HC Org Final Study Guide

Consumer behavior that leads to higher utilization of health care services when the services are covered by insurance is referred to as a _______________. a) consumer theory b) moral hazard c) consumption d) consumer demand

b) moral hazard

There are nearly _________ million people employed in various health delivery settings. a. 10.4 b. 16.4 c. 20.4 d. 24.4 e. 28.4

b. 16.4

Approximately how many currently uninsured Americans will be covered under the ACA? a. 10 million b. 30 million c. 50 million d. 1 million

b. 30 million

What is the average price of a student loans a Physician has after completing school?

$250,000

Which of the following managed care plans commonly uses "gatekeeping" by a primary physician? a. PPO b. POS c. HMO d. A and C

c. HMO

A provider reimbursement method used by MCOs that pays a provider a set monthly fee per enrollee regardless of whether or not the patient sees the provider and how often the patient visits is called ___________________. a) Fee-for-service b) Package pricing c) Resource-Based Relative Value Scale d) Capitation

d) Capitation

What part of Medicare was added under the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act (MMA) of 2003? a) Part A b) Part B c) Part C d) Part D

d) Part D

149. Approximately how many patients are receiving care in an ACO? a. 5-10 million b. 11-16 million c. 18-24 million d. 25-31 million

d. 25-31 million

Short Answer: What implications does Governor Quinn's 2012 signed state tax law concerning tax-exempt entities have outside of health care?

Answer: Other non-for-profit organizations such as churches and prominent universities will have to prove that they provide services that give back to the community to compensate for the money they save in being tax-exempt.

Short Answer: Name one reason why women have a higher health care need than men?

Answer: Overall women develop more acute and chronic illnesses leading to a higher rate of short and long-term disabilities.

Which is the following is NOT a major factor in the continued rise of health care costs? A. New technologies and prescription drugs B. Increasing prevalence of chronic disease C. Commercial insurance D. Population aging E. High administrative costs

C. Commercial insurance

130. What of the following is NOT on the activities of daily living (ADL) scale? A. Eating B. Bathing C. Doing housework D. Toileting

C. Doing housework

Which of the following is NOT one of the five components of the policy cycle? A. Legislative decision making and policy implementation B. Building of public support C. Judicial review D. Policy design E. Issue raising

C. Judicial review

What makes up the largest number of health care professionals? A. Primary Care Physicians B. Specialty Physicians C. Nurses D. Dentists E. Hospitalists

C. Nurses

Short Answer: What are the three entities at the top of the tripartite structure of Hospital Governance?

CEO, Board of Trustees, Chief of Staff (Medical Director)

Short Answer: Demand-side incentives, supply-side regulation, payer-driven price competition and utilization controls are classifications of what type of strategy?

Competitive strategy

Short Answer: In one sentence, describe how moral hazard affects on the utilization of health care.

Consumers are going to utilize more health care if they are not paying out of pocket and insurance companies are the only payer.

Short Answer: Name two major forces of change in health care delivery

Cultural Beliefs and values, Economic constraints, social changes, technological advances, political opportunism

What main reason(s) will the health care sector of the U.S economy continue to grow? A. Growth in population B. The Affordable Care Act C. Aging population D. A and C E. All of the Above

D. A and C

How do major corporations restrain the escalation of health insurance costs for employees? A. Implementing employee health screenings B. Implementing programs for weight control and smoking cessation C. Offering discounts on health insurance D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Why didn't President Clinton's health care reform initiative succeed? A. There wasn't enough political opportunity B. There wasn't enough political skill behind the initiative C. There wasn't enough commitment to the initiative D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Who or what provides most long term care in the US? A. Nursing homes B. Hospice care C. Hospitals D. Family and friends, working informally

D. Family and friends, working informally

Which of the following is NOT a characterizing feature of U.S. health policy? A. A decentralized role for the states B. Fragmented, incremental, and piecemeal reform C. Government acts as a subsidiary to the private sector D. Health coverage is a right E. Impact of presidential leadership on policies

D. Health coverage is a right

What type of care is provided for terminally ill persons? A. Long term care B. Assisted living C. Subacute care D. Hospice care

D. Hospice care

Which attribute is different for a Physician Assistant as opposed to a Nurse Practitioner? A. Autonomy is determined by state B. Considered Advanced Practice Providers C. Considered nonphysician providers D. National Certification exam is required E. Requires a Masters

D. National Certification exam is required

A bill has been approved by Congress and presented to the President. If less than 10 days are left in the congressional session, and the President does nothing with the bill, this is called a(n) __________. A. Filibuster B. Political maneuver C. Executive review D. Pocket veto E. Presidential order

D. Pocket veto

Which doctoral-level health professional have the highest employment level in the United States? A. Optometrists B. Podiatrists C. Chiropractors D. Psychologists

D. Psychologists

True or False: HMOs were or were intended to be the integrators in the pursuit of the Triple Aim. HMOs fell short of this pursuit at least partly because the experience of people enrolled in HMOs was not sufficiently improved to overcome the restriction of choice of providers.

True

True or False: Medical model of healthcare delivery emphasizes medical intervention after a person has become sick.

True

True or False: Medicare is standardize across all states

True

True or False: Smallpox was eradicated in the 1970's

True

True or False: Telemedicine employs telecommunications technology for medical diagnosis and patient care when the provider and client are separated by distance.

True

True or False: The Triple-Aim should realistically not be represented as an equilateral triangle

True

True or False: The first broad-coverage health insurance in the United States emerged in the form of workers' compensation.

True

True or False: Turning Point is an initiative of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to transform and strengthen the public health system.

True

True or False: Under the Medicaid expansion states will receive 100% federal funding for the first 3 years.

True

Short Answer: Through which technique or process is risk evaluated, selected/rejected, rated, or classified?

Underwriting

Short Answer: What is the term that refers to the likelihood of an individual experiencing illness?

Vulnerability

Short Answer: In a Health Maintenance Organization, how is some of the risk shifted from the HMO to the provider?

When providers have capitated contracts or discounted fees they become more prudent in providing cost-effective services.

Short Answer: Do future projections show a shortage in Physicians?

Yes, future projections indicate that there will be a 90,000+ Physician shortage supply

63. The desire to have state-of-the-art technology available, accompanied by the desire to use it despite its cost, is called: a. Technology diffusion b. Medical technology c. Technological imperative d. Information technology

c. Technological imperative

The Johnston R. Bowman apartments can be classified as: a. a subacute care facility b. a skilled nursing facility c. an independent living facility d. a specialized care facility

c. an independent living facility

Which populations are eligible to enroll in Medicare? a) Persons 65 years and older b) Disabled individuals of any age who are entitled to Social Security c) People of any age who have end-stage renal disease d) All of the above e) Both A & B

d) All of the above

How does the market for health care services in the United States violate the conditions of a competitive market? a. Entry of sellers into the health care market is heavily regulated b. The demand for health care services is often less than the supply c. The complexity of health care services almost eliminates the ability of the consumer to make informed decisions without guidance from the providers. d. A and C e. None of the above.

d. A and C

All of the following principles are included in the concept of insurance EXCEPT: a. Risk can be shifted from individuals to the group through the pooling of resources. b. Risk cannot be predicted for individuals c. Risk can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy for a large group. d. A, B, and C are all included in the principles of insurance

d. A, B, and C are all included in the principles of insurance

Which of the following characteristics of vulnerability is a need characteristic? a. HIV/AIDS b. Chronic illness/disability c. Mental Health d. All of the Above

d. All of the Above

60. What was the main goal of the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973? a. Provide alternative to fee-for-service practice b. Medical care delivery under capitation would reduce cost c. Slow the growth rate of health care expenditures d. All of the above

d. All of the above

How can we increase patient engagement involving their healthcare? a. E-visits b. Home monitoring c. Kiosk Patient Portals d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Implementation of a three new Da Vinci robots at RUMC would affect: a. Cost b. Access c. Quality d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Multiple factors determine the health of a given population. The leading determinants of health are: a. Environment b. Behavior and lifestyle c. Hereditary d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Patients without adequate access to healthcare enter the system through the ER and subsequently raise the cost of care. This overutilization occurs because of the a. Lack of gatekeepers to manage patients b. Lack of engagement strategies for patients with an episodic need c. Lack of visibility of clinicians and resources within the health system d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Private Non-Profit hospitals: a. Are also called voluntary hospitals b. Make a profit c. Include religiously affiliated, church-owned hospitals d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Vulnerability is determined by a convergence of a. Predisposing Characteristics b. Enabling Characteristics c. Need Characteristics d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

What are the ways we can prepare for the physician shortage? a. Increase the medical school enrollment b. Adjust specialty allocation of residency slots c. Increase the capabilities of Advanced Practice Providers (NP, PA) d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following were incremental changes to Medicaid since its inception in 1965? a. Mandated coverage for pregnant women and infants in families with income below 100% of the federal poverty level. b. Children's Health Insurance Program, expanding insurance coverage to uninsured children c. States were given the option of covering families at 185% of the federal poverty level. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Rural areas face greater barriers in access to care than metropolitan areas because? a. Maldistribution of health care professionals. b. Higher rates of poverty. c. A grain only diet. d. Both a. and b.

d. Both a. and b.

With respect to the National Health Expenditure and it's percentage of the Gross Domestic Product how is it progressing? a. It is taking up a smaller % of GDP b. It is taking up a larger % of GDP c. It is effecting other aspects of GDP due to excessive utilization d. Both b & c

d. Both b & c

A vulnerable healthcare population is? a. A population with a certain personal deficiency. b. A group that faces challenges in accessing timely and quality care. c. Subject to a higher prevalence of poor overall health. d. Both b. and c.

d. Both b. and c.

Which of these lists below represent Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)? a. Eating, Driving, Bathing b. Shopping, Dressing, Housework c. Money Management, Telephone Use, Toilet Use d. Eating, Bathing, Dressing

d. Eating, Bathing, Dressing

56. Which one of these is not part of the IHI Triple Aim? a. Quality b. Access c. Cost d. Efficiency

d. Efficiency

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the U.S. Health Care System? a. Multiple players and balance of power b. Technology-driven system focusing on acute care c. No central governing agency d. Government as subsidiary to the public sector (private sector) e. Fusion of market justice and social justice

d. Government as subsidiary to the public sector (private sector)

"_________ care" embodies the concepts of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous services that provide a seamless process of care: [Chapter 7] a. Essential b. Managed c. Coordination of d. Integrated

d. Integrated

The following are reasons why National health Care has failed historically in the U.S. except: a. The decentralized system gave the federal government little direct control b. The AMA opposed national health care systems c. Americans do not want to pay high taxes for the increased costs of a national system d. It hadn't been proposed until 2009

d. It hadn't been proposed until 2009 (President Truman proposed it)

59. What are the Lifetime Limits under the ACA? a. 1-2 million b. 5 million c. 10 million d. No Limit

d. No Limit

Currently, how many hospitals are currently signed up withe Accountable Care Organizations in Illinois to provider coverage? a. All b. Most c. Few d. None

d. None

Of the following, which is not a reason for rising healthcare costs? a. General inflation b. Third party payment c. Imperfect market d. Offensive medicine e. Growth of technology

d. Offensive medicine

Which of the following is true regarding health policy in the U.S.? a. The public generally agrees on most healthcare issues. b. The public consistently supports the goal of a national health insurance, and they want the government to run the healthcare delivery system. c. The Public wants the government to control healthcare costs by exerting as much power as possible. d. Policy makers have the challenge of finding a balance between government control and the private health care market.

d. Policy makers have the challenge of finding a balance between government control and the private health care market.

Which of the following is not a section of the Triple-Aim? a. Improving the patient experience of care b. Improving the health of populations c. Reducing the per capita cost of health care d. Reducing the population of the uninsured

d. Reducing the population of the uninsured

Which of the following is NOT one of the major driving factors that shaped the U.S. Healthcare system? a. Economic forces b. Science & Technology c. Social forces d. Religious beliefs and values

d. Religious beliefs and values

The level of access to inpatient hospital services is measured by the: a. Ratio of length of stay to the number of discharges per day b. Number of patient days over a given period divided by the number of days in that period c. Number of discharges times the average length of stay d. Total number of patient discharges per 1,000 population e. All of the above

d. Total number of patient discharges per 1,000 population

An integrated delivery system (IDS) or health network includes several organizations under the same ownership and may include which of the following: a) Acute care hospitals b) Outpatient clinics and surgical facilities c) Physician practices d) Long-term care facilities e) All of the above

e) All of the above

The key determinants of health status are a) Access to medical care b) Environmental factors c) Lifestyle factors d) Heredity factors e) All of the above

e) All of the above

Which of the following are reasons for the high cost of health care? a) Growth of technology b) Increase in the elderly population c) Waste and abuse d) Imperfect market e) All of the above

e) All of the above

Which of the following is/are a result of the Affordable Care Act? a) Approximately 21 million people will remain uninsured. b) It is illegal to deny health insurance to people with pre-existing conditions. c) Individuals who do not have health insurance are required to pay a tax penalty. d) States are required to set up health insurance exchanges. e) All of the above. f) B, C, & D only.

e) All of the above.

Which of the following were mandated by the PPACA? a. Individual Mandate b. Medicaid expanded to 150% of the Federal Poverty Level c. Insurance companies cannot deny coverage to citizens for any reason d. A & B e. A & C f. C & B

e. A & C

Where are sub-specialist physicians most likely to be found? a. A federally qualified health center (FQHC) b. A small rural clinic c. A nursing home d. A migrant worker clinic e. A large academic medical center located in a major urban area

e. A large academic medical center located in a major urban area

247. Which of the following is an aspect of Quality? a. Health/Functional Status b. Risk Status c. Disease Burden d. Mortality e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Children are affected by an array of "New Morbidities," which of these is a new morbidity? a. Drug and Alcohol Abuse b. Obesity c. Family Violence d. Learning Problems e. All of the above

e. All of the above

The factor(s) for determining quality of life include(s): a. Lifestyle factors b. Living conditions c. Clinical palliation d. Human factors (privacy, latitude to govern oneself) e. All of the above

e. All of the above

What factor(s) contributed to the growth of hospitals? a. Widespread appeal once hospitals became known as places of technological advancement, and professional training of healthcare professionals. b. Private health insurance c. Hill-Burton Act d. Medicare and Medicaid e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following factors contribute to downsizing of hospitals? a. HMO cost containment emphasis b. Increase in outpatient utilization c. Hospital closures d. Change in CMS reimbursement structure e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following is/are roles the state plays in development and implementation of health policies? a. Financial support for the care and treatment of the poor and chronically disabled. b. Regulation of health insurance policies. c. Quality assurance and oversight of healthcare practitioners and facilities. d. Sharing the cost for training healthcare professionals. e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Magnet hospital status is conferred by the following organization: a. American Medical Association b. American Association for Retired Persons c. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences d. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services e. American Nurses Association

e. American Nurses Association

The most popular type of hospitals in the United States are: a. Psychiatric hospitals b. Teaching hospitals c. Private for-profit hospitals d. General hospitals e. Community hospitals

e. Community hospitals

4. Which of the following countries has socialized health insurance? a. Canada b. United Kingdom c. United States d. France e. Germany

e. Germany

Which federal initiative, established in 1972, works with communities and health care clinics in federally designed Health Profession Storage Areas to provide primary medical care to individuals living in these underserved areas? a. Health Care for the Homeless Program b. Public Housing Primary Care Program c. Community Health Center Program d. Healthy Schools, Healthy Communities Program e. National Health Service Corps

e. National Health Service Corps

True or False: HDHP stands for high-deductible health plan. This type of plan has been gaining an increasing market share in recent years.

True

True or False: An Accountable Care Organization must encompass most of the services that any patient might require across the care continuum

True

True or False: An OB can be sued up to 18 years after a child's birth.

True

True or False: Approximately 70% of all US health care costs are generated by 10% of patients, who typically have one or more chronic disease.

True

True or False: Health planning is an example of supply side rationing to control health care expenditures.

True

An example of a redistributive policy is __________ A. The Medicaid program B. Medical research funding C. The establishment of new institutions D. Employer wellness programs E. None of the above

A. The Medicaid program

Short Answer: What term refers to the desensitization to the price of healthcare services as a result of insurance plans covering the cost of medical expenses?

Moral Hazard

Short Answer: Why do payers prefer outpatient care over inpatient care?

Pubic and private payers both prefer outpatient care because it is cheaper than inpatient care.

Short Answer: Structure, process, and outcomes are three domains proposed by Donabedian that measure __________.

Quality of care

Short Answer: Name 3 characteristics that best predict access to health care

Race, Income, Occupation

True or False: Blue Cross plans, originally created at Baylor University by Justin Kimball in 1929, were designed to provide a basic type of insurance for paying hospitals.

True

______ is defined as "The ability to obtain needed, affordable, convenient, acceptable, and effective personal health services in a timely manner."

Access

True or False: Community health centers provide family-oriented preventive care, primary care, and dental care, and serve as a primary care safety net.

True

Short Answer: Please briefly describe the healthcare setting in the Pre-Industrial Era, including but not limited to medical education, healthcare access & quality, insurance, and types of healthcare institutions.

• Anyone can practice medicine with little to no formal training (medicine has little to no scientific basis) • Patients are typically seen from: Home, Alms houses, Pest facilities, Asylums, Voluntary hospitals (hospitals were dangerous for sick people due to lack of contamination control) • Not many people received healthcare because: Doctors had to travel to their patients which largely were in rural locations, Not many people could afford care because insurance didn't exist, Folk remedies were passed down from generation to generation and were not significantly different from current medical practices

7. Short Answer: What are two reasons National Health Care has historically failed in America?

• Unlike in Europe, national health care failed to get an early footing because of labor and political stability in the U.S. • A decentralized American system gave the U.S. federal government little direct control over social policy. • German social insurance system was denounced during World War 1. Since then, the term "socialized medicine" has been used as a synonym for national health insurance. • The AMA opposed national health care initiatives • Middle-class Americans have traditionally adopted beliefs and values that are consistent with capitalism, self-determination, and distrust of big government. • Middle-class Americans have opposed higher taxes to pay for the increased cost of a national health care program.

Short Answer: What percentage of American's live within at least one Affordable Care Organization?

40%

True or False: Despite many critics of the managed care model, no comprehensive research has shown that the growth of managed care has affected the quality of care delivered to patients.

True

Short Answer: What is a medical home? Why is it preferred?

A medical home is a patient centered model of care consisting of a primary care physician who acts as the patient's primary, continual medical contact. The primary care physician is able to direct a team that coordinates patient centered care across the entire spectrum of the medical system. Medical home models are preferred because they have demonstrated the ability to improve patient outcomes while also lowering costs.

Over the last 40 years, which three tenets have been the main focuses of health care policy? A. Access to care, cost containment, and quality of care B. Technology investment, collaboration, and quality of care C. Access to care, insurance coverage regulation, and health tourism D. Technology investment, cost containment, and physician education E. Access to care, patient education, and pharmaceutical regulation

A. Access to care, cost containment, and quality of care

Why is the debate over the supply of physicians a public policy issue? A. An increasing supply may increase health care expenditures but also alleviates shortages in certain regions of the country B. There is an excess of physicians and not enough jobs leading to minimal opportunities for recent graduates C. Entrance into the medical field is too competitive resulting in a decreased number of new physicians which contributes to the physician shortage D. None of the above

A. An increasing supply may increase health care expenditures but also alleviates shortages in certain regions of the country

Which of the following define the Triple Aim? A. Cost, access, and quality B. Utilization, occupancy, capacity C. Inpatient, outpatient, readmissions D. Mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures E. None of the above

A. Cost, access, and quality

What is the difference between distributive policies and redistributive policies? A. Distributive spreads benefits throughout society and redistributive takes resources from one group and gives it to another B. Distributive distributes policies and redistributive distributes again C. Distributive takes resources from one group and gives it to another, and redistributive spreads benefits throughout society D. None of the above

A. Distributive spreads benefits throughout society and redistributive takes resources from one group and gives it to another

Most nursing homes in the US are operated by which of the following: A. For-profit entities B. Nonprofit entities C. The government

A. For-profit entities

What is the largest payer for home health care services? A. Medicare B. Medicaid C. Private Insurance

A. Medicare

What is the main purpose of long term care? A. To enable the individual to maintain functional independence to the maximum level that is practical. B. To care for an individual who cannot enter a nursing home due to lack of insurance. C. To provide care to elderly people who can no longer care for themselves. D. To provide limited care services based on a universal model of need.

A. To enable the individual to maintain functional independence to the maximum level that is practical.

Short Answer: What are the two different types of quality of life indicators?

Activities of Daily Life (ADLs) & Instrumental Activities of Daily Life

Short Answer: What is another term for "outpatient" care?

Ambulatory care

Short Answer: Name three reasons the United States leads all other nations in the development and use of technology.

Answer may include: Cultural beliefs and values, medical training and practice, insurance coverage, and competition among providers

67. Short Answer: List one contribution the Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946, commonly known as the Hill-Burton Act provided:

Answer may include: increased the nation's bed supply in hospitals, increased bed supply to 4.5 beds per 1,000 population, allowed small and remote communities to establish their own hospitals

Short Answer: The Affordable Care Act stipulates that Medicaid will expand eligibility to include more low-income adults. At which percent of the federal poverty level must a person be at or below to qualify for coverage?

Answer: 138%

172. Short Answer: What year did the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services implement their initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health?

Answer: 1998

Short Answer: It has been found through research that minorities have poor access to health services compared with their white counterparts. How is access to care measured or quantified?

Answer: Access to care is defined as whether someone has a regular or usual source of care. A usual source of care is typically a single provider where patients obtain their health care.

Short Answer:This agency focuses on improving quality of care through comparative-effectiveness research, health information technology initiatives, preventive medicine, and health care value analyses.

Answer: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Short Answer: A general description of a 'food desert' is:

Answer: An area lacking a variety of healthy food options

Short Answer: List three individual characteristics that influence access to care.

Answer: Any of the following would be accepted - demographic, beliefs, health status, resources, and knowledge.

Short Answer: Doctors who provide medical care services in Health Provider Shortage Areas (HPSA) are eligible for

Answer: Bonus payments from Medicare

Short Answer: Describe the two main types of allocative tools in the health care arena and give an example of each.

Answer: Distributive policies spread benefits throughout society and an example is funding of medical research through the NIH or constructing new facilities. Redistributive polices, in contrast, take resources from one group and give it to another and an example is the Medicaid program.

Short Answer: What characteristic of vulnerability is 'Insurance Status' an example of?

Answer: Enabling characteristics

Short Answer: List some features that characterize U.S. healthy policy.

Answer: Government acts as a subsidiary to the private sector; fragmented, incremental, and piecemeal reform; pluralistic (interest group) politics; a decentralized role for the states; and the impact of presidential leadership

120. Short Answer: Why did hospital nursing flourish after World War II?

Answer: Hospital nursing became increasingly popular after WWII as the effectiveness of such nursing care was demonstrated during the war. In addition federal support of nursing training increased after the war with the Nursing Training Act of 1964, the Health Manpower Act of 1968 and the Nursing Training Act of 1971

Short Answer: List the five components of the policy cycle.

Answer: Issue raising, policy design, building of public support, legislative decision making and building of policy support, and legislative decision making and policy implementation.

Short Answer: Give an example in which a health policy has come about as a by-product of public social policies enacted by the government.

Answer: Policies that excluded fringe benefits from income or Social Security taxes and a U.S. Supreme Court ruling that employee benefits, including health insurance, could be legitimately included in the collective bargaining process led to important changes in the expansion of employer-provided health insurance benefits.

Short Answer: What is health policy

Answer: Public policies that pertain to or influence the pursuit of health, and the aggregate of principles that distribute resources, services and political influences that impact the health of the population.

Short Answer: What is a Certificate of Need program (CON)?

Answer: State programs that regulate capital expansion in their health care system.

Short Answer: What is the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)?

Answer: The act ensures public access to emergency services, regardless of a person's ability to pay.

159. Short Answer: Most mental health services are provided in the general medicine sector, this concept as known as and means?

Answer: The de facto mental health service system, which means patients are not usually seen by a mental health specialist.

Short Answer: In the U.S., individual states play a significant role in the development and implementation of health policies (ex. regulating Medicaid, quality assurance, insurance companies, etc.). What is one potential disadvantage of giving the states this much power?

Answer: The greater amount of control states have, the more difficult it becomes to develop a coordinated national strategy for reforming or changing a policy concerning health care. Too difficult to coordinate the varying levels of participation or acceptance of national programs by the states.

Short Answer: What are the two types of allocative tools in health policy and what is the difference between the two?

Answer: The two types are distributive and redistributive. Distributive refers to policies that spread benefits throughout society whereas redistributive takes money or power from one group to give it to another.

Short Answer: Which federal program set up the initiative to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in health by reducing infant mortality, cancer screening and management, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and immunizations?

Answer: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Short Answer: Having a _________________ generally equates to better quality health care and is defined as having a single provider or place where patients can obtain the majority of their health care.

Answer: Usual source of care

Short Answer: Give an example of an argument against too much state control over health policy.

Answers (any of the following): Becomes more difficult to develop a coordinated national strategy, Disparities among states may lead to inequalities in access to health services, States may interpret federal incentives in ways that jeopardize the policy's original intent

Short Answer: Give two examples of the most frequently cited problems with government intervention in health care.

Answers (any two of the following): escalating costs, bureaucratic inflexibility and red tape, excessive regulation, irrational paperwork, arbitrary and sometimes conflicting public directives, inconsistent enforcement of rules and regulations, fraud and abuse, inadequate reimbursement, arbitrary denial of claims, insensitivity to local needs, consumer and provider dissatisfaction, and charges that such efforts tend to promote welfare dependence rather than a desire to seek employment.

Short Answer: Give one example of a challenge to providing efficient, effective, and affordable long term care and justify your answer.

Answers may include, but not limited to one of the below responses: - Cost: Since the '80s and '90s, reimbursement rates have been reduced and hospitals were paid per diagnosis. Now, hospitals also do not get reimbursed for home health services. (from lecture) In general, the older population are the biggest users of health care, utilizing 33% of all national health care spending while representing only 13% of U.S. population. (p.238) - Regulations: Currently, state and federal regulations on long term care use is becoming more difficult. For example, Medicare just put a cap on therapy services associated with hospitals and Medicaid has a limit on home and community based care. In order to demonstrate need for an SNF, a patient needs to currently be hospitalized for at least 3 days to be Medicare supported. (lecture and text) Public policy is not likely to provide overarching continuity for long-term care. Federal, state, local policies continue to change requiring constant reorientation of management procedures/policies - Rise of Populations: Aging Baby Boomer population will cause demand and supply for LTC services to grow at a rapid rate in the future. Services may not be able to expand efficiently to accommodate affordable long term care. (text) Growing populations of people with chronic conditions, comorbidities, and subsequent disability, but with increased life span and heterogeneous needs. Current and future shortage of health care personnel and need for coordination with external organizations - Payer: Varying payment streams and determining who pays for long term care is a challenge. Will families cover for their relatives? The government? Tax payers? With the introduction of the ACA, the burden is primarily on young, healthy people to buy into the insurance plans and they and predicted to be the ones covering the cost of high cost users. (lecture)

Short Answer: List two concerns regarding the delivery of health care services in rural communities.

Answers may include: • Purchasing high-tech equipment to serve a few people is not cost-efficient • Finding physicians who want to reside in rural areas is difficult • Specialists and expensive diagnostic equipment are not readily available in rural medical practices • Reimbursement systems based on average costs make it difficult for rural hospital with few patients to survive financially

Short Answer: Name and list one feature of a federal initiative used to eliminate socioeconomic disparities in the US.

Answers may include: - The Community Health Center Program (1969) for improvements in access to care for low-income families in high needs communities. - The National Health Service Corps (1972), works in government deemed Health Profession Shortage Areas to provide primary medical care to the underserved. - The Public Housing Primary Care Program to provide care to those living in, near, or around public housing. - The Healthy Schools, Healthy Communities Program, which developed full time school-based health centers that serve the vulnerable youth. - The Health Care for the Homeless Program, which supports grantees from health service organizations to provide services for the homeless.

Short Answer: List three specific barriers to adequate health care that the homeless face outside of inadequate finances.

Answers may include: Accessible transportation to medical services, lack of proper sanitation, inability to properly store medications, poor diet, exposure to harsh environments.

Short Answer: What are two examples of presidential leadership in health policy? (Name two presidents and list one of their major contributions to health policy.)

Answers may include: Lyndon Johnson (Medicare and Medicaid), Harry Truman ( Hill-Burton Hospital Construction Act) Richard Nixon (Actions leading to federal support of HMOs in 1973, The enactment of the National Health Planning and Resource Development Act of 1974), Ronald Reagan (Medicare cost-control approaches for hospitals and physicians, Additional Medicare coverage for elderly), Bill Clinton (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 & CHIP)

What purpose does certification serve in nursing homes? A. Certification is required annually for a nursing home to operate. B. A nursing home must be certified to serve Medicaid or Medicare patients. C. Certification determines which services are reimburseable. D. Certification is a ranking reserved for the best nursing homes.

B. A nursing home must be certified to serve Medicaid or Medicare patients.

What is an "insurance risk pool"? A. A subset of risky people who have higher insurance premiums B. A program that helps people acquire private insurance who are unable to do so because of medical risks C. A program that keeps people from acquiring any health insurance because of pre-existing conditions D. None of the above

B. A program that helps people acquire private insurance who are unable to do so because of medical risks

Which act authorized the prospective payment system for reimbursing hospitals for Medicare beneficiaries? A. Hill-Burton Act of 1946 B. Amendments to the Social Security Act of 1983 C. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 D. Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 E. Affordable Care Act of 2010

B. Amendments to the Social Security Act of 1983

Tests and services that are not medically justified, but rather are performed by physicians to protect themselves against potential malpractice lawsuits is defined as A. Practice variations B. Defensive medicine C. Fraud D. Cost shifting E. Utilization controls

B. Defensive medicine

Cost-sharing mechanism that places a larger cost burden on consumers , thereby encouraging customers to be more cost conscious in selecting insurance plan that best serves their needs is known as A. Payer driven price competition B. Demand-side incentive C. Supply-side regulation D. Price Discrimination E. None of the above

B. Demand-side incentive

What is comorbidity? A. A measure of obesity B. Multiple health problems C. Different medications taken at the same time D. The impact of diet and exercise on health

B. Multiple health problems

What are the four aspects of holistic caregiving? A. Lifestyle, living environment, physical, medical B. Physical, mental, social, and spiritual C. Ethical, practical, cost effective, impactful D. Physical, mental, medical, ethical

B. Physical, mental, social, and spiritual

Hospitalists are most similar to what kind of doctor? A. Psychiatrist B. Primary Care Physician C. Gynecologist D. Physical Therapist E. Cardiologist

B. Primary Care Physician

How can organized interest groups be the most effective? A. By dividing and conquering B. By devoting a lot of time and money into public awareness C. By combining and concentrating the resources of their members D. By focusing on one, very specific interest

C. By combining and concentrating the resources of their members

What is one of the major obstacles many health policy makers face in the United States? A. Presidential leadership inhibits major changes in health policies B. Special interest groups prevent the passage of major changes in health policies C. Lack of government investment into new health policies D. The greater amount of control different states have, the more difficult it is for the federal government to decide on a coordinated strategy

D. The greater amount of control different states have, the more difficult it is for the federal government to decide on a coordinated strategy

Short Answer: IT systems that provide information to, and support managerial decision making are called ____________.

Decision support systems

Short Answer: Who was the president and CEO of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI triple aim)?

Donald Berwick

What are some of the obstacles to pursuit of the Triple Aim? A. Supply-driven demand B. New technologies C. Physician-centric care D. Little or no foreign competition E. All of the above

E. All of the above

What factor contributed to the growth of outpatient services? A. Technologic B. Utilization control factors C. Financial D. Social E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT one of the main reasons for high cost of health care in the United States? A. Third party payment B. Imperfect market C. Waste and abuse D. Increase in the elderly population E. All of the above are correct

E. All of the above are correct

Which of the following is NOT in the purview of individual states? A. Control of Medicaid costs B. Regulation of insurance, including health insurance C. Financial support for the care and treatment of the poor and chronically disabled D. Health personnel training E. None of the above

E. None of the above

Which of the following is not an outpatient service setting? A. Hospice Care B. Free Clinics C. Public Health Services D. Home Care E. These are all outpatient services

E. These are all outpatient services

True of False: The macro view of quality focuses on services at the point of delivery not from the standpoint of populations.

False

True or False: 147. Telemedicine is only used in rural areas.

False

True or False: Few nations take advantage of the United States' biomedical R&D and medical technologies, leaving them with much higher health care costs.

False

True or False: LTC is a self-contained system of comprehensive health care services, and can function independently of primary care, acute, mental health, and ancillary services such as pharmaceuticals and diagnostics.

False

True or False: Medicaid enjoyed broad grass roots support, which helped facilitate its passage through Congress.

False

True or False: Prior to President Clinton's failed Health Security Act, no other national health plan had ever been proposed.

False

True or False: Regarding Quality, mortality refers to the incidence and/or prevalence of major chronic conditions, summary of predictive model scores

False

True or False: The United States supports a variety of institutional forms, but a hospital can only be classified under one category.

False

True or False: The main difference between CNSs and NPs is that CNSs mainly work in primary care settings, whereas NPs mainly work in hospitals.

False

True or False: The most significant undertaking to control prices for inpatient hospital care was the conversion to the fee schedule known as resource based relative value scale (RBRVS).

False

True or false: most long term care is provided in nursing homes.

False

True or False: Medicaid is the fourth largest source of health insurance in the country covering approximately 16% of the U.S. population.

False (Medicaid is 3rd largest)

True or False: The legislative committees are responsible for implementing policies in the public domain.

False (The executive branch agencies)

True or False: The United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and New Zealand enforce gatekeeping before referring patients to a specialist.

False (not Germany)

True or False: Proposals undergo joint consideration and passage in each chamber of Congress.

False (undergo separate consideration)

True or False: Medicaid is standardize across all states

False (varies across states)

Short Answer: What act mandated strict controls on personally identifiable health data to alleviate concerns about the confidentiality of patient information?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Short Answer: Explain the rise of hospitalist physicians in the United States over the past decade?

Hospitalists have become increasingly common in the United States over the past decade due to the dominance of managed care. Hospitalists focus on cost-efficiency through seeking to decrease overall cost and length of stay for inpatients. Cost- efficiency is extraordinarily important for managed care organizations thus explaining the increased prevalence of hospitalists in the U.S.

Short Answer: The amount of the collected insurance premiums that is actually spent on health care services after the insurance company retains a percentage to cover their own administrative expenses is the ___________________.

Medical Loss Ratio

Short Answer: What is also known as Title 18 of the Social Security Act?

Medicare

Short Answer: What is the collective name of the policies that cover the services that may not be insured by Medicare?

Medigap policies or Medicare Supplement Insurance

Which of the following is true concerning osteopathic doctors (DO)? a. Osteopaths focus largely on an active interventions to counterbalance the patient's ailment b. Osteopaths use a holistic approach to medicine focusing on the musculoskeletal system while also emphasizing preventative techniques c. Osteopathic doctors are not allowed to prescribe prescription drugs d. Osteopathic doctors are likely to be found in surgical sub-specialties such as pediatric neuro-oncology

Osteopaths use a holistic approach to medicine focusing on the musculoskeletal system while also emphasizing preventative techniques

Short Answer: Explain the social factors behind the rise of outpatient care.

Patients typically want to receive care at home or in community-based settings as such environments give them a strong sense of control over their situation. In addition most patients prefer to be institutionalized only when absolutely necessary.

Short Answer: Name two out of the five domains of Primary Care.

Point of Entry, Coordination of care, Essential care, Integrated care, Accountability

Short Answer: Don Berwick was appointed by President Barack Obama to serve as the administrator for the Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services. Berwick is credited with creating an approach to optimizing health care called the IHI Triple Aim. What are the three areas of this aim?

Population Health, Experience of Care, per Capita Cost

Short Answer: Name the three eras of the United State's health care revolution?

Preindustrial, Postindustrial, Corporate era

Short Answer: Which U.S. President first proposed universal health care?

President Truman

What are the two main types of allocative tools in healthcare policy? a) Distributive and Redistributive b) Distributive and Collaborative c) Contribution and Redistribution d) Redistribution and Regulation

a) Distributive and Redistributive

______________ is an arrangement that requires a primary care physician to coordinate all health care services needed by an enrollee, commonly used by HMOs. a) gatekeeping b) patient/provider relationship c) patient blocking d) strategic throughput

a) gatekeeping

Which of the following did not help to more greatly expand access to emergency services? a. 1974 ERISA b. 1986 Cobra (EMTALA) c. 1993 Prudent Layperson Maryland d. 1997 Balanced Budget Act

a. 1974 ERISA

Medicare pays for post-acute skilled care in an SNF certified facility only if: a. A patient has stayed in a hospital for a minimum of 3 days (not including day of discharge) b. The patient has care also financed by Medicaid c. Demonstrates need for direct care with ADLs to certified nursing assistants d. all of the above

a. A patient has stayed in a hospital for a minimum of 3 days (not including day of discharge)

Which of the following organizations played an integral role in legitimizing the practice of medicine as a profession in the U.S.? a. AMA b. ADA c. AHA d. ACA

a. AMA

All of the following are examples of efficiencies brought to practice settings by the internet, except: a. Ability to self-diagnose prior to visits b. Online pre-registration c. Alternative care sites d. Diagnostic results transmission e. Drug and equipment orders

a. Ability to self-diagnose prior to visits

What does CAHPS refer to? a. Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems b. Community Assessment of Health and Patient Services c. Casually Allowing HSM Professors to Scuba-dive d. Community Advocacy for Hispanic Population Services

a. Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems

Acupuncture, yoga and meditation are all examples of... a. Contemporary and alternative medicine (CAM) b. Occupational therapy c. Therapeutic recreation d. Western medicine

a. Contemporary and alternative medicine (CAM)

Insurance status, or being uninsured, falls under which characteristic of vulnerability? a. Enabling characteristics b. Predisposing characteristics c. Need characteristics d. All of the above

a. Enabling characteristics

The Magnet Recognition Program is awarded to: a. Hospitals with excellence in nursing and innovations in nursing practice. b. Hospitals that meet strict standards for Medicare reimbursements. c. Hospitals with high retention rates of primary care physicians. d. Hospitals in the top decile for employee engagement.

a. Hospitals with excellence in nursing and innovations in nursing practice.

Which of the following describes the policy cycle for forming and implementing health policy? a. Issue Raising, Policy design, Building of public support, Legislative decision-making, Policy implementation. b. Issue Raising, Campaigning, Legislative decision-making, Policy Implementation, Policy Evaluation c. Policy Design, Building of public support, Legislative decision-making, Policy Implementation, Policy Evaluation d. Issue Raising, Policy design, Legislative decision-making, Policy implementation, Policy Evaluation.

a. Issue Raising, Policy design, Building of public support, Legislative decision-making, Policy implementation.

43. Which of the following managed care plans does NOT involve risk sharing? a. PPO b. POS c. HMO d. A and B

a. PPO

Which of the following is not a medical degree: a. PhD b. DO c. MBBS d. MD

a. PhD

Aimed at transforming the culture of long-term care, The Green House Initiative can be best described by which of the following choices? a. Small homes of 6-10 individuals living with support b. Enrichment program to bring older individuals in retirement homes to the outdoors and gardening c. a retirement community where seniors can move in and out of institutionalized services based on need d. Facility focused on at least three hours of rehabilitation therapy per day

a. Small homes of 6-10 individuals living with support

What is the main accreditation body that recognizes hospitals who meet all health and safety requirements for the participation in Medicare and Medicaid? a. The Joint Commission b. The American Medical Association c. The Department of Health and Human Services d. The Food and Drug Administration

a. The Joint Commission

Which of the following statements are true: I. Women have an average life expectancy eight years longer than men. II. Men have an average life expectancy eight years longer than women. III. When compared to men of similar age, women develop more acute and chronic illnesses. a. I only b. I and III only c. II only d. None of the above

b. I and III only

Which of the following is a deductible. a. amount insured must first pay before any benefits by plan are payable (preventive care typically exempt) b. amount insured has to pay out of pocket each time health services are received after the deductible amount has been paid (cost sharing in form of dollar amount) c. cost sharing in percent amount d. Out of pocket max

a. amount insured must first pay before any benefits by plan are payable (preventive care typically exempt)

Presidential leadership in achieving landmark change in health policy can be successful only when: a. The president acts within the first 100 days and commits to his policies b. A convergence of political opportunity, political skill, and commitment occurs c. The president clearly states his policies during his campaign d. A convergence of political agreement, political knowledge, and public support occurs

b. A convergence of political opportunity, political skill, and commitment occurs

Which of the following two principles guide physicians in delivering clinical care? a. Integrity and conscientiousness b. Beneficence and non-maleficence c. Efficiency and efficacy d. Litigiousness and defensiveness e. Quid pro quo and mea culpa

b. Beneficence and non-maleficence

What is not a mechanism for control of the growth of technology? a. Withdraw federal funding for research and development. b. Convince patients that technology is not important to medicine. c. Change medical training to place a greater emphasis on primary care. d. Reduce insurance payments for expensive medical treatments

b. Convince patients that technology is not important to medicine.

Which of the following is not an NPP (Non-Physician Practitioner)? [Chapter 4] a. PA b. DO c. NP d. CNM

b. DO

Which of the following refers to health care information and services offered over the Internet by professionals and nonprofessional alike? a. E-delivery systems b. E-health c. Integrated Internet Systems d. Integrated Health Technology e. Federal Health Services

b. E-health

A vulnerable population is created by predisposing characteristics, need characteristics, and? a. Generational characteristics b. Enabling characteristics c. Poverty characteristics d. Unlucky characteristics

b. Enabling characteristics

What act restricts the legal use of personal medical information for the purposes of health care delivery to the patient, operation of health care organization, and reimbursement? a. Hill-Burton Act b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) c. Medical Assistance Act d. Health Maintenance Organization Act

b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)

Which of the following is true regarding the principle features of U.S. Health Policy. a. The private sector is a subsidiary to the government. b. Healthcare coverage is a privilege. c. The government is left to fill the gap for the people who don't want health insurance.

b. Healthcare coverage is a privilege.

One unintended consequence of new medical technology is: a. More accurate diagnosis b. Higher health care costs c. Improved quality of life d. Faster recovery from surgery e. Increased longevity

b. Higher health care costs

What major piece of health legislation was passed under President Truman? a. Medicare and Medicaid b. Hill-Burton Hospital Construction Act c. National Health Planning and Resource Development Act d. CHIP

b. Hill-Burton Hospital Construction Act

The ______________ Model provides the most complete understanding of what health is. a. Historical b. Holistic c. Organized d. Long-Term e. Environmental

b. Holistic

The federal government has implemented two major policy initiatives for price control. Which areas of healthcare have they targeted? a. Long term and immediate care facilities b. Hospitals and Physicians' services c. Public health clinics d. Hospice and palliative care services e. All of the above

b. Hospitals and Physicians' services

Within the scope of health policy, the American Health Care Association and the American Medical Association are both examples of: a. Employers b. Interest Groups c. Consumer Groups d. Alliances

b. Interest Groups

According to the December 2010 AMA Physician Masterfile, what are the 3 largest groups of active physicians in the U.S.? a. Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine b. Internal Medicine, Family Medicine/General Practice, Pediatrics c. Family Medicine/General Practice, Psychiatry, General Surgery d. Internal Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Anesthesiology

b. Internal Medicine, Family Medicine/General Practice, Pediatrics

What is not a characteristic of a community hospital? a. Open to the general public. b. Long stay: average length of stay >25 days c. Nonfederal d. All are characteristics of a community hospital!

b. Long stay: average length of stay >25 days

Which of the following is not one of the health technology assessment elements? a. Efficacy b. Longevity c. Cost-effectiveness d. Safety e. None of the above

b. Longevity

Who is currently the primary payer for long-term care services? a. Family/Friends b. Medicaid c. Medicare d. Social Security

b. Medicaid

Over the last four decades, most health policy initiatives and legislative efforts have focused on all of these factors EXCEPT for: a. Access to care b. Preventive care c. Quality care d. Costs

b. Preventive care

Health insurance companies are regulated on which level(s)? a. Federal b. State c. Both d. They aren't regulated

b. State

The following are characteristics of the U.S. health care system except: a. High in cost, unequal in access, and average in outcome b. Technology driven delivery system focusing on primary care c. Access to health care services selectively based on insurance coverage d. Legal risks influence practice behavior

b. Technology driven delivery system focusing on primary care (acute care)

What is the definition of quality? a. The ability to obtain needed, affordable, convenient, acceptable, and effective personal health services in a timely manner b. The degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge. c. The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs at a nation, consumer and provider level.

b. The degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge.

Who determines the eligibility criteria for the Medicaid program? a. The federal government b. The state government c. It's determined at the county level d. It can be A or B because Medicaid covers the indigent, and the indigent is defined differently at the federal and state levels.

b. The state government

What is the goal of long term care? a. to help cure people from disabling illness b. to help people achieve functional independence c. to help relieve family members from the primary burden of care d. to provide people with a new social network

b. to help people achieve functional independence

The ACA of 2010 authorized the creation of which of the following type of organizations to deliver care to Medicare patients. a) Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) b) Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) c) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) d) All of the above. e) None of the above.

c) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs)

What type of insurance has dominated the market since the 1990s? a) Individual private insurance b) High-Deductible Health Plans c) Managed Care Plans d) Group insurance

c) Managed Care Plans

What is the most important legislation to control prices for inpatient hospital care? a) Economic Stabilization Act of 1971 b) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 c) Social Security Amendments of 1983 d) None of the above

c) Social Security Amendments of 1983

What percentage of practicing physicians are based in rural settings? a. 50% b. 30% c. 10% d. 80%

c. 10%

Medical Schools began affiliating with universities around... a. 1850 b. 1860 c. 1870 d. 1880 e. 1890

c. 1870

In what year was the Social Security Act passed? a. 1947 b. 1972 c. 1935 d. 1965

c. 1935

What percent of the U.S. population is made up of minorities? a. 7% b. 15% c. 30% d. 42% e. None of the above

c. 30%

Which of these people is elgible for Medicare? a. 64 y/o female with Pancreatic cancer b. 53 y/o male with First stage renal failure c. 50 y/o disabled woman d. 55 y/o with history of Cardiac Incident

c. 50 y/o disabled woman

Private nonprofit hospitals make up approximately what percent of national hospitals? a. 1% b. 15% c. 50% d. 85%

c. 50%

What percentage (roughly) of Rush's payer mix is made up of government funding? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75%

c. 50%

Most developed countries try to limit technology-related medical costs through: a. Death panels b. Corporate sponsorship c. Supply-side rationing d. Using outdated equipment e. All of the above

c. Supply-side rationing

What is the difference between a Doctor of Medicine and a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine? a. Nothing, they are essentially the same b. A Doctor of Medicine always has to go to school longer c. A Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine uses a more holistic approach d. A Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine is not taking as seriously as a Doctor of Medicine

c. A Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine uses a more holistic approach

How will geographic access to healthcare be improved with advances in technology? a. Telecommunication will allow for patients get access to clinicians across state and national boundaries. b. Mobile medical equipment can be transported to rural and remote locations c. A and B d. It wont

c. A and B

What is a "Mobile Office" a. An convenient service where you are able to skype your doctor, addressing any healthcare questions you may have rather than having to physically go into the hospital b. A new app you are able to download to send instant messages to a triage nurse, response time is within 1 hour c. A vehicle that allows patients to walk in at any moment to provide treatment, basically a hospital on wheels d. There is no such thing

c. A vehicle that allows patients to walk in at any moment to provide treatment, basically a hospital on wheels

The Post-Industrial Era saw the addition of this aspect of healthcare that is common today. a. Quality Control b. Alms houses c. Acute infectious diseases d. Globalization e. None of the above

c. Acute infectious diseases

This represents the generic, progressive steps toward the need for long-term care (LTC): a. functional impairment → ADL limitations → Need for LTC → Chronic conditions/comorbidities b. ADL limitations → Need for LTC → Chronic conditions/comorbidities → Functional impairment c. Chronic conditions/comorbidities → Functional impairment → ADL limitations → Need for LTC d. Chronic conditions/comorbidities → ADL limitations → functional impairment → Need for LTC

c. Chronic conditions/comorbidities → Functional impairment → ADL limitations → Need for LTC

74. Medical devices that support life, prevent health impairment, or present a potential risk of illness or injury are classified as a. Class I b. Class II c. Class III d. Class IV

c. Class III

The set percentage that the insured must cover after the minimum out-of-pocket expenses have been paid off is referred to as the: a. Deductible b. Copayment c. Coinsurance d. Premium

c. Coinsurance

58. Which of the following is not an affect of cost sharing? a. Insured assumes part of the risk b. Cost sharing reduces risk for misuse of insurance benefits c. Cost sharing decreases delivery of quality care d. Cost sharing helps the utilization of health care services

c. Cost sharing decreases delivery of quality care

What term refers to the total number of patients released from a hospital's acute care beds during a given period, including those patients who die while in the hospital? a. Average length of stay b. Average daily census c. Discharges d. Occupancy rate

c. Discharges

Which methods and technology are not specified in the World Health Organization's definition of primary care? [Chapter 7] a. Socially Acceptable b. Scientifically Sound c. Genuinely Meaningful d. Practical

c. Genuinely Meaningful

__________ is significantly impacted by U.S. medical technology R & D. a. MedPAC b. The European pharmaceutical supply c. Global health d. The Affordable Care Act e. None of the above

c. Global health

Compared with men of comparable age, women develop a greater number of short and long-term disabilities due to a. Dependency b. Lack of willingness to seek care c. Higher prevalence of acute and chronic illnesses d. All of the above e. None of the above

c. Higher prevalence of acute and chronic illnesses

Which of the following is not a predisposing characteristic of vulnerability? a. Racial characteristics b. Ethnic characteristics c. Homelessness d. Geographic location

c. Homelessness

One reason for the increase in demand for dental services is: a. The fluoridation of the U.S. drinking water supply b. Americans eating a diet rich in fats, oils, and sugar c. Increased availability of employer sponsored dental insurance d. Lower rates of flossing among the American population

c. Increased availability of employer sponsored dental insurance

Which of the following has NOT contributed to the continued rise in health care costs? a. New technologies b. Prescription drugs c. Increasing prevalence of acute diseases d. Aging population e. None. All of the above have contributed.

c. Increasing prevalence of acute diseases

Which is not an attribute of the Da Vinci robot? a. It allows patients to heal faster than other procedures b. It is minimally invasive to patients c. It creates large revenue for the Hospital d. It is used for "routine" procedures such as Appendicitis

c. It creates large revenue for the Hospital

Which of the following procedures is most likely to take place in a tertiary care setting? a. Routine tonsillectomy b. A well child visit to a pediatrician c. Liver transplantation d. A home health aide who visits a patient's home to change dressings

c. Liver transplantation

What are the main implications of healthcare from an Access standpoint? a. Per Capita Cost, Hospital/ ED Utilization Rate, Health Care Expenditure, Medical Bills, Insurance Premiums, Expenses: Salary, Capital, Supplies b. Population Health, Increase likelihood of desired outcomes, Mortality Rate, Readmission Rate, Safe/ Effective Care c. Patient Experience, Likelihood to recommend, Ease of scheduling, Patient Centered, Timely/ Convenient, Equitable

c. Patient Experience, Likelihood to recommend, Ease of scheduling, Patient Centered, Timely/ Convenient, Equitable

Which group of Physicians make up the largest number of physicians in the US? a. Preventative Medicine b. Plastic Surgery c. Primary Care d. OBGYN

c. Primary Care

Which of the following is NOT one of the main five components of health policy? a. Issue raising b. Policy design c. Recommendations from advisers d. Building of public support e. None. All are components of health policy.

c. Recommendations from advisers

The post industrial era of the U.S.'s health care revolution is characterized by: a. Decline of urbanization b. Religious reform c. Reform in medical education d. the curing of cholera

c. Reform in medical education

Short answer: Which type of reimbursement uses historical data to determine how much will be paid out to providers for administering healthcare services?

prospective reimbursement