Developmental Psych Chapter 13: Moral Development, Values, and Religion

In what ways did Kohlberg formulate his theory of moral development?

He interviewed children, giving them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve.

The theorist who developed a theory of moral development that involved three levels was:

Kohlberg

__________ involves changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong.

Moral development

__________ concluded that parent-child relations are less likely than peer relations to advance moral reasoning in young children.

Piaget

__________ is the feeling of obligation to return a favor for a favor.

reciprocity

Heteronomous thinkers believe that rules are:

unchangeable

__________ stresses that children, even very young ones, are motivated to evaluate and make sense of their social world.

Social Domain Theory

According to Kohlberg, as individuals progress through the levels of moral development, their morality:

becomes more internal.

Thirteen-year-old Rilie sneaks out of the house often. She and her friends destroy property, drink alcohol, and smoke cigarettes. Of the following, Rilie would most likely be diagnosed with:

conduct disorder

Those who wish to link the ideas of religion and coping have introduced the concept of __________-making coping.

meaning

What type of development involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interaction with other people?

moral

Most schools do not have a plan for moral education; they provide moral education through a(n) __________ curriculum, or a moral atmosphere.

hidden

Individuals have a moral __________ when moral notions and commitments are central to their life.

identity

Securely attached adolescents are more inclined to adopt the religious orientation of their:

parents

In Kohlberg and Piaget's views of moral development, __________ play the primary role, and __________ provide role-taking opportunities.

peers; parents

Moral __________ is determined by motivation and the rewards and incentives to act in a specific moral way.

performance

What are the three levels of moral thinking, according to Kohlberg?

Conventional Postconventional Preconventional

Carol Gilligan's criticisms of Kohlberg's theory included:

It is based on a male norm It puts abstract principles above relationships It sees the individual standing alone independently making moral decisions

According to Darcia Narváez, mature moral individuals engage in:

Moral self-reflection Moral metacognition Moral self-monitoring

Baumeister and Vohs found four main needs people have to try to make sense of their lives?

Need for self-worth Need for purpose Need for a sense of efficacy Need for values

___________ is an organized set of beliefs, whereas __________ refers to the degree of affiliation with an organized religion.

Religion; religiousness

If a religious change is going to take place it will usually take place during

adolescence

Although finances are tight, William contributes 10 percent of his income to his favorite charity. This is an act of:

altruism

According to Piaget, what type of parenting style would most inhibit the advancement of moral reasoning in young children?

authoritarian

Carol Gilligan's __________ perspective is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.

care

Heteronomous moralists judge the righteousness or goodness of behavior by:

considering its consequences

What are the two main components of the superego?

ego ideal and conscience

Children with serious conduct problems tend to show a(n) __________ pattern of behavior and are often impulsive, overactive, and aggressive.

externalizing

According to Freud, ___________ is the foundation of moral behavior.

guilt

Children at the __________ morality stage of Piaget's moral reasoning view justice and rules as unchangeable and not under the control of people.

heteronomous

Research shows that over the last several years, college-aged students are placing more value on:

self-fulfillment and material gain.

What theory of morality emphasizes a distinction between an individual's moral competence and his or her moral performance?

social cognitive theory

Which theory states that there are different areas of social knowledge and reasoning, including moral, social conventional, and personal domains?

social domain

__________ involves experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others and society.

spirituality

Beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be according to what is important to an individual are:

values