krieger quiz #2

control

In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison

qualitative data

Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic

high standard deviation

data is more spread out from the mean

dependent variable

factor being measured in a controlled experiment

Variability

in a set of numbers, how widely dispersed the values are from each other and from the mean

Quantative data

number data

how to graph standard deviation

put name of things being compared on the bottom add their means and don't forget the error bars

deductive reasoning

reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case Ex- all dogs have ears golden retrievers are dogs therefor they have ears

significantly significant

shows that data isn't the way it is just because of chance but support scientifically

constant

something that does not change through an experiment

scientific law

statement of fact usually as a mathematical formula Ex- newtons law of gravity

scientific theory

summarizes a group of hypotheses supported by evidence Ex- evolution

low standard deviation

the data is closer to the mean

independent variable

the one factor that is changed by the person doing the experiment

null hypothesis

the researcher tried to disprove or reject the hypothesis Ex- there will be no difference in headache relief between people who take Tylenol and those who don't

Hypothesis refuted

when the data isn't supported

Where on a graph does the independent variable go?

x-axis

where on the graph does the dependent variable go

y-axis

3 standard deviations show what % of data

99%

2 standard deviations show what % of data

95%

1 standard deviation shows what % of data

68%

alternate hypothesis

A statement that is accepted if the sample data provide sufficient evidence that the null hypothesis is false. Ex- Tylenol will allow for relief when consumed by patients with headaches

inductive reasoning

A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. Ex- every time you eat spicey food you get a stomach ache therefore spicey food causes a stomach ache

Hypothesis supported

This is when data proves the hypothesis to be true or valid.