krieger quiz #2
control
In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
qualitative data
Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic
high standard deviation
data is more spread out from the mean
dependent variable
factor being measured in a controlled experiment
Variability
in a set of numbers, how widely dispersed the values are from each other and from the mean
Quantative data
number data
how to graph standard deviation
put name of things being compared on the bottom add their means and don't forget the error bars
deductive reasoning
reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case Ex- all dogs have ears golden retrievers are dogs therefor they have ears
significantly significant
shows that data isn't the way it is just because of chance but support scientifically
constant
something that does not change through an experiment
scientific law
statement of fact usually as a mathematical formula Ex- newtons law of gravity
scientific theory
summarizes a group of hypotheses supported by evidence Ex- evolution
low standard deviation
the data is closer to the mean
independent variable
the one factor that is changed by the person doing the experiment
null hypothesis
the researcher tried to disprove or reject the hypothesis Ex- there will be no difference in headache relief between people who take Tylenol and those who don't
Hypothesis refuted
when the data isn't supported
Where on a graph does the independent variable go?
x-axis
where on the graph does the dependent variable go
y-axis
3 standard deviations show what % of data
99%
2 standard deviations show what % of data
95%
1 standard deviation shows what % of data
68%
alternate hypothesis
A statement that is accepted if the sample data provide sufficient evidence that the null hypothesis is false. Ex- Tylenol will allow for relief when consumed by patients with headaches
inductive reasoning
A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. Ex- every time you eat spicey food you get a stomach ache therefore spicey food causes a stomach ache
Hypothesis supported
This is when data proves the hypothesis to be true or valid.