Diabetes #6
A nurse is caring for a school-aged child with type 1 diabetes. There have been problems maintaining euglycemia. What laboratory test does the nurse expect to be prescribed that will reveal the effectiveness of the diabetic regimen over time? Serum glucose Glucose tolerance Fasting blood sugar Glycosylated hemoglobin
glycosylated hemoglobin
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who developed ketoacidosis. Which laboratory value supports the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis? Increased serum lipids Decreased hematocrit level Increased serum calcium levels Decreased blood urea nitrogen level
increased serum lipids
What treatment should the nurse suggest to an adolescent with type 1 diabetes if an insulin reaction is experienced while the adolescent is at a basketball game? "Call your parents immediately." "Buy a soda and hamburger to eat." "Administer insulin as soon as possible." "Leave the arena and rest until the symptoms subside."
"Buy a soda and hamburger to eat."
The nurse is preparing a client who is on metformin therapy and is scheduled to undergo renal computed tomography with contrast dye. What does the nurse anticipate the primary healthcare provider to inform the client regarding the procedure? "Discontinue metformin 1 day prior to procedure." "Discontinue metformin a half-day prior to procedure." "Discontinue metformin 3 days following the procedure." "Discontinue metformin 7 days following the procedure."
"Discontinue metformin 1 day prior to procedure."
A 15-year-old adolescent is found to have type 1 diabetes. What should the nurse include when teaching the adolescent about type 1 diabetes? It does not always require insulin. It involves early vascular changes. It occurs more often in obese adolescents. It has a more rapid onset than does type 2 diabetes.
It has a more rapid onset than does type 2 diabetes.
A nurse plans to teach a fifth-grader with type 1 diabetes, who is receiving both insulin lispro and insulin glargine daily, how to self-administer the insulin. What should the child do when learning to give the injections? Alternate the sites until the best one to use is found. Self-administer the injections after being taught the technique. Draw up the insulin glargine and then draw up the insulin lispro. Learn to use the needle and syringe by practicing on an insulin pad first.
Learn to use the needle and syringe by practicing on an insulin pad first.
The nurse is providing instructions about foot care for a client with diabetes mellitus. What should the nurse include in the instructions? Select all that apply. Wear shoes when out of bed. Soak the feet in warm water daily. Dry between the toes after bathing. Remove corns as soon as they appear. Use a heating pad when the feet feel cold.
Wear shoes when out of bed. Dry between the toes after bathing.
A client with untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus may lapse into a coma because of acidosis. Which component is increased in the blood and a direct cause of acidosis? Ketones Glucose Lactic acid Glutamic acid
ketones
A client with type 1 diabetes self-administers NPH insulin every morning at 8 am. The nurse evaluates that the client understands the action of the insulin when the client identifies which time range as the highest risk for hypoglycemia? Noon to 8 pm 8 pm to noon 9 am to 10 am 10 am to 11 am
noon to 8 pm
A school nurse is teaching a 12-year-old child with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes about the action of insulin injections. What statement indicates that the child understands how insulin works in the body? "Glucose is released as fats break down." "It keeps glucose from being stored in the liver." "Glucose is carried into cells, where it is used for energy." "It stops wasting of blood glucose by converting it to glycogen."
"Glucose is carried into cells, where it is used for energy."
An adolescent with type 1 diabetes who has a history of inadequate adherence to therapy is admitted to the hospital with a blood glucose level of 700 mg/dL (38.9 mmol/L). A continuous insulin infusion is started. What complication should the nurse make a priority of detecting while the adolescent is receiving the infusion? Hypovolemia Hypokalemia Hypernatremia Hypercalcemia
hypokalemia
A 13-year-old child with type 1 diabetes is receiving 15 units of regular insulin and 20 units of NPH insulin at 7:00 AM each day. At what time does the nurse anticipate a hypoglycemic reaction from the NPH insulin to occur? Before noon In the afternoon Within 30 minutes During the evening
in the afternoon
A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. When the primary healthcare provider tries to regulate this client's insulin regimen, the client experiences episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and 15 g of a simple sugar is prescribed. What is the reason this is administered when a client experiences hypoglycemia? Inhibits glycogenesis Stimulates release of insulin Increases blood glucose levels Provides more storage of glucose
increases blood glucose
A nurse is caring for an older client who had non-insulin dependent diabetes for 15 years that progressed to insulin-dependent diabetes 2 years ago. What common complications of diabetes should the nurse assess for when examining this client? Select all that apply. Leg ulcers Loss of visual acuity Increased creatinine clearance Prolonged capillary refill in the toes Decreased sensation in the lower extremities
leg ulcers loss of visual acuity prolonged capillary refill in the toes decreased sensation in the lower extremities
When obtaining the history of a client recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, what will the nurse expect to discover? Edema Anorexia Weight loss Hypoglycemic episodes
weight loss
When teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes about dietary management, what instruction should the nurse include? Meals should be eaten at home. Foods should be weighed on a gram scale. A ready source of glucose should be available. Specific foods should be cooked for the adolescent.
A ready source of glucose should be available.
The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with diabetes. What symptom of hypoglycemia is most common and should be taught to the client? Kussmaul respirations Tachycardia Confusion Anorexia
confusion
A client with type 1 diabetes receives Humulin R insulin in the morning. Shortly before lunch the nurse identifies that the client is diaphoretic and trembling. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? Administer insulin to the client Give the client lunch immediately Encourage the client to drink fluids Assess the client's blood glucose level
Assess the client's blood glucose level
While obtaining the client's health history, which factor does the nurse identify that predisposes the client to type 2 diabetes? Having diabetes insipidus Eating low-cholesterol foods Being 20 pounds (9 kilograms) overweight Drinking a daily alcoholic beverage
Being 20 pounds (9 kilograms) overweight
A client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is told that lifelong insulin will be needed. The client becomes agitated and says, "I am scared of shots. If that is my only option, I'll just have to go into a coma and die!" What is the nurse's best response? "Injections are not the only option available for insulin." "It won't be so bad; you will get used to it if you will only try." "This is one of those times when you need to act like an adult." "Clients have the right to refuse treatment, but I need you to sign this form that removes us from liability for your decision."
"Injections are not the only option available for insulin."
A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes receives information about insulin. The client states, "I hate shots. Why can't I take the insulin in tablet form?" What is the nurse's best response? "Your diabetic condition is too serious for oral insulin." "Insulin is poorly absorbed orally so it is not available in a tablet." "Insulin by mouth causes a high incidence of allergic and adverse reactions." "Once your diabetes is controlled, your physician might consider oral insulin."
"Insulin is poorly absorbed orally so it is not available in a tablet."
A client with type 2 diabetes is taking one oral hypoglycemic tablet daily. The client asks whether an extra tablet should be taken before exercise. What is the best response by the nurse? "You will need to decrease your exercise." "An extra tablet will help your body use glucose correctly." "When taking medicine, your diet will not be affected by exercise." "No, but you should observe for signs of hypoglycemia while exercising."
"No, but you should observe for signs of hypoglycemia while exercising."
A nurse is monitoring a client's laboratory results for a fasting plasma glucose level. Within which range of a fasting plasma glucose level does the nurse conclude that a client is considered to be diabetic? 40 to 60 mg/dL (2.2 to 3.3 mmol/L) 80 to 99 mg/dL (4.5 to 5.5 mmol/L) 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) 126 to 140 mg/dL (7.0 to 7.8 mmol/L)
126 to 140 mg/dL (7.0 to 7.8 mmol/L)
A client feeling increasingly tired seeks medical care. Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed. What causes increased fatigue with type 1 diabetes? Increased metabolism at the cellular level Increased glucose absorption from the intestine Decreased production of insulin by the pancreas Decreased glucose secretion into the renal tubules
decreased production of insulin by the pancreas
A nurse teaches a client with type 2 diabetes how to provide self-care to prevent infections of the feet. Which statement made by the client shows that teaching was effective? "I should massage my feet and legs with oil or lotion." "I should apply heat intermittently to my feet and legs." "I should eat foods high in protein and carbohydrate kilocalories." "I should control my blood glucose with diet, exercise, and medication."
"I should control my blood glucose with diet, exercise, and medication."
A client is prescribed metformin extended release to control type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which statement made by this client indicates the need for further education? "I will take the drug with food." "I must swallow my medication whole and not crush or chew it." "I will notify my doctor if I develop muscular or abdominal discomfort." "I will stop taking metformin for 24 hours before and after having a test involving dye."
"I will stop taking metformin for 24 hours before and after having a test involving dye."
Why does the nurse teach the parents of a young child with type 1 diabetes how to test the child's urine at home during periods of stress or illness, even though blood glucose testing is being done four times a day? Urine should be tested for acetone during illness and when the blood glucose level is increased. Blood glucose testing before meals and at bedtime may be stopped once the child is stabilized on insulin. Urine testing remains the most accurate way to check for a high glucose level if double-voided specimens are used. The short-term glucose level is more accurately reflected in a urine specimen than in a blood specimen, especially in children.
Urine should be tested for acetone during illness and when the blood glucose level is increased.
The nurse is teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes who is prescribed a combination of regular insulin and an intermediate-acting insulin to be administered in the morning and throughout the day. The nurse asks the adolescent at what time of day the second dose of NPH insulin should be administered. Which response by the adolescent demonstrates the teaching has been effective? At lunch At dinnertime 1 hour after lunch 1 hour after dinner
at dinnertime
Daily regular insulin has been prescribed for a client with type 1 diabetes. The nurse administers the insulin at 8 am. When should the nurse monitor the client for a potential hypoglycemic reaction? At breakfast Before lunch Before dinner In the early afternoon
before lunch
A nurse is planning to teach facts about hyperglycemia to a client with diabetes. What information should the nurse include in the discussion about what causes diabetic acidosis? Breakdown of fat stores for energy Ingestion of too many highly acidic foods Excessive secretion of endogenous insulin Increased amounts of cholesterol in the extracellular compartment
breakdown of fat stores for energy
A 17-year-old student with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse which hormone causes the blood glucose level to rise. When responding, the nurse should explain in language that the client can understand that liver glycogenolysis is stimulated by a hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans. Which hormone is this? Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Insulin Glucagon Epinephrine
glucagon
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a 13-year-old adolescent with type 1 diabetes. What test is considered the most accurate in the evaluation of the effectiveness of diet and insulin therapy over time? Blood pH Serum protein level Serum glucose level Glycosylated hemoglobin
glucosylated hemoglobin
In addition to clients who are receiving insulin for type 1 diabetes, the nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia in clients who have which diagnosis? Liver disease Anemia Hyperthyroidism Stage 3 hypertension
liver disease
A 16-year-old adolescent with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes will receive NPH insulin subcutaneously. The nurse teaches the adolescent about peak action of the drug and the risk for hypoglycemia. How many hours after NPH insulin administration does the insulin peak? 1 to 2 hours 2 to 4 hours 5 to 10 hours 4 to 12 hours
4 to 12 hours
The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with diabetes about the importance of glucose monitoring. Which blood glucose levels should the nurse identify as hypoglycemia? 68 mg/dL (3.8 mmol/L) 78 mg/dL (4.3 mmol/L) 88 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) 98 mg/dL (5.4 mmol/L)
68 mg/dL (3.8 mmol/L)
A nurse is caring for an 11-year-old child with type 1 diabetes. Two hours after breakfast the child becomes pale, diaphoretic, and shaky. What action should the nurse take? Notifying the practitioner Administering supplemental insulin Obtaining a current blood glucose level Giving orange juice with a slice of bread
Obtaining a current blood glucose level
A nurse explains to a client with diabetes that self-monitoring of blood glucose is preferred to urine glucose testing. Why is blood glucose monitoring preferred? Blood glucose monitoring is more accurate. Blood glucose monitoring is easier to perform. Blood glucose monitoring is done by the client. Blood glucose monitoring is not influenced by drugs.
Blood glucose monitoring is more accurate.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a 20-year history of type 2 diabetes. The nurse should assess for what physiologic changes associated with a long history of diabetes? Blurry, spotty, or hazy vision Arthritic changes in the hands Hyperactive knee and ankle jerk reflexes Dependent pallor of the feet and lower legs
Blurry, spotty, or hazy vision
While assessing the nails of a client with diabetes, the nurse finds that the skin on the client's hands and feet are dry due to infection. What could be the reason for this dryness? Applying moisturizing lotion between toes Cutting nails after soaking them for 10 minutes in warm water Cutting nails straight across and even with the tops of the fingers or toes Using sharp objects to poke or dig under the toenail or around the cuticle
Cutting nails after soaking them for 10 minutes in warm water
When obtaining a health history from a client recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, the nurse expects the client to report what clinical manifestations? Irritability, polydipsia, and polyuria Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia Nocturia, weight loss, and polydipsia Polyphagia, polyuria, and diaphoresis
Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
A nurse is caring for a client who has had type 1 diabetes for 25 years. The client states, "I have been really bad for the last 15 years. I have not paid attention to my diet and have done little to control my diabetes." What common complications of diabetes might the nurse expect to identify when assessing this client? Select all that apply. Leg ulcers Loss of visual acuity Thick, yellow toenails Increased growth of body hair Decreased sensation in the feet
leg ulcers loss of visual acuity thick, yellow toenails decreased sensation in the feet
A client is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and the health care provider prescribes an oral hypoglycemic. For what side effect should the nurse teach this client to monitor? Ketonuria Weight loss Ketoacidosis Low blood sugar
low blood sugar
A 9-year-old child with type 1 diabetes is prone to having hypoglycemic episodes in the morning. Which intervention would be included in the school nurse's plan of care for this child? Limiting fluid intake during school hours Asking the child each day what was eaten for breakfast Considering the presence of diabetes but treating the child the same as the other children Checking several times a day for injuries because of participation in the physical education program
Asking the child each day what was eaten for breakfast
The nurse is providing teaching to a client who recently has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The nurse reinforces the importance of monitoring for ketoacidosis. What are the signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis? Select all that apply. Confusion Hyperactivity Excessive thirst Fruity-scented breath Decreased urinary output
Confusion Excessive thirst Fruity-scented breath
At 7:00 AM a nurse learns that an adolescent with diabetes had a 6:30 AM fasting blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L). What is the priority nursing action at this time? Encouraging the adolescent to start exercising Asking the adolescent to obtain an immediate glucometer reading Informing the adolescent that a complex carbohydrate such as cheese should be eaten Telling the adolescent that the prescribed dose of rapid-acting insulin should be administered
Telling the adolescent that the prescribed dose of rapid-acting insulin should be administered
A 12-year-old child with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for abdominal surgery. Which factors are most important for the nurse to consider during the postoperative period? Select all that apply. Infection will likely occur at the surgical site. Ketoacidosis frequently occurs later in the postoperative period. The blood glucose level will increase because of the stress of surgery. Urine test results are the most useful gauge of diabetic control after surgery. Diabetic control is usually maintained with insulin after surgery.
The blood glucose level will increase because of the stress of surgery. Diabetic control is usually maintained with insulin after surgery.
A client with diabetes mellitus complains of difficulty seeing. What would the nurse suspect as the causative factor? Lack of glucose in the retina The growth of new retina blood vessels or "neovascularization" Inadequate glucose supply to rods and cones Destructive effect of ketones on retinal metabolism
The growth of new retina blood vessels or "neovascularization"
The nurse provides education about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia to a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The nurse concludes that the teaching was effective when the client acknowledges the need to drink orange juice when experiencing which symptoms? Nervous and weak Thirsty with a headache Flushed and short of breath Nausea and abdominal cramps
nervous and weak
After assessing a client's condition, the nurse suspects that the client has diabetes mellitus. Which statement made by the client would be most appropriate in helping the nurse reach this conclusion? Select all that apply. "I am 55 years old." "I quite often feel thirsty." "I eat food every 2 hours." "I have excessive sweating." "I sometimes experience shortness of breath."
"I am 55 years old." "I quite often feel thirsty." "I eat food every 2 hours."
A nurse is planning to teach a 9-year-old child with type 1 diabetes to perform blood glucose monitoring. What information does the nurse use as a basis for the teaching? Learning progresses on a continual line upward but may need refresher courses intermittently. A child this age is too young to learn this skill so teaching is geared toward the adults in the child's life. A child this age can maintain the glucose level in the normal range by changing insulin needs accordingly. There must be adequate teaching for the child to learn and then additional teaching of adults surrounding this child throughout the day.
A child this age can maintain the glucose level in the normal range by changing insulin needs accordingly.
A client with type 1 diabetes complains of hunger, thirst, tiredness, and frequent urination. Based on these findings, the nurse should take what action? Notify the physician immediately about the client's symptoms. Determine the client's blood glucose level. Administer the client's prescribed insulin. Give the client a peanut butter and graham cracker snack.
Determine the client's blood glucose level.
The regulation of type 1 diabetes in an 8-year-old child is best attained with a combination of therapeutic modalities in addition to the administration of insulin. Which modalities should a nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. Dietary control Regular exercise Urine testing for glucose Blood glucose monitoring Use of oral hypoglycemic agents
Dietary control Regular exercise Blood glucose monitoring
Which clinical findings should cause the nurse to suspect that an adolescent child with type 1 diabetes is hypoglycemic? Increased thirst, sleepiness, and nausea Confusion, dry mouth, and diminished reflexes Difficulty concentrating, hunger, and diaphoresis Flushed face, deep breathing, and abdominal pain
Difficulty concentrating, hunger, and diaphoresis
A nurse is caring for a school-aged child with type 1 diabetes and determines that the child is experiencing an episode of hyperglycemia. What assessments led the nurse to this conclusion? Select all that apply Irritability Dry skin Diaphoresis Increased thirst Deep, rapid breathing
Dry skin Increased thirst Deep, rapid breathing
One principle to be followed for children with type 1 diabetes is to provide for the variability of the child's activity. What should the nurse teach the child about how to compensate for increased physical activity? Eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual. Take insulin in the morning when extra exercise is anticipated. Eat foods that contain sugar to compensate for the extra exercise. Take an oral hypoglycemic, not injectable insulin, on days of heavy exercise.
Eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual.
A nurse is formulating a teaching plan for a client recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. What interventions should the nurse include to decrease the risk of complications? Select all that apply. Examine the feet daily Wear well-fitting shoes Perform regular exercise Powder the feet after showering Visit the primary healthcare provider weekly Test bathwater with the toes before bathing
Examine the feet daily Wear well-fitting shoes Perform regular exercise
Four hours after surgery, the blood glucose level of a client who has type 1 diabetes is elevated. What intervention should the nurse implement? Administer an oral hypoglycemic Institute urine glucose monitoring Give supplemental doses of regular insulin Decrease the rate of the intravenous infusion
Give supplemental doses of regular insulin
While a nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about food choices, the client states, "I do not like broccoli." Which food should the nurse suggest to substitute for broccoli? Peas Corn Green beans Mashed potato
Green Beans
The nurse concludes that a client with type 1 diabetes is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which responses support this conclusion? Select all that apply. Vomiting Headache Tachycardia Cool, clammy skin Increased respirations
Headache Tachycardia Cool, clammy skin
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who developed ketoacidosis. Which laboratory value supports the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis? Decreased serum glucose levels Decreased serum calcium levels Increased blood urea nitrogen levels Increased serum bicarbonate levels
Increased blood urea nitrogen levels
A nurse is caring for several clients with type 1 diabetes, and they each have a prescription for a specific type of insulin. Which insulin does the nurse conclude has the fastest onset of action? NPH insulin Insulin lispro Regular insulin Insulin glargine
Insulin lispro
A nurse is discussing insulin needs with an adolescent with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes. What information is important for the nurse to include concerning insulin administration? Insulin will be required throughout life. Insulin may be taken orally until adulthood. Insulin needs increase with strenuous exercise. Insulin needs decrease in the presence of an infection.
Insulin will be required throughout life.
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus. What is the primary fluid shift that occurs with this condition? Intravascular to interstitial because of glycosuria Interstitial to extracellular because of hypoproteinemia Intracellular to intravascular because of hyperosmolarity Intercellular to intravascular because of increased hydrostatic pressure
Intracellular to intravascular because of hyperosmolarity
A client who is 60 pounds (27.2 kilograms) more than the ideal body weight is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Which concept should the nurse include in teaching about diabetes when discussing strategies to lose weight? Obesity leads to insulin resistance. Surplus fat causes excretion of insulin. Fat cells absorb insulin and prevent its circulation to other cells. Lipids accumulate in the pancreas and interfere with insulin production.
Obesity leads to insulin resistance.
A nurse plans to teach a school-aged child with type 1 diabetes who is receiving both intermediate-acting insulin (Novolin N) and regular insulin (Novolin R) daily how to self-administer the insulin before discharge. What should the nurse teach the child? Practice using the nonmedicated insulin pen first. Alternate sites until the best one to use is found. Draw up the Novolin N first and then draw up the regular insulin. Self-inject the insulin immediately after being taught the technique.
Practice using the nonmedicated insulin pen first.
While hospitalized, a client with diabetes is observed picking at calluses on the feet. Which intervention should the nurse implement immediately? Warn the client of the danger of infection Suggest that the client wear white cotton socks Teach the client the importance of effective foot care Check the client's shoes for their fit in the area of the calluses
Teach the client the importance of effective foot care
The nurse provides education related to manifestations of hyperglycemia to a client with type 1 diabetes. Which signs and symptoms identified by the client indicate that the teaching was effective? Select all that apply. Thirst Headache Nervousness Fruity breath odor Excessive urination
Thirst Fruity breath odor Excessive urination
A client is diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. What is a priority teaching goal for the client? To perform foot care daily To administer insulin as prescribed To test urine for both sugar and acetone To identify pending hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
To identify pending hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is taught to exercise on a regular basis. What is the primary reason for instruction on exercise? To decrease insulin sensitivity To stimulate glucagon production To improve the cellular uptake of glucose To reduce metabolic requirements for glucose
To improve the cellular uptake of glucose
When assessing the laboratory values of a client with type 2 diabetes, what would the nurse expect the results to reveal? Ketones in the blood but not in the urine Glucose in the urine but not in the blood Urine and blood positive for glucose and ketones Urine negative for ketones and positive glucose in the blood
Urine negative for ketones and positive glucose in the blood
A 9-year-old child with type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with deep, rapid respirations; flushed, dry cheeks; abdominal pain with nausea; and increased thirst. What laboratory findings is the nurse most likely to observe? pH 7.25; glucose 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) pH 7.50; glucose 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) pH 7.25; glucose 460 mg/dL (25.5 mmol/L) pH 7.50; glucose 460 mg/dL (25.5 mmol/L)
pH 7.25; glucose 460 mg/dL (25.5 mmol/L)
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus who is scheduled to receive an intravenous (IV) administration of 25 units of insulin in 250 mL normal saline. What does the nurse recognize as the only type of insulin that is compatible with intravenous solutions? NPH insulin Insulin lispro Regular insulin Insulin glargine
regular insulin
The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with diabetes. When preparing the teaching plan about the importance of yearly eye examinations, the nurse should instruct the client on which eye problem most associated with diabetes? Cataracts Glaucoma Retinopathy Astigmatism
retinopathy
The nurse is counseling a client with type 1 diabetes about the client's favorite foods that are lowest in carbohydrates (CHO). Which food choice picked by the client determines that teaching was effective? Skim milk Apple juice Nonfat yogurt Fresh orange juice
skim milk