Diencephalon

What are the three sections of the hypothalamus?

1. Anterior 2. Tuberal 3. Posterior

What week of embryonic life does the diencephalon differentiate from the forebrain?

5th week of intrauterine life

If you lesion these nuclei, what deficit do you see?

Diabetes insipidus (pee super)--polydipsia and polyuria

Lesion in the suprachiasmatic nuclei?

Seasonal affective disorder

Tuberal region 2? Function? Lesion?

Ventromedial nucleus, promotes satiety, obesity (LoVE me Obese: ventromedial produces obesity)

What does the thalamus process?

all sensory information except for olfaction

What nucleus is contained in the anterior group of the thalamus?

anterior nucleus

Tuberal region 1 nucleus? Function? Lesion?

arcuate nucleus, secreoty activities of cells in posterior pituitary, amenorrhea and galactorrhea

Anterior nucleus

connects mamillary body to the limbic system

LGB and MGB input and function

contralateral visual fields and ear so helps with vision and auditory

What is the function of the subthalamus?

coordinates the basal ganglia, midbrain reticular formation, thalamus and cerebral cortex in motor control

What nucleus is contained in the medial group of the thalamus?

dorsomedial nucleus

When is melatonin levles high?

during darkness (low during the light)

What interconnects each habenula?

habenular commissure

What effect does melatonin have on gonadotropic hormones?

inhibitory

What divides the thalamus into three groups?

internal medullary lamina

What is the function of the pineal gland?

involved in season cycles and secretes melatonin

What fibers does the stria medullaris thalmi receive?

limbic fibers

Function of Habenula

mediates fear responses that drive autonomic functions

What is the subthalamus a continuation of?

midbrain tegmentum into the diencephalon

VA and VL

motor function from the cerebellum and basal ganglia; purposeful planning, initiation and coordination of movement

What does the optic stalk and optic cup become?

optic nerve and the retina

Parinaud syndrome

paralysis of upward gaze

How is it attached to the roof of the third ventricle?

pineal stalk

VPL and VPM input and function

sensory from body and head; touch, pressure, pain and temperature

What is the function of the suprachiasmatic nuclei?

setting the 24 hours light dark circadian rhythm

If I lesioned the suprachiasmatic nucleus what will I disturb?

sleep-wake cycle

What is the ventricle of the diencephalon?

third ventricle

What is the two groups of the ventral posterior?

1. Ventral posterior lateral 2. ventral posterior medial

What is the four main roles of the thalamus?

1. associative 2. relay 3. regulatory 4. gatekeeping

What are the four parts of the diencephalon?

1. epithalamus 2. subthalamus 3. hypothalamus 4. thalamus

What is the order of the habenular pathway?

1. fibers from limbic system project to the stria medullaris thalami 2. the stria medullaris thalmi sends fibers to the habenula 3. the habenula sends fibers to the interpeduncular nuclei via the habenulointerpeduncular tract to create an autonomic reaction

What hormones does the pineal gland secrete?

1. melatonin 2. serotonin 3. cholecystikinin

What happens when you damage the superior and inferior colliculi?

1. parinaud syndrome 2. disorder of saccadic movement of eyes 3. disorder of consensual pupillary light reflex

What structures does the epithalamus consist of?

1. pineal gland 2. habenular

What happens if I have enlargement of the pineal gland?

1. precocious puberty 2. damage to superior and inferior colliculi 3. blockage of cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius causing non-communicating hydrocephalus 4. occulomotor and trochlea nerve palsies

What are the three dorsal subgroups of the lateral group?

1. pulvinar 2. lateral posterior 3. lateral dorsal

What is the circuitous retino-suprachiasmatic pineal pathway?

1. retina 2. suprachiastmatic nucleus 3. reticular formation 4. intermediolateral neurons of spinal cord 5. superior cervical ganglion 6. pineal gland

What are some of the major functions of the diencephalon?

1. sensory integration 2. motor integration 3. emotional integration 4. behavior integration 5. sleep-wafefulness 6. autonomic control 7. homeostatic balance

What does the subthalamus consist of?

1. subthalamic nuclei 2. zona incerta 3. rostral extensions of the red nucleus and substantia nigra

What nuclei are seen in the first anterior part of the hypothalamus?

1. supraoptic 2. paraventricular

What is the ventral subgroups of the lateral group of the thalamus?

1. ventral anterior 2. ventral lateral This is all motor control 3. ventral posterior (sensory)

At what age do we have calcification of the pineal gland?

17 onwards

Nucleus in the third region of the anterior part of the hypothalamus, function, and lesion?

Anterior nucleus, mediates heat dissipation, AN-HYdrosis, (anterior nucleus lesion gives anhydrosis and hyperthermia)

Posterior region 1? Function?Lesion?

Mamillary bodies, control of memory, emotion and drive, produces disorder of memory, affect, emotion and drive

Posterior Region 2? Function? Lesion?

Posterior nucleus, mediates heat conservation by sensing a decrease in the body temperature, poikilothermia

The pineal gland is a circumventricular organ which means?

That it lacks a blood brain barrier

What nuclei do you see in the 2nd anterior part of the hypothalamus?

suprachiasmatic

What part of the brain does the pineal gland lie on top of?

tectal part