Diet and Nutrition Module 2 Chapter 7 Energy Metabolism
The _______ is the most active processing center in the body
Liver
Which organ is the primary site for alcohol metabolism? a. Stomach b. Liver c. Kidneys d. Muscle tissue
Liver
Which category includes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins? a.Macronutrients b.Electrolytes c.Vitamins and minerals d.Micronutrients e.Fat-soluble vitamins
Macronutrients
In the video, Dr. Berg gives a simplistic definition of insulin to make it a more accessible concept for the audience. Generally, this is a great thing to do to get quality health information to a wide audience. In this instance, Dr. Berg translated insulin to be a hormone that ________. a. decreases blood glucose after a meal as part of normal blood glucose regulation b. makes a person fat c. is a normal hormone produced during digestion d. is a hormone made by the pancreas
Makes a person fat
The final, common metabolic pathway for carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids
TCA cycle
What is the outcome of amino acids if someone overeats protein and kcalories in general? a. The amino acids are stored as fat. b. The amino acids are excreted as a waste product. c. The amino acids are stored as glucose. d. The amino acids are converted to muscle tissue.
The amino acids are stored as fat
For complete oxidation, acetyl CoA enters______
the TCA cycle
is the high-energy compound that provides the energy that powers all the activities of living cells.
ATP
Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Fatty Acids
Acetyl CoA, Fat
Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Ketogenic amino acids
Acetyl CoA, Fat
Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Glucose
Acetyl CoA, Pyruvate, Lactate, Glucose, Fat
Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Glycerol
Acetyl CoA, Pyruvate, Lactate, Glucose, Fat
Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Glucogenic amino acids
Acetyl CoA, Pyruvate, lactate, Glucose, Fat
Biking 10 miles
Aerobic
Which statement accurately describes ketones? a. Ketosis increases appetite. b. The pH of the blood rises when someone is in ketosis. c. After ten days of fasting, ketones will meet much of the nervous system's energy needs. d. Individuals lose fat quicker on low-carbohydrate diets compared to other weight loss plans.
After 10 days of fasting, ketones will meet much of the nervous system's energy needs.
What is the source of the glucose needed by the brain and red blood cells when glycogen stores become depleted after a 24-hour fast? a. Fatty acids b. Ketone bodies c. Amino acids d. Oxalacetate
Amino acids
Gluconeogenesis is the process of making glucose from _______and _______ when glycogen stores become depleted during a fast.
Amino acids, glycerol
According to Dr. Berg, intermittent fasting is not a diet, but _________. a. a way of life b. a medical process c. an eating pattern d. a dangerous fad
An eating pattern
Requires energy
Anabolism
High-intensity kick-boxing for 3 minutes
Anaerobic
Identify the body's fuel source as its metabolic pathways shift from feasting to fasting. Energy for the brain and nervous system after about 24 hours of starvation
Body Fat stores, Body Protein
Identify the body's fuel source as its metabolic pathways shift from feasting to fasting. Energy for the body after about 24 hours of starvation
Body fat stores, body protein
Glycolysis is the process of _____. a.absorbing glucose through the intestine b.breaking down glycogen into fat c.breaking down protein into amino acids d.eliminating unwanted glucose from the body e.breaking down glucose into pyruvate
Breaking down glucose into pyruvate
Metabolism is defined as the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the body, including _________reactions that break apart larger molecules into smaller molecules and _______reactions that convert smaller molecules into larger ones.
Catabolic, anabolic
Breaks down glycerol
Catabolism
Hydrolysis occurs
Catabolism
Releases energy
Catabolism
Many enzymes cannot function without the assistance of a
Coenzyme
Which of the following fat-formation pathways is the most efficient and direct? a. Conversion of sucrose to adipose tissue b. Conversion of dietary carbohydrates to body fat c. Conversion of dietary fat to body fat d. Conversion of dietary protein to adipose tissue
Conversion of dietary fat to body fat
The final pathway in energy metabolism, where ATP is made
Electron transport chain
The amount of energy that cells expend to fulfill essential life functions is about 25 percent of all energy consumed by a healthy adult each day.
False
The small intestine is the most active nutrient-processing organ in the human body.
False
True or False? Because intermittent fasting is an eating pattern, not a diet, Dr. Berg doesn't give any dietary recommendations.
False
True or False? This video was posted in May 2017 and that makes it cutting edge meaning it provides accurate health and nutrition information.
False
When energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which of the following can lead to an enlargement of fat cells? a. Ketone bodies b. Fat only c. Carbohydrate only d. Fat, carbohydrate, and protein
Fat, carbohydrate, and protein
Which statement is NOT true about energy metabolism? a. Carbohydrates, protein, and fat can be broken down into acetyl CoA. b. Acetyl CoA can enter the TCA cycle or make fat. c. Fatty acids can be used to make glucose. d. Some amino acids, pyruvate, and glycerol can be used to make glucose.
Fatty acids can be used to make glucose
Binge drinking is defined as the consumption of ____________ on a single occasion that raises blood alcohol concentration to 0.08 percent or higher. a. One to two drinks b. Four to five drinks c. Six to seven drinks d. Eight to nine drinks
Four to Five drinks
The body derives most of its energy from____ and _____
Glucose and fatty acids
Which of the following metabolic processes occurs during the first 2 to 3 hours of fasting? a. Fat cells are depleted of their nutrient components. b. Amino acids are taken from muscle tissue. c. Glucose is released from the adipose tissue. d. Glucose is released from the liver, and fatty acids are released from the adipose tissue.
Glucose is released from the liver, and fatty acids are released from the adipose tissue
Identify the body's fuel source as its metabolic pathways shift from feasting to fasting. Energy for the brain and nervous system 2 to 3 hours after eating a meal
Glycogen Stores
Identify the body's fuel source as its metabolic pathways shift from feasting to fasting. Energy for the body 2 to 3 hours after eating a meal
Glycogen Stores, Body fat Stores, body protein
The pathway that ends in the production of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)
Glycolysis
What is the order of the four steps that may be used to convert a macronutrient into energy? a.Glucose, ATP, pyruvate, energy b.Sugar, glucose, glycolysis, pyruvate c.Glycolysis, TCA cycle, intermediate step, energy d.Sugar, glucose, pyruvate, ATP e.Glycolysis, intermediate step, TCA cycle, electron transport chain
Glycolysis, intermediate step, TCA cycle, electron transport chain
Which statement accurately describes glycolysis? a. It results in the formation of pyruvate. b. It requires oxygen. c. It converts acetyl coenzyme A into pantothenic acid. d. It results in the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. e. It results in the formation of ketones.
It results in the formation of pyruvate
When a person begins to drink alcohol, which of the following functions are the first to be affected? a. Judgment and reasoning b. Speech and vision c. Voluntary muscle control d. Respiration and heart function
Judgment and reasoning
What is the alternative fuel source produced during a prolonged fast? a. Coenzyme b. Glycerol c. Pyruvate d. Ketone bodies
Ketone Bodies
_______are acidic compounds produced by the liver when glycogen is depleted.
Ketone bodies
Which product is made from pyruvate when oxygen is limited? a. Lactic acid b. Oxaloacetate c. Acetyl CoA d. Glycerol
Lactic acid
Which compound plays a pivotal role in both the first and last steps of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle? a. Oxalate b. Pyruvate c. Oxaloacetate d. Acetyl CoA e. Glycerol
Oxaloacetate
The electron transport chain consists of a series of _____ that serve as electron carriers. a. Carbon compounds b. Fat molecules c. Proteins d. Hydrogen ions
Proteins
In which part of the cell is lipid synthesized
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Which metabolic pathway is not reversible
The step from pyruvate to acetyl CoA
Janelle always feels more "tipsy" than her same-size boyfriend after drinking the same amount of alcohol. Which organ produces more alcohol dehydrogenase in men, explaining Janelle's observation? a. The brain b. The liver c. The stomach d. The kidneys
The stomach
Which pathway accurately describes what happens if excessive amounts of protein are consumed? a. They are made into protein and stored in the muscle. b. They are stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle. c. They are deaminated and made into either ATP or fat. d. They are excreted in the urine.
They are deaminated and made into either ATP or fat
Which statement is true of mitochondria inside the human body? a. They function as a constituent part of cell membranes. b. They help to assemble amino acids into proteins. c. They are located in the nucleus. d. They are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell. e. They are located outside the cytoplasm.
They are known as the powerhouse of the cell
Which of the following is true of anabolic reactions? a. They convert small molecules to larger ones. b. They release energy. c. They increase the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. d. They break down proteins into amino acids. e. They regulate the passage of molecules in and out of a cell.
They convert small molecules to larger ones
Which statement is true of anaerobic reactions? a. They occur slowly. b. They require oxygen. c. They do not require oxygen. d. They occur when a person is sedentary. e. They can be sustained for long periods of time.
They do not require oxygen
What is the key element in catabolic reactions? a. They are irreversible. b. They release energy. c. They require different amounts of energy to proceed. d. They are condensation reactions. e. They cause digestive enzymes to be released.
They release energy
Alcohol affects every organ in the body, but it is especially damaging to the liver.
True
Fat cells enlarge if excess carbohydrate, protein, or fat is consumed.
True
True or False? The overall goal of intermittent fasting is to go 20 hours without eating, eat within a four-hour window, and pair this eating pattern with an exercise regimen.
True
When carbohydrates are unavailable, proteins can be converted to glucose.
True
Assembles proteins
anabolism