Diet and Nutrition Module 2 Chapter 7 Energy Metabolism

The _______ is the most active processing center in the body

Liver

Which organ is the primary site for alcohol metabolism? a. Stomach b. Liver c. Kidneys d. Muscle tissue

Liver

Which category includes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins? a.Macronutrients b.Electrolytes c.Vitamins and minerals d.Micronutrients e.Fat-soluble vitamins

Macronutrients

In the video, Dr. Berg gives a simplistic definition of insulin to make it a more accessible concept for the audience. Generally, this is a great thing to do to get quality health information to a wide audience. In this instance, Dr. Berg translated insulin to be a hormone that ________. a. decreases blood glucose after a meal as part of normal blood glucose regulation b. makes a person fat c. is a normal hormone produced during digestion d. is a hormone made by the pancreas

Makes a person fat

The final, common metabolic pathway for carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids

TCA cycle

What is the outcome of amino acids if someone overeats protein and kcalories in general? a. The amino acids are stored as fat. b. The amino acids are excreted as a waste product. c. The amino acids are stored as glucose. d. The amino acids are converted to muscle tissue.

The amino acids are stored as fat

For complete oxidation, acetyl CoA enters______

the TCA cycle

is the high-energy compound that provides the energy that powers all the activities of living cells.

ATP

Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Fatty Acids

Acetyl CoA, Fat

Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Ketogenic amino acids

Acetyl CoA, Fat

Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Glucose

Acetyl CoA, Pyruvate, Lactate, Glucose, Fat

Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Glycerol

Acetyl CoA, Pyruvate, Lactate, Glucose, Fat

Identify which compounds can be formed during metabolism from each fuel source. Glucogenic amino acids

Acetyl CoA, Pyruvate, lactate, Glucose, Fat

Biking 10 miles

Aerobic

Which statement accurately describes ketones? a. Ketosis increases appetite. b. The pH of the blood rises when someone is in ketosis. c. After ten days of fasting, ketones will meet much of the nervous system's energy needs. d. Individuals lose fat quicker on low-carbohydrate diets compared to other weight loss plans.

After 10 days of fasting, ketones will meet much of the nervous system's energy needs.

What is the source of the glucose needed by the brain and red blood cells when glycogen stores become depleted after a 24-hour fast? a. Fatty acids b. Ketone bodies c. Amino acids d. Oxalacetate

Amino acids

Gluconeogenesis is the process of making glucose from _______and _______ when glycogen stores become depleted during a fast.

Amino acids, glycerol

According to Dr. Berg, intermittent fasting is not a diet, but _________. a. a way of life b. a medical process c. an eating pattern d. a dangerous fad

An eating pattern

Requires energy

Anabolism

High-intensity kick-boxing for 3 minutes

Anaerobic

Identify the body's fuel source as its metabolic pathways shift from feasting to fasting. Energy for the brain and nervous system after about 24 hours of starvation

Body Fat stores, Body Protein

Identify the body's fuel source as its metabolic pathways shift from feasting to fasting. Energy for the body after about 24 hours of starvation

Body fat stores, body protein

Glycolysis is the process of _____. a.absorbing glucose through the intestine b.breaking down glycogen into fat c.breaking down protein into amino acids d.eliminating unwanted glucose from the body e.breaking down glucose into pyruvate

Breaking down glucose into pyruvate

Metabolism is defined as the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the body, including _________reactions that break apart larger molecules into smaller molecules and _______reactions that convert smaller molecules into larger ones.

Catabolic, anabolic

Breaks down glycerol

Catabolism

Hydrolysis occurs

Catabolism

Releases energy

Catabolism

Many enzymes cannot function without the assistance of a

Coenzyme

Which of the following fat-formation pathways is the most efficient and direct? a. Conversion of sucrose to adipose tissue b. Conversion of dietary carbohydrates to body fat c. Conversion of dietary fat to body fat d. Conversion of dietary protein to adipose tissue

Conversion of dietary fat to body fat

The final pathway in energy metabolism, where ATP is made

Electron transport chain

The amount of energy that cells expend to fulfill essential life functions is about 25 percent of all energy consumed by a healthy adult each day.

False

The small intestine is the most active nutrient-processing organ in the human body.

False

True or False? Because intermittent fasting is an eating pattern, not a diet, Dr. Berg doesn't give any dietary recommendations.

False

True or False? This video was posted in May 2017 and that makes it cutting edge meaning it provides accurate health and nutrition information.

False

When energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which of the following can lead to an enlargement of fat cells? a. Ketone bodies b. Fat only c. Carbohydrate only d. Fat, carbohydrate, and protein

Fat, carbohydrate, and protein

Which statement is NOT true about energy metabolism? a. Carbohydrates, protein, and fat can be broken down into acetyl CoA. b. Acetyl CoA can enter the TCA cycle or make fat. c. Fatty acids can be used to make glucose. d. Some amino acids, pyruvate, and glycerol can be used to make glucose.

Fatty acids can be used to make glucose

Binge drinking is defined as the consumption of ____________ on a single occasion that raises blood alcohol concentration to 0.08 percent or higher. a. One to two drinks b. Four to five drinks c. Six to seven drinks d. Eight to nine drinks

Four to Five drinks

The body derives most of its energy from____ and _____

Glucose and fatty acids

Which of the following metabolic processes occurs during the first 2 to 3 hours of fasting? a. Fat cells are depleted of their nutrient components. b. Amino acids are taken from muscle tissue. c. Glucose is released from the adipose tissue. d. Glucose is released from the liver, and fatty acids are released from the adipose tissue.

Glucose is released from the liver, and fatty acids are released from the adipose tissue

Identify the body's fuel source as its metabolic pathways shift from feasting to fasting. Energy for the brain and nervous system 2 to 3 hours after eating a meal

Glycogen Stores

Identify the body's fuel source as its metabolic pathways shift from feasting to fasting. Energy for the body 2 to 3 hours after eating a meal

Glycogen Stores, Body fat Stores, body protein

The pathway that ends in the production of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)

Glycolysis

What is the order of the four steps that may be used to convert a macronutrient into energy? a.Glucose, ATP, pyruvate, energy b.Sugar, glucose, glycolysis, pyruvate c.Glycolysis, TCA cycle, intermediate step, energy d.Sugar, glucose, pyruvate, ATP e.Glycolysis, intermediate step, TCA cycle, electron transport chain

Glycolysis, intermediate step, TCA cycle, electron transport chain

Which statement accurately describes glycolysis? a. It results in the formation of pyruvate. b. It requires oxygen. c. It converts acetyl coenzyme A into pantothenic acid. d. It results in the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. e. It results in the formation of ketones.

It results in the formation of pyruvate

When a person begins to drink alcohol, which of the following functions are the first to be affected? a. Judgment and reasoning b. Speech and vision c. Voluntary muscle control d. Respiration and heart function

Judgment and reasoning

What is the alternative fuel source produced during a prolonged fast? a. Coenzyme b. Glycerol c. Pyruvate d. Ketone bodies

Ketone Bodies

_______are acidic compounds produced by the liver when glycogen is depleted.

Ketone bodies

Which product is made from pyruvate when oxygen is limited? a. Lactic acid b. Oxaloacetate c. Acetyl CoA d. Glycerol

Lactic acid

Which compound plays a pivotal role in both the first and last steps of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle? a. Oxalate b. Pyruvate c. Oxaloacetate d. Acetyl CoA e. Glycerol

Oxaloacetate

The electron transport chain consists of a series of _____ that serve as electron carriers. a. Carbon compounds b. Fat molecules c. Proteins d. Hydrogen ions

Proteins

In which part of the cell is lipid synthesized

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Which metabolic pathway is not reversible

The step from pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Janelle always feels more "tipsy" than her same-size boyfriend after drinking the same amount of alcohol. Which organ produces more alcohol dehydrogenase in men, explaining Janelle's observation? a. The brain b. The liver c. The stomach d. The kidneys

The stomach

Which pathway accurately describes what happens if excessive amounts of protein are consumed? a. They are made into protein and stored in the muscle. b. They are stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle. c. They are deaminated and made into either ATP or fat. d. They are excreted in the urine.

They are deaminated and made into either ATP or fat

Which statement is true of mitochondria inside the human body? a. They function as a constituent part of cell membranes. b. They help to assemble amino acids into proteins. c. They are located in the nucleus. d. They are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell. e. They are located outside the cytoplasm.

They are known as the powerhouse of the cell

Which of the following is true of anabolic reactions? a. They convert small molecules to larger ones. b. They release energy. c. They increase the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. d. They break down proteins into amino acids. e. They regulate the passage of molecules in and out of a cell.

They convert small molecules to larger ones

Which statement is true of anaerobic reactions? a. They occur slowly. b. They require oxygen. c. They do not require oxygen. d. They occur when a person is sedentary. e. They can be sustained for long periods of time.

They do not require oxygen

What is the key element in catabolic reactions? a. They are irreversible. b. They release energy. c. They require different amounts of energy to proceed. d. They are condensation reactions. e. They cause digestive enzymes to be released.

They release energy

Alcohol affects every organ in the body, but it is especially damaging to the liver.

True

Fat cells enlarge if excess carbohydrate, protein, or fat is consumed.

True

True or False? The overall goal of intermittent fasting is to go 20 hours without eating, eat within a four-hour window, and pair this eating pattern with an exercise regimen.

True

When carbohydrates are unavailable, proteins can be converted to glucose.

True

Assembles proteins

anabolism