Difference between reducing valve and regulator, operation of flow restrictors, Bourdon gauges, and Thorpe tubes, effects of downstream pressure on meters, laboratory value that increases during hypoxia, clinical signs of mild/moderate and severe hypoxia,

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Minimum criterion for checking O2 delivery system

Once per day, more frequent checks for susceptible systems

Precautions of oxygen therapy

Oxygen toxicity, Depression of ventilation, Retinopathy of prematurity, Absorption atelectasis

Downstream pressure effects on compensated Thorpe tubes

Prevents changes in downstream resistance from affecting meter accuracy

Flow resistance

Principle on which flow restrictor operates

Pressure compensated Thorpe tube

Thorpe tube calibrated at 50-psig to prevent downstream resistance affecting accuracy

Pressure uncompensated Thorpe tube

Thorpe tube calibrated in liters per minute at atmospheric pressure

Nasal cannula oxygen percentages

1L = 24%, 2L = 28%, 3L = 32%, 5L = 40%, 6L = 44%

Minimum flow to flush CO2 from a Hood

8 L/min

Measured laboratory value that increases during hypoxia

Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)

Regulator

Combination of flow meter and reducing valve to control pressure and flow

Bourdon gauge

Fixed-orifice, variable-pressure flow meter used with adjustable pressure-reducing valve

Best method of providing controlled oxygen therapy to an infant

Hoods and Blender

Administering oxygen to adults, children, and infants

Hoods, Worm, NC, Incubator

Downstream pressure effects on uncompensated Thorpe tubes

Increase in downstream pressure causes tube to show lower flow than actually delivered

Downstream pressure effects on Bourdon gauge

Increase in downstream pressure decreases pressure difference across orifice and actual output flow

Complications of oxygen therapy

Infiltrates in lung parenchyma, Oxygen-induced hypercapnia, Retinal vasoconstriction and necrosis, Absorption atelectasis

AAP recommendation for minimizing risk of ROP

Maintain arterial PO2 less than 80 mmHg

Quantify gas flow

Measure gas flow through a tube

Partial mask oxygen therapy

Minimum flow is 10 L/min, keep at least 2/3 full

Administering heliox therapy

Non-rebreathing mask attached to heliox cylinder for upper airway obstruction, croup, laryngeal edema, severe asthma

Reducing valve

Reduces gas pressure in a system

Flow restrictor

Simplest and least expensive flow meter device with fixed orifice

COPD oxygen therapy

Start with 2L, increase later

Clinical signs of severe hypoxia

Tachypnea, Dyspnea, Cyanosis, Tachycardia, Eventual bradycardia, Arrhythmia, Hypertension, Eventual hypotension, Somnolence, Confusion, Distressed appearance, Blurred Vision, Tunnel Vision, Loss of Coordination, Impaired Judgement, Slow Reaction Time, Manic-depressive activity, Coma

Clinical signs of mild/moderate hypoxia

Tachypnea, Dyspnea, Paleness, Tachycardia, Mild hypertension, Peripheral vasoconstriction, Restlessness, Disorientation, Headaches, Lassitude

Thorpe tube

Variable-orifice, constant-pressure flow meter used to measure true flow


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