digestive system

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

3 parts of the small intestine

What stimulates goblet cells and intestinal glands to secrete their products?

Chyme provides both mechanical and chemical stimulation.

What are mass movements?

Slow and strong movements that force intestinal contents toward the rectum. Movements that generally follow a meal as a result of the gastrocolic reflex initiated in the small intestine. Movements that can be caused by irritation of the intestinal mucosa. Peristaltic waves of the large intestine that happen only two or three times each day.

Identify the correct structural differences between the small intestine and the colon.

The small intestine has two complete layers of muscle and the large intestine has one complete layer and one incomplete layer of muscle. The small intestine has villi and the large intestine does not.

What is the main function of the small intestine?

absorption of nutrients

The pancreatic enzyme that digests starch is called pancreatic

amylase

The hormone secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete a solution high in ______.

bicarbonate ions

Hepatic cells produce a yellowish-green liquid called _____ that assists with lipid digestion.

bile

Of these components of feces, which is responsible for the color?

bile pigments

What is normally found in feces?

bile pigments, mucus, bacteria, unabsorbed nutrients

The largest segment of the stomach is the

body

Pancreatic amylase breaks ______ down into ______.

carbohydrates; disaccharides

what are the three phases of gastric secretion?

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

Gastric secretion is controlled by the brain during the ______ phase, by the stomach in the ______ phase, and by the small intestine during the ______ phase.

cephalic; gastric; intestinal

A(n)______ is a particle formed in the intestinal cells consisting of fat (mostly triglycerides) encased in protein. This particle allows absorption and transport of digestive fats in the body.

chylomicron

Once food is mixed with gastric juice, it is called

chyme

The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as

chyme

In order of receiving digested material, the structures of the large intestine are the cecum, ______,_______ , and ____canal.

colon, rectum, anal

The ______ is formed by the merging of the right and left hepatic ducts.

common hepatic duct

Which are functions of the liver in the metabolism of carbohydrates?

converts noncarbohydrate to glucose, breaks down glycogen to glucose, polymerizes glucose to glycogen

The pancreas secretes ______ by exocrine mechanisms, and ______ by endocrine mechanisms.

digestive enzymes; insulin

The _____ of a tooth often thins from years of brushing, teethgrinding, and eating acidic foods.

enamel

insulin is an

endocrine secretion

pancreatic juice is an

exocrine secretion

True or false: Most absorption of digestive products occurs in the stomach.

false

Tubular glands that open into gastric pits of the fundus and body of the stomach are called _____ glands.

gastric

Hepatic cells responding to the hormone insulin lower the blood glucose level by polymerizing glucose to form

glycogen

The mucus-secreting cells in the epithelium of the intestine are called ______ cells.

goblet

Where is the stomach located?

in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity

What is the function of bile salts?

increases surface area of fatty substances, allowing better access for lipase enzymes

Some of the unique aspects of the wall of the large intestine are that it ______ villi, it ______ teniae coli, and it ______ haustra.

lacks, has, has

The digestive organ that runs up the right side of the abdominal cavity, then across the top and down the left side before entering the pelvic cavity is the

large intestine

A chylomicron is a _____ droplet surrounded by ______.

lipid, proteins

Where is bile produced?

liver

The large, lobed organ in the image is the ______ , which is mostly located in the upper _______ abdominal quadrant.

liver, right

When responding to hormones such as insulin and glucagon, liver cells ______ blood glucose levels by polymerizing glucose to glycogen, and ______ blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen to glucose or by converting noncarbohydrates into glucose.

lower, raise

The strong and infrequent peristaltic movements in the large intestine that occur only two to three times each day are called ______

mass movements

What do goblet cells secrete?

mucus

What is secreted by the large intestine?

mucus

The first stage of swallowing involves the tongue moving the bolus into the ______. This process is a(n) ______ action.

oropharynx; voluntary

The insulin-secreting accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland is the _____

pancreas

Which accessory organ is located posterior to the parietal peritoneum and closely associated with the small intestine?

pancreas

Distension of the intestinal wall stimulates ______ reflexes that trigger the release of small intestine secretions.

parasympathetic

Where is the pancreas located?

posterior to the stomach and parietal peritoneum

The common hepatic duct is formed by the convergence of which two structures?

right and left hepatic ducts

The large intestine begins in the lower ______ side of the abdominal cavity, where the ileum joins the cecum. From there, the large intestine ascends on the ______ side, crosses obliquely to the ______, and descends into the pelvis.

right, right, left

The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to secrete an abundant amount of fluid rich in bicarbonate ions when acidic chyme enters the duodenum is

secretin

The movement of the small intestine that mixes its contents is called_______ , while the movement that propels its contents toward the large intestine is called ______

segmentation, peristalsis

A tubular organ that connects the stomach to the large intestine is the

small intestine

The organ that is most effective in absorbing digestive products, water, and electrolytes is the ______.

small intestine

list the substances absorbed from the stomach

small volumes of water, lipid soluble drugs, alcohol

The small intestine is a tubular organ that connects which two organs in the digestive tract?

stomach and large intestine

Describe the primary function of bile salts. They serve ______.

to emulsify fats

The liver is located mainly in the ______ quadrant of the abdominal cavity just ______ to the diaphragm.

upper right: inferior

Small projections of the mucosa of the small intestine that increase the surface area of the intestinal lining are the intestinal ___

villi

the image is of a small structure within the small intestine known as a

villus

When the stomach lining is irritated significantly, sensory signals are sent to the brainstem, and motor signals return to various structures to cause ______.

vomiting

the forceful ejection of stomach and intestinal contents from the mouth is called ______.

vomiting