DIGESTIVE SYSTEM II: CONNECT HW Q'S

Trace the path of bile through the biliary apparatus, begging at the liver, moving to the gallbladder, and ending at the small intestine.

1. left and right hepatic ducts 2. common hepatic duct 3. gallbladder 4. common bile duct 5. hepatopancreatic ampulla 6. major duodenal papilla

Originates at the left colic flexure; is retroperitoneal

Descending colon

What part of the small intestine controls entry of material into large intestine?

Ileum

What organ produces bile?

Liver

Fats; to which monomer is broken down by chemical digestion

Monoglycerides and fatty acids

Carbohydrates; to which monomer is broken down by chemical digestion

Monosaccharides

All enzymes that digest protein are released as inactive enzymes and must be activated because the enzymes would destroy the proteins within the cells that produce them TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

Secretin is released from the small intestine primarily in response to the acidic chyme coming from the stomach and secretin causes the release of an alkaline solution containing bicarbonate from both the liver and pancreas. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

What is the function of bile?

break down fats to assist in their chemical digestion

Proteolytic enzymes are activated in the small intestine using the enzyme

enteropeptidase

Bacteria in the _______ intestine produce vitamins, such as B and K.

large

Bile is made in the ________ and released into the _________________. This duct then merges with the _________ from the gallbladder to make the bile duct. The bile duct then merges with the ________ from the pancreas to form the ______________. This short tube opens up and releases bile into the ___________ at the major duodenal papilla.

liver ; common hepatic duct cystic duct pancreatic duct ; hepatopancreatic ampulla duodenum

The act of protein digestion begins in the mouth with ____________ digestion. Once in the stomach _______ hydrolyzes peptide bonds. Then, in the small intestine, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and ____________ will continue the breakdown of proteins. The ________ border in the intestines will finish the breakdown and begin absorption.

mechanical pepsin carboxypeptidase brush

Digested triglycerides are contained within the _______________ prior to being transported across the simple columnar epithelial lining of the small intestine into the epithelial cells.

micelles

DNA and RNA (nucleic acids) are polymers of nucleotides that are broken down, first by pancreatic enzymes and then completed by intestinal brush border enzymes which include phosphatase and _________

nucelosidase

The _______ is a mixed gland with endocrine and exocrine functions that produces the majority of the digestive enzymes.

pancreas

The majority of triglyceride digestion occurs in the small intestine facilitated by the enzyme

pancreatic lipase

Smooth muscle activity in the small intestine wall facilitates chemical digestion and absorption employing the processes of segmentation and

peristalsis

What digestive enzymes are associated with the macromolecule Lipid?

- lingual lipase - pancreatic lipase - gastric lipase - bile salts

Accessory organs of the GI tract

- pancreas - gallbladder

What digestive enzymes are associated with the macromolecule Protein?

- pepsin - HCl - trypsin - chymotrypsin

What digestive enzymes are associated with the macromolecule Carbohydrate?

- salivary amylase - pancreatic amylase

What lines the mucosa of the large intestine?

- simple columnar epithelium - goblet cells - intestinal glands

These anatomical features of the Small. Int. function to increase the surface area of the intestinal wall and maximize its capacity for absorption. Rank from largest to smallest.

1. Circular folds 2. Villi 3. Microvilli

As material moves through the large intestine, in what order does it pass?

1. cecum 2. ascending colon 3. transverse colon 4. left colic flexure 5. descending colon 6. sigmoid flexure 7. rectum 8. anal canal

Originates at the ileocecal valve; is retroperitoneal

Ascending colon

Proteins; to which monomer is broken down by chemical digestion

Amino acids

Bile from the liver and digestive juices from the pancreas enter which secretion of the small intestine?

Duodenum

What part of the small intestine receives bile and pancreatic juice?

Duodenum

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach. TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE

Completion of all carbohydrate digestion occurs only in the small intestine with enzymes secreted from the pancreas. TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE

What part of the small intestine performs most chemical digestion and absorption?

Jejunum

Nucleic acids; to which monomer is broken down by chemical digestion

Nucelotides

Which region of the large intestine is a muscular tube that expands to store accumulated material prior to defecation, and terminates at the anal canal?

Rectum

Terminates at the rectum; is intraperitoneal

Sigmoid colon

Originates at the right colic flexure; is intraperitoneal

Transverse colon

The process of moving substances through the epithelial cells that line the GI tract into the blood or lymph is called

absorption

During digestion, the major site of nutrient absorption is the

small intestine