DIGESTIVE SYSTEM II: CONNECT HW Q'S
Trace the path of bile through the biliary apparatus, begging at the liver, moving to the gallbladder, and ending at the small intestine.
1. left and right hepatic ducts 2. common hepatic duct 3. gallbladder 4. common bile duct 5. hepatopancreatic ampulla 6. major duodenal papilla
Originates at the left colic flexure; is retroperitoneal
Descending colon
What part of the small intestine controls entry of material into large intestine?
Ileum
What organ produces bile?
Liver
Fats; to which monomer is broken down by chemical digestion
Monoglycerides and fatty acids
Carbohydrates; to which monomer is broken down by chemical digestion
Monosaccharides
All enzymes that digest protein are released as inactive enzymes and must be activated because the enzymes would destroy the proteins within the cells that produce them TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
Secretin is released from the small intestine primarily in response to the acidic chyme coming from the stomach and secretin causes the release of an alkaline solution containing bicarbonate from both the liver and pancreas. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
What is the function of bile?
break down fats to assist in their chemical digestion
Proteolytic enzymes are activated in the small intestine using the enzyme
enteropeptidase
Bacteria in the _______ intestine produce vitamins, such as B and K.
large
Bile is made in the ________ and released into the _________________. This duct then merges with the _________ from the gallbladder to make the bile duct. The bile duct then merges with the ________ from the pancreas to form the ______________. This short tube opens up and releases bile into the ___________ at the major duodenal papilla.
liver ; common hepatic duct cystic duct pancreatic duct ; hepatopancreatic ampulla duodenum
The act of protein digestion begins in the mouth with ____________ digestion. Once in the stomach _______ hydrolyzes peptide bonds. Then, in the small intestine, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and ____________ will continue the breakdown of proteins. The ________ border in the intestines will finish the breakdown and begin absorption.
mechanical pepsin carboxypeptidase brush
Digested triglycerides are contained within the _______________ prior to being transported across the simple columnar epithelial lining of the small intestine into the epithelial cells.
micelles
DNA and RNA (nucleic acids) are polymers of nucleotides that are broken down, first by pancreatic enzymes and then completed by intestinal brush border enzymes which include phosphatase and _________
nucelosidase
The _______ is a mixed gland with endocrine and exocrine functions that produces the majority of the digestive enzymes.
pancreas
The majority of triglyceride digestion occurs in the small intestine facilitated by the enzyme
pancreatic lipase
Smooth muscle activity in the small intestine wall facilitates chemical digestion and absorption employing the processes of segmentation and
peristalsis
What digestive enzymes are associated with the macromolecule Lipid?
- lingual lipase - pancreatic lipase - gastric lipase - bile salts
Accessory organs of the GI tract
- pancreas - gallbladder
What digestive enzymes are associated with the macromolecule Protein?
- pepsin - HCl - trypsin - chymotrypsin
What digestive enzymes are associated with the macromolecule Carbohydrate?
- salivary amylase - pancreatic amylase
What lines the mucosa of the large intestine?
- simple columnar epithelium - goblet cells - intestinal glands
These anatomical features of the Small. Int. function to increase the surface area of the intestinal wall and maximize its capacity for absorption. Rank from largest to smallest.
1. Circular folds 2. Villi 3. Microvilli
As material moves through the large intestine, in what order does it pass?
1. cecum 2. ascending colon 3. transverse colon 4. left colic flexure 5. descending colon 6. sigmoid flexure 7. rectum 8. anal canal
Originates at the ileocecal valve; is retroperitoneal
Ascending colon
Proteins; to which monomer is broken down by chemical digestion
Amino acids
Bile from the liver and digestive juices from the pancreas enter which secretion of the small intestine?
Duodenum
What part of the small intestine receives bile and pancreatic juice?
Duodenum
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
Completion of all carbohydrate digestion occurs only in the small intestine with enzymes secreted from the pancreas. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
What part of the small intestine performs most chemical digestion and absorption?
Jejunum
Nucleic acids; to which monomer is broken down by chemical digestion
Nucelotides
Which region of the large intestine is a muscular tube that expands to store accumulated material prior to defecation, and terminates at the anal canal?
Rectum
Terminates at the rectum; is intraperitoneal
Sigmoid colon
Originates at the right colic flexure; is intraperitoneal
Transverse colon
The process of moving substances through the epithelial cells that line the GI tract into the blood or lymph is called
absorption
During digestion, the major site of nutrient absorption is the
small intestine