Digestive system
T/F 17. Cholecystokinin, a hormone released from intestinal mucosa by the presence of fats, stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum.
true
T/F 38. Fat molecules with longer chains of carbon atoms tend to be transported away from the intestine by lymph.
true
T/F 39. Food passing from the stomach through the small intestine would first pass into the duodenum, then the jejunum and lastly the ileum.
true
T/F 40. The movement of chyme through the small intestine is increased by parasympathetic impulses and is inhibited by sympathetic impulses.
true
T/F The organs of the alimentary canal are innervated by sympathetic as well as by parasympathetic nerve fibers.
true
19. Intrinsic factor is necessary for the normal absorption of __________ __________ from the small intestine.
vitamin B12
T/F Peristalsis is defined as a mixing movement that results in food in small segments of the alimentary canal being mixed with digestive enzymes.
F
T/F Parasympathetic impulses to the GI tract decrease peristaltic activity.
F (increase)
T/F 13. Elevation of the uvula prevents food or fluid from entering the trachea.
F (prevents it from entering the nasopharynx)
14. The mesentery is a double-folded peritoneal membrane that supports the liver.
F (supports the lower GI tract or intestines, not the liver)
12) The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? A) plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli B) the vast array of digestive enzymes C) Brunner's glands and Peyer Patches D) the rugae and haustra
a
12. Which of the following is not a major GI hormone? (a)epinephrine, (b)secretin, (c)gastrin, (d) cholecystokinin
a
14) Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth? A) There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge. B) There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge. C) The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth. D) The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.
a
17. Pancreatic juice contains a protein-splitting enzyme called (a)trypsin,(b)zymogen,(c)pepsin(d)amylase, (e) nuclease.
a
18) In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________. A) initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins B) is the first site where absorption takes place C) is the only place where fats are completely digested D) is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place
a
2. Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract A. From the pharynx to the anus B. In the stomach and small intestine only C. In the small and large intestines only D. In the stomach, small intestine and large intestine only
a
21. Which of the following is a protein-splitting enzyme found in pancreatic juice? A. Trypsin B. Zymogen C. Amylase D. Nuclease
a
24. What constituent of bile has a digestive function? A. Bile salts B. Bile pigments C. Cholesterol D. Electrolytes
a
25) Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________. A) chief cells of the stomach B) parietal cells of the duodenum C) Brunner's glands D) goblet cells of the small intestine
a
31) Hepatocytes do not ________. A) produce digestive enzymes B) process nutrients C) store fat-soluble vitamins D) detoxify toxic chemicals
a
35. The epithelial cells that form the inner lining of the small intestine A. Are replaced every few days B. Are not able to reproduce C. Are permanent parts of the villi D. Remain where they are first formed
a
37. The greater omentum is composed of the A. Peritoneal membrane B. Pericardial membrane C. Pleural membrane D. None of these
a
45. During the defecation reflex, the A. Diaphragm is lowered B. Glottis is reopened C. Abdominal wall muscles relax D. Internal abdominal pressure is decreased
a
49. Plant proteins typically contain less than adequate amounts of A. Essential amino acids B. Nonessential amino acids C. Dipeptide D. Polypeptide
a
5) The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________. A) mesenteries B) lamina propria C) serosal lining D) mucosal lining
a
The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. A) digestion B) absorption C) ingestion D) secretion
a
The salivary enzyme amylase functions to digest A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Fats D. All of these
a
The teeth that are best adapted for biting off relatively large pieces of food are the A. Incisors B. Cuspids C. Bicuspids D. Molars
a
18. Secretin is a hormone that (a)stimulates the release of pancreatic juice,(b)converts trypsinogen into trypsin, (c) activates chymotrypsin, (d) inhibits the action of pancreatic lipase.
a (Secretinstimulatesthereleaseofpancreaticjuicerichinbicarbonate)
5. Which of the following is not a function of saliva? (a) to initiate protein digestion, (b) to aid in cleansing the teeth, (c) to lubricate the pharynx, (d) to assist in the formation of a bolus
a (amylase in saliva digests carbs)
23. The SI is held to the posterior abdominal wall by (a)the mesentery,(b)the falciform ligament, (c) the greater omentum, (d) the lesser omentum, (e) the visceral peritoneum.
a (supports the intestines)
10. The terminal portion of the small intestine is (a)the ileum,(b)the cecum,(c)the duodenum,(d)the jejunum, (e) the colon.
a (the ileum is positioned between the jejunum and ileocecal valve)
7. converts starch and glycogen into disaccharides 8. converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol
amylase, lipase
-21. The part of the stomach that meets the esophagus at the gastroesophageal sphincter is (a)thefundus,(b)the cardia, (c) the pylorus, (d) the body, (e) the lesser curvature.
b
1) The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________. A) in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen B) in the walls of the tract organs C) in the pons and medulla D) in the oral cavity
b
12. Gastrin, which is secreted by stomach cells, functions to A. Inhibit the production of hydrochloric acid B. Increase the secretions of the gastric glands C. Change pepsin into pepsinogen D. Initiate the cephalic phase of digestion
b
15) Which of the following is not true of saliva? A) cleanses the mouth B) contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins C) moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus D) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted
b
16. Heartburn is usually caused by effects of gastric juice on the A. Heart B. Esophagus C. Stomach D. Small intestine
b
19) Chyme is created in the ________. A) mouth B) stomach C) esophagus D) small intestine
b
20) Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? A) chief cells B) parietal cells C) serous cells D) mucous neck cells
b
24) Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________. A) starches and complex carbohydrates B) protein and peptide fragments C) simple carbohydrates and alcohols D) fatty acids
b
24. The salivary gland located in front and slightly below the auricle of the ear is (a) the buccal gland, (b) the parotid gland, (c) the submandibular gland, (d) the sublingual gland.
b
25. Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Proteins D. All of these would be affected the same
b
26) You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal? A) gastrin B) amylase C) cholecystokinin D) trypsin
b
36. The condition called lactose intolerance is caused by A. Deficiency of lactose B. Deficiency of lactase C. A lack of milk in the diet D. A lack of a vitamin in the diet
b
44. One of the major functions of the large intestine is to A. Secrete digestive enzymes B. Reabsorb water from chyme C. Regulate the release of bile D. Break down hemoglobin
b
8) What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing? A) crown B) enamel C) pulp D) cementum
b
Microorganisms promote the development of dental cavities by utilizing carbohydrates and producing by-products that are A. Alkaline B. Acidic C. Toxic D. Electrolytes
b
The correct sequence for the layers within the wall of the alimentary canal from inside to outside is A. Mucous membrane, muscular layer, serous layer, submucosa B. Mucous membrane, submucosa, muscular layer, serous layer C. Serous layer, muscular layer, mucous membrane, submucosa D. Submucosa, mucous membrane, serous layer, muscular layer
b
3. Obstruction of the common bile duct by gallstones would most likely affect the digestion of (a)carbohydrates, (b) fats, (c) proteins, (d) nucleic acids, (e) none of the preceding.
b (Arriving at the duodenum through the common bile duct, bile is essential for emulsification of fats and absorption of fatty acids and cholesterol)
7. A gastrointestinal (GI) tumor involving the plicae circulares and villi might interfere with (a) deglutition, (b) absorption, (c) peristalsis, (d) defecation, (e) emulsification.
b (these are all features of the SI that increase surface area for absorption)
10) Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile? A) gastrin B) secretin C) cholecystokinin D) gastric inhibitor peptide
c
13) Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth. A) There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent. B) There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months. C) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20. D) There are 32 primary teeth, and by 36 months of age, most children have all 32.
c
15. A relatively new treatment in the management of gastric ulcers is a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach. If a person took this medication for a long period, the digestion of which of the following would be affected the most? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Proteins D. All of these would be affected
c
16. Amylase in saliva initiates digestion of (a)lipids,(b)proteins,(c)carbohydrates,(d)fats.
c
28. Gallstones are usually composed of A. Calcium salts B. Uric acid C. Cholesterol D. Bile pigments
c
29) Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? A) rennin B) pepsin C) lipase D) cholecystokinin
c
30) Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________. A) mucin B) pepsinogen C) hydrochloric acid D) rennin
c
34. The hormone called secretin functions to A. Convert trypsinogen into trypsin B. Activate chymotrypsin C. Stimulate the release of pancreatic fluid D. Inhibit the action of pancreatic lipase
c
4) When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________. A) absorption B) secretion C) chemical digestion D) mechanical digestion
c
48. The American Heart Association recommends that the percentage of calories in a person's diet derived from fats should not exceed A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40%
c
Loss of teeth is most commonly associated with diseases of the A. Enamel B. Dentin C. Dental pulp and gums D. Crown
c
13. A set of permanent teeth contains (a)20 teeth,(b)30 teeth,(c)32 teeth,(d)24 teeth.
c (32, 20 deciduous or baby teeth)
14. Teeth adapted to shear food are (a)premolars, (b)canines, (c)incisors, (d)molars.
c (Shapedlikechisels,thefourupperandfourlowerincisorsareadaptedforcuttingandshearingfood,as in biting an apple.)
25. The uvula is (a) a structure that guards the larynx, (b) a structure that extends into the lumen of the small intestine, (c) a fleshy extension of the soft palate, (d) a tonsil within the oral cavity, (e) a flap of the ileocecal valve.
c (The uvula is at the back of the soft palate and is elevated while swallowing, blocking the nasopharynx)
11) Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile. A) Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion. B) Bile functions to emulsify fats. C) Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs. D) Bile contains enzymes for digestion.
d
13. The main part of the stomach is called the A. Fundic region B. Pyloric region C. Cardiac region D. None of these
d
14. Cholecystokinin secretion from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of A. Protein in the stomach B. Protein in the small intestine C. Fat in the stomach D. Fat in the small intestine
d
17) The solutes contained in saliva include ________. A) only salts and minerals B) only proteases and amylase C) mucin, lysozyme, electrolytes, salts, and minerals D) electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA
d
23) Peristaltic waves are ________. A) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract C) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
d
23. The liver functions to A. Form glucose from noncarbohydrates B. Store vitamin D C. Destroy damaged red blood cells D. All of these
d
36) Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called: 36) ______ A) polypeptides B) fatty acids C) peptides D) amino acids E) glycerol
d
6) From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. A) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa B) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa C) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
d
7) Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier? A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus B) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells C) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells D) production of intrinsic factor
d
-9. Most enzymes involved in protein digestion are (a) secreted by the pancreas, (b) activated by hydrochloric acid (HCl), (c) present in the stomach, (d) secreted in an inactive form, (e) stimulated by enterokinase.
d (secreted in an active form and are activated by HCl)
6. Peristalsis moves food material (a) in the stomach and small intestine only, (b) in the intestines only, (c) in the stomach and intestines only, (d) from the pharynx to the anal canal.
d (through all regions of the GI tract)
20. A dysfunction of the parietal cells of gastric glands would reault in a decreases production of which of the following? (a) mucus, (b) pepsinogen, (c) pepsin, (d) HCl, (e) intrinsic factor
d and e (they secrete HCl and intrinsic factor)
19. Which of the following ducts is not associated with the digestive system? (a) cystic duct, (b) parotid duct, (c) pancreatic duct, (d) hepatic duct, (e) lacrimal duct
e
32. The process by which bile causes the breakdown of fat globules into smaller droplets is _______________.
emulsification
8. T/F Intrinsic factor is necessary for the normal absorption of amino acids from the small intestine.
f (absorption of vitamin b12)
T/F 10. Deglutition is the process by which bile causes the breakdown of fat globules into smaller droplets.
f (deglutition is the mechanism of swallowing; emulsification is the breakdown of fat globules into small droplets.)
9. t/f The spleen is an accessory digestive organ.
f (organ of lymphatic)
T/F 12. Intestinal rugae are folds of the mucosa within the small intestine that greatly increase the surface area for absorption.
f (that's for folds in the stomach)
T/F 29. The gallbladder is connected to the common bile duct by the hepatic duct.
false
T/F 30. Bile salts function as digestive enzymes to break down fatty acids.
false
T/F 31. Bile is composed of HCl, pepsin, mucus and intrinsic factor.
false
T/F 47. The cecum is located at the inferior end of the descending colon.
false
Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
forms its own mucus barrier produced by goblet cells tight junctions b/w epithelial cells that prevent gastric juice from leaking into the lamina propia, the extracellular matrix cells that line the stomach are renewed very frequently
1. stimulates secretion of HCl and pepsin 2. emulsifies fats
gastrin, bile
42. The sphincter muscle located between the small intestine and the large intestine is the ___________.
ileocecal valve
Fat molecules with longer chains of carbon atoms tend to be transported away from the small intestine by means of ___________.
lymph
43. The double-layered folds of peritoneum that support portions of the small intestine are called __________.
mesenteries
5. converts nucleic acids into nucleotides 6. converts pepsinogen to pepsin
nuclease, HCl
3. converts proteins into amino acids 4. converts disaccharides into monosaccharides
peptidase, sucrase
__________ is a wavelike propelling movement that forces food through the alimentary canal.
peristalsis
18. The __________ is a valve that controls the movement of food between the stomach and small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
10. ___________ from the duodenum stimulates the release of pancreatic juice
secretin
6. T/F Pancreatic juice is secreted from acinar cells of the pancreas.
t
7. T/F The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm.
t
T/F 11. The primary tissue of peritoneal membranes is simple squamous epithelium.
t