Disorders in Immunity

atopic

A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered

Antibody

A protein that acts against a specific antigen

The most widely recognized secondary immunodeficiency is ____

AIDS

Molecules that differ in the same species

Alloantigens

A(n) ____ is a drug that counter the action of histamine and is useful in allergy treatment

Antihistamines

active ingredient in most over the counter allergy medications is

Antihistamines

Reactions involved in drug allergies can range from a mild _____ to fatal __

Atopy, anaphylaxis

Tissue of organ surgically transplanted to another site on the same subject is called a(n)

Autograft

The pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against self antigens is called a(n)

Autoimmune disease

Prevent type I allergic reactions

Avoiding allergen, drug therapy, hyposensitstion therapy, desensitization therapy

A thin layer found at the base of epithelial tissues is called the

Basement membrane

____ antibodies are IgG antibodies that remove allergen from the system before it can bind to IgE

Blocking

Allergens that enter through the skin after making contact with this surface are called

Contactants

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mast cells and basophils that relates to their role in allergy

Contain digestive enzymes in cytoplasmic granules

Drugs frequently responsible for causing allergic reactions during medical treatment

Contrast dye, sulfa drugs, opiates, aspirin, penicillin

Detects allergy by measuring the number of basophils and eosinophils

Differential blood cell count

Which of the following are common effects of histamines

Dilation of smooth muscle, intense itching, construction of smooth muscle, wheal and flare reactions

Which of the following is NOT a main chemical mediator of the allergic response

Glutamine

______ is the most profuse and fast-acting mediator of allergy; it's effects include smooth muscle contraction and displaying arterioles and venules

Histamine

Immunopathology is the study of disease states associated with ____ of the immune response

Hypersensitivity, hyposensitivity, overreactivity, underreactivitity

The intended effect of oral anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids) is to inhibit lymphocytes activity resulting in a reduction in the production of ____

IgE

______ occurs when immune function is incompletely developed, suppressed or destroyed.

Immunodeficiency

Histamine

Involved in local immune responses, but are not regulators of lymphocyte development or immunity

A chemical mediator involved in allergic reactions, also known as the "slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis" is ___

Leukotriene

The reaction seen in anaphylaxis is severe due to the concentration of chemical _____ and the strength of the _____ is greatly amplified

Mediators / response

Neuromuscular autoimmune dieases

Multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis

Which of the following is NOT an effect of histamine on smooth muscle tissue targets

Pain and anxiety

The lower incidence of asthma and eczema in breast-fed babies is thought to come from _____

Presences of growth factors, and cytokines in human milk

The subsequent exposure to an allergen that triggers an allergic reaction is called a(n)

Provocation

Antigens that trigger hemolytic disease in newborns

Rh factor

autoimmune disease examples

Rheumatoid arthritis - crippling disease of the joints Lupus - disease of blood and organs Multiple sclerosis - disease of the nervous system Type 1 diabetes Graves' disease

The general roles of MHC classes I and II are the recognition of _____ and regulation of the ______ response

Self & immune

Anaphylactic

Severe allergic reaction sometimes fatal

Depending on the allergen, route of entry, an individual sensitivities, virtually any _____ of the body can be a location of a drug allergy

Tissues

An allergy skin test is a useful in _____ method for detecting allergy

Vivo

The transfer of tissue or an organ from one animal of one species to a recipient of another species is called a(n)

Xenograft

allergic rhinitis

an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus

Immunogen

antigen that induces an immune response

RAST

blood test for allergies

cytokine

chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells

Asthma

episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways

Allergens that enter by mouth are called

ingestants

______ anaphylaxis is characterized by sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal

systemic

Cuntaneous membrane

the thin layer that covers the tympanic membrane on the external surface; also known as the skin