Disorders in Immunity
atopic
A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered
Antibody
A protein that acts against a specific antigen
The most widely recognized secondary immunodeficiency is ____
AIDS
Molecules that differ in the same species
Alloantigens
A(n) ____ is a drug that counter the action of histamine and is useful in allergy treatment
Antihistamines
active ingredient in most over the counter allergy medications is
Antihistamines
Reactions involved in drug allergies can range from a mild _____ to fatal __
Atopy, anaphylaxis
Tissue of organ surgically transplanted to another site on the same subject is called a(n)
Autograft
The pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against self antigens is called a(n)
Autoimmune disease
Prevent type I allergic reactions
Avoiding allergen, drug therapy, hyposensitstion therapy, desensitization therapy
A thin layer found at the base of epithelial tissues is called the
Basement membrane
____ antibodies are IgG antibodies that remove allergen from the system before it can bind to IgE
Blocking
Allergens that enter through the skin after making contact with this surface are called
Contactants
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mast cells and basophils that relates to their role in allergy
Contain digestive enzymes in cytoplasmic granules
Drugs frequently responsible for causing allergic reactions during medical treatment
Contrast dye, sulfa drugs, opiates, aspirin, penicillin
Detects allergy by measuring the number of basophils and eosinophils
Differential blood cell count
Which of the following are common effects of histamines
Dilation of smooth muscle, intense itching, construction of smooth muscle, wheal and flare reactions
Which of the following is NOT a main chemical mediator of the allergic response
Glutamine
______ is the most profuse and fast-acting mediator of allergy; it's effects include smooth muscle contraction and displaying arterioles and venules
Histamine
Immunopathology is the study of disease states associated with ____ of the immune response
Hypersensitivity, hyposensitivity, overreactivity, underreactivitity
The intended effect of oral anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids) is to inhibit lymphocytes activity resulting in a reduction in the production of ____
IgE
______ occurs when immune function is incompletely developed, suppressed or destroyed.
Immunodeficiency
Histamine
Involved in local immune responses, but are not regulators of lymphocyte development or immunity
A chemical mediator involved in allergic reactions, also known as the "slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis" is ___
Leukotriene
The reaction seen in anaphylaxis is severe due to the concentration of chemical _____ and the strength of the _____ is greatly amplified
Mediators / response
Neuromuscular autoimmune dieases
Multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis
Which of the following is NOT an effect of histamine on smooth muscle tissue targets
Pain and anxiety
The lower incidence of asthma and eczema in breast-fed babies is thought to come from _____
Presences of growth factors, and cytokines in human milk
The subsequent exposure to an allergen that triggers an allergic reaction is called a(n)
Provocation
Antigens that trigger hemolytic disease in newborns
Rh factor
autoimmune disease examples
Rheumatoid arthritis - crippling disease of the joints Lupus - disease of blood and organs Multiple sclerosis - disease of the nervous system Type 1 diabetes Graves' disease
The general roles of MHC classes I and II are the recognition of _____ and regulation of the ______ response
Self & immune
Anaphylactic
Severe allergic reaction sometimes fatal
Depending on the allergen, route of entry, an individual sensitivities, virtually any _____ of the body can be a location of a drug allergy
Tissues
An allergy skin test is a useful in _____ method for detecting allergy
Vivo
The transfer of tissue or an organ from one animal of one species to a recipient of another species is called a(n)
Xenograft
allergic rhinitis
an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus
Immunogen
antigen that induces an immune response
RAST
blood test for allergies
cytokine
chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells
Asthma
episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways
Allergens that enter by mouth are called
ingestants
______ anaphylaxis is characterized by sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal
systemic
Cuntaneous membrane
the thin layer that covers the tympanic membrane on the external surface; also known as the skin