disparities final exam

Which of the following were major consequences of the loss of the Gila River? (check all that apply) American Indians were no longer able to grow their own food. American Indians became hunters instead of farmers. None of these Rates of diabetes spiked among American Indians. American Indians became dependent on the government food commodity program.

American Indians were no longer able to grow their own food. Rates of diabetes spiked among American Indians. American Indians became dependent on the government food commodity program.

Which race/Hispanic origin group has the highest rate of current cigarette smoking? Non-Hispanic Whites HIspanics/Latinos Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders None of these Asians Non-Hispanic Blacks American Indians/Alaska Natives

American indians/ alaska natives

The largest proportion of Cubans live in which state? Florida New York None of these California Arizona Texas

Florida

Which best explains the healthy migrant argument for the Hispanic mortality paradox? None of these - there is no association between migration and health status. Healthy migrants are more likely (than less healthy migrants) to be able to migrate to the U.S., which contributes to the better health of the Hispanic population in the United States. Migrants come to the U.S. to acquire health care so they become healthier when they arrive here.

Healthy migrants are more likely (than less healthy migrants) to be able to migrate to the U.S., which contributes to the better health of the Hispanic population in the United States.

Which of these factors predict that the Hispanic mortality will persist (that is, that it will NOT dissipate)? In other words, why might the Hispanic survival advantage continue over time? High levels of acculturative stress High disability rates Immigration-related health declines High rates of obesity and diabetes Lower smoking rates/smoking-attributable mortality among Hispanics

Lower smoking rates/smoking-attributable mortality among Hispanics

Which best explains the salmon bias for the Hispanic mortality paradox? Salmon die prematurely, like Hispanics/Latinos. None of these Salmon have a long life span, like Hispanics/Latinos. Like salmon, Hispanic immigrants living in the U.S. often return to their home countries to die, which artificially OVERESTIMATES their mortality rates in the United States. Like salmon, Hispanic immigrants living in the U.S. often return to their home countries to die, which artificially UNDERESTIMATES their mortality rates here.

Like salmon, Hispanic immigrants living in the U.S. often return to their home countries to die, which artificially UNDERESTIMATES their mortality rates here.

Only about one-quarter (24%) of Hispanics/Latinos identify using the "Hispanic/Latino" label. T or F

T

The American Indian/Alaska Native population comprises less than 2% of the overall U.S. population. T or F

T

The U.S. Census Bureau will likely combine the race and Hispanic origin questions into a single question on the 2020 Census. T or F

T

The construction of dams stopped the flow of the Gila River to American Indians in the West. T or F

T

With the Indian Relocation Act of 1956, the % of American Indians living in urban areas (instead of on reservations) increased by roughly 8-fold. T or F

T

In which two states (almost half) of Hispanics live? Georgia Florida New York Texas California None of these

Texas Cali

In which region of the country do most American Indians/Alaska Natives live? Northeast Midwest West South

West

(check all that apply) Hispanics/Latinos rank 2nd in terms of years of potential life lost for which conditions? Homicide None of these Diabetes Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

homicide chronic liver and cirrhosis

According to Dr. Jones' "The Gardener's Tale" analogy, which level of racism does the unequal soil boxes represent? Personally-mediated racism Racialized prejudice Institutionalized racism Internalized racism

institutionalized racism

Which of the following cause(s) of death are important/somewhat unique causes of death that are specific to BOTH Latino men and Latina women? Accidents Diabetes Liver disease and cirrhosis Homicide Respiratory Disease

liver disease & cirrhosis

(check all that apply) Hispanics/Latinos have lower age-specific death rates across the life course relative to which groups? Non-Hispanic Whites All of these Non-Hispanic Blacks asian pacific islanders

non his whites non his blacks

The Hispanic Mortality Paradox refers to the fact that Hispanics have lower mortality rates than which group(s)? All of these Asians or Pacific Islanders Non-Hispanic Whites The U.S. population as a whole None of these

non hispanic whites us pop as whole

The biggest "pull" factor drawing Asian immigrants to the United States is: Freedom to express political views Treatment of the poor Opportunity to get ahead Moral values of society

opportunity to get ahead

Which is the second largest subgroup of Hispanics living in the United States? Cubans None of these Puerto Ricans Mexicans Dominicans

puerto rican

According to the "Health of Hispanic Adults: United States, 2010-2014" reading, which Hispanic subgroup tends to have the worst health? Puerto Ricans Central and South Americans Mexicans Cubans

puerto ricans

Between 2010 and 2050, the Hispanic/Latino population is expected to: Remain the same Decrease by roughly 10% Roughly triple in size Roughly double in size

roughly double in size

According to the "Who is Latino?" reading, which of the following Latino groups is close to taking a spot in the top three Latino groups in the country? Peruvians Brazilians Salvadorans Argentinians

salvadorans

About half of Asians have earned a bachelor's degree. t/f

t

According to Dr. Camara Jones, the system of racism is based on both unfair advantage and unfair disadvantage. t/f

t

According to the "Health of Hispanic Adults: United States, 2010-2014" reading, Hispanic adults were more likely (than non-Hispanic adults) to report being in fair or poor health. t/f

t

Asians have the highest median household income of all race and Hispanic origin groups. t/f

t

Based on the "Characteristics of Hispanic Adults vs Asian-American Adults, 2012" chart, there are currently more Hispanic immigrants than Asian immigrants in the United States. t/f

t

Data reliability hypothesis is better at explaining the Hispanic mortality paradox than the "salmon bias" hypothesis. t/f

t

Foreign-born Asians are more likely than U.S.-born Asians to identify by their country of origin (than to identify as "American").t

t

Hispanics/Latinos tie for the lowest rate of health insurance coverage. t/f

t

Indians are the largest Asian subgroup in the United States. t/f

t

Many Hispanics/Latino immigrants often endorse the "American Dream" that you can get ahead in society through hard work. t/f

t

Similar to Hispanics, Asians largely believe that their family relationships are stronger in their country of origin than in the United States. t/f

t

The "immigrant paradox" refers to the finding that immigrants who were born elsewhere and migrate to the United States exhibit better health than their same-race/ethnic counterparts who were born in the United States. t/f

t

The health of Hispanic immigrants tends to deteriorate over time, as they spend more time in the United States. t/f

t

The teens profiled in "America by the Numbers: Pass or Fail in Cambodia Town" fit nicely into the idea of Asians being a "model minority". t/f

t

According to the "Immigration Myths and Facts: Behind the Fallacies" reading, immigrants have skills at the _____ of the skills spectrum. Low end High end Low end and middle Very high and very low ends Middle

very high and very low ends

In which region of the country do Asians primarily live? West Northeast Midwest South

west

Of the choices below, which racial category are Hispanics/Latinos most likely to endorse on the U.S. Census? None of these Indigenous Black/African American White

white

Where do Hispanic/Latino men and women rank in terms of HIV rates? 2 4 3 1

2

According to the "Who is Latino?" reading, what percentage of Hispanics say that they are of "many different cultures?" 8% 0% 100% 30% None of these 70%

70%

Leonard Syme, an epidemiologist at UC-Berkeley, stated that African Americans and Native Americans (among other groups) "....have totally different histories. They are all different populations, and yet they all have the same manifestation...what's going on? What's the common denominator?" What is the common denominator that causes high rates of diabetes for both of these groups? Similar genetic predispositions None of these Being dispossessed over their land and losing major parts of their cultures High rates of alcoholism All of these

Being dispossessed over their land and losing major parts of their cultures

What best describes the prevalence of diabetes among American Indians over time? Diabetes prevalence has increased rapidly across American Indian history. Diabetes has traditionally had a high prevalence across American Indian history. Diabetes prevalence has decreased rapidly across American Indian history

Diabetes prevalence has increased rapidly across American Indian history.

According to the "Immigration Myths and Facts: Behind the Fallacies" reading, low-skilled immigrants are perfect substitutes for low-skilled natives. T or F

F

According to the "Who is Latino?" reading, the term "Hispanic" originated in Central America. T or F

F

American Indian/Alaska Native women have the highest rate of homicide deaths among all women. T or F

F

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is only an important public health problem for American Indian/Alaska Native men (not women). T or F

F

Higher SES Hispanics are less likely to identify as being "a typical American" than lower SES Hispanics. T or F

F

More than half of Hispanic/Latino immigrants are undocumented. *Hint: Please refer to "Table 3: Foreign-born population by legal status" slide.* T or F

F

More than half of Hispanics/Latinos self-identify using the term "Hispanic" rather than their country of origin. T or F

F

People who originate in any South American country would be considered "Hispanic or Latino" in the United States. T or F

F

Spanish is the official language in every South American country. T or F

F

The Gila River has never been returned to the Pima Indians T or F

F

The U.S. government has kept virtually all the promises made to American Indians in the form of treaties. T or F

F

The government food commodity program offered to American Indians features healthy food T or F

F

The majority of American Indians currently live on reservations. T or F

F

The term "American Indians" only refers to those indigenous to North America, not South or Central America. T or F

F

Which best explains the data reliability hypothesis for the Hispanic mortality paradox? Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified by physicians, medical examiners, and/or funeral homes, which leads to an OVERCOUNT of their mortality rates. In other words, deaths in other groups are often misclassified as Hispanic. Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified by physicians, medical examiners, and/or funeral homes, which leads to an UNDERCOUNT of their mortality rates. In other words, Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified as White. The racial/ethnic classification for Hispanic/Latino deaths is far more accurate than the classification of other race/ethnic groups. Hispanics/Latinos are sometimes confused about which categories to select on the Census.

Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified by physicians, medical examiners, and/or funeral homes, which leads to an UNDERCOUNT of their mortality rates. In other words, Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified as White.

According to Dr. Camara Jones, the most effective health interventions would target which level of racism? Choose only one. Racialized prejudice Institutionalized racism Internalized racism Personally-mediated racism

Institutionalized racism

According to Dr. Camara Jones, which level of racism explains the association between socioeconomic status and race? In other words, why do people of color tend to have low SES? Personally-mediated racism None of these Institutionalized racism All of these

Institutionalized racism

Which of the following statements is most true? Most American Indians currently live OUTSIDE OF reservations because of legislation promoting their assimilation to urban areas. Most American Indians currently live ON reservations because they receive tax breaks to do so. Most American Indians currently live OUTSIDE OF reservations because they want to reject their culture and assimilate to American culture. Most American Indians currently live ON reservations because job opportunities are more abundant there.

Most American Indians currently live OUTSIDE OF reservations because of legislation promoting their assimilation to urban areas.

Using Dr. Jones' cliff analogy, how best can we address the social determinants of health? Having a net or a trampoline at the bottom of the cliff Moving the population away from the edge of the cliff Having an ambulance at the bottom of the cliff Placing a fence at the edge of the cliff

Moving the population away from the edge of the cliff

Which is the highest level of citizenship? Naturalized citizen None of these Legal temporary migrant Eligible immigrant Unauthorized migrant Legal permanent residen

Naturalized citizen

Which of the following are not one of the three levels of racism outlined by Camara P. Jones? Internalized racism Institutionalized racism Racialized prejudice Personally mediated racism

Racialized prejudice

Which best describes race/Hispanic origin and gender trends in suicide? Regardless of gender, non-Hispanic Whites have the highest rates of suicide. All of these Regardless of gender, American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest rates of suicide. None of these Although American Indian/Alaska Native men have the highest risk of suicide among men, non-Hispanic White women have higher suicide rates than American Indian/Alaska Native women.

Regardless of gender, American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest rates of suicide.

According to Dr. Camara Jones' "Reactions to Race" study, which matters most for health? Self-identified race/ethnicity (how you classify yourself) N/A: both matter the same Socially-assigned race/ethnicity (how others perceive you)

Socially-assigned race/ethnicity (how others perceive you)

According to the "Age-Adjusted Rate of Accidental Deaths" slide, regardless of gender, American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest rates of accidental death relative to all other race/Hispanic origin groups. T or F

T

Alaska is the state with the lowest population density. T or F

T

Almost 1/2 of motor vehicle deaths among American Indians/Alaska Natives are due to alcohol impairment. T or F

T

American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest poverty rate of all race/Hispanic origin groups. T or F

T

Approximately 48% of Hispanics who are in the third or higher immigrant generation identify as an American (not by country of origin or the Hispanic/Latino label). T or F

T

First-generation Hispanic immigrants are more likely to identify by their country of origin than they are to identify as being an American. T or F

T

Large parts of the southwestern U.S. used to be former Mexican territory. T or F

T

Liver disease and cirrhosis are important public health problems for BOTH American Indian men and women. T or F

T

From Dr. Jones' "The Gardener's Tale" allegory, which factor best explains why the red flowers were tall and strong while the pink flowers were short and scrawny? The quality of the soil in which they were planted The red flowers were watered more often. None of these - the red and pink flowers are just naturally different The red flowers were planted closest to the sun.

The quality of the soil in which they were planted

Based on the film "America by the Numbers: Pass or Fail in Cambodia Town"; (and what you have learned about the social gradient in health), which of the following patterns would you predict? None of these Similar health outcomes between Southeast Asians and South Asians Better health outcomes among Southeast Asians than South Asians Worse health outcomes among Southeast Asians than South Asians

Worse health outcomes among Southeast Asians than South Asians

Which of these states has the highest rate of gun ownership? Idaho West Virginia Alaska Alabama None of these

alaska

According to the "Seven Major Immigration Myths Debunked" reading, which of the following taxes do many immigrants pay? Local taxes Real estate taxes Social Security taxes All of these Sales taxes none of these

all of these

Which race/Hispanic origin group has the highest rate of age-adjusted death rates due to accidental deaths (i.e., unintentional injuries)? None of these Non-Hispanic Whites American Indians/Alaska Natives Non-Hispanic Blacks Hispanics/Latinos

american indians/ alaska natives

Of the Asian subgroups we have studied, which has the lowest educational attainment? Vietnamese Cambodians Some other group Filipinos

cambodians

Which is the largest Asian subgroup in most of the Northeast and the southern states? Chinese Vietnamese Indian None of the above

chinese

Which was the largest Asian subgroup in 2010? Vietnamese Asian Indian Filipino Korean Japanese Pakistani Chinese

chinese

According to the "Immigration Myths and Facts: Behind the Fallacies" reading, which of the following terms is used to describe the historical pattern of immigration from Mexico? Circular Inverted Reflexive Forced migration

circular

Which factor accounted for the loss of the Gila River among the Pima Indians? none of these construction of housing on the land through which the Gila River formerly ran the construction of the Coolidge Dam severe drought contaminated soil

construction of coolidge dam

Among Hispanic/Latino immigrants, which is the most commonly reported reason for migrating to the United States? Economic reasons None of these Family reasons Educational opportunities

economic reasons

According to the "Seven Major Immigration Myths Debunked" reading, the rate of criminal offenses among migrants is _______ that of natives. Half Double Equal to Three times higher than

equal to

According to Dr. Camara Jones, personally-mediated racism cannot occur if it is unintentional. t/f

f

According to Dr. Camara Jones, the United States has never signed the "International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination." t/f

f

According to the "Age-Adjusted Rates of U.S. Mortality" chart, Hispanics/Latinos have both lower overall mortality rates AND lower mortality rates for all other major health conditions (e.g., diabetes, liver cancer, cervical cancer, HIV, and homicide), relative to the U.S. population. Put another way, is this statement true or false? Hispanics have lower mortality and lower morbidity than the U.S. population as a whole. t/f

f

According to the film "America by the Numbers: Pass or Fail in Cambodia Town," South Asians and Southeast Asians are very similar in terms of educational achievement. t/f

f

Hispanic immigrants are more likely than Asian immigrants to obtain U.S. citizenship. t/f

f

Hispanic immigration is currently growing at a faster rate than Asian immigration. t/f

f

Hispanics/Latinos who are born in the United States have better health than foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos. t/f

f

Historically, U.S. immigration policy has always favored Asians and encouraged their migration to this country. t/f

f

In general, Asians tend to lean Republican. t/f

f

Like the other immigrant groups we have studied, Asian immigrants have much lower rates of college education than U.S.-born Asians. t/f

f

Regardless of how long they live in the U.S., foreign-born Hispanic immigrants retain their mortality advantage over U.S.-born Hispanics. t/f

f

There is strong empirical evidence for the salmon bias theory to explain the Hispanic mortality paradox. t/f

f

true Which Asian subgroup had the lowest poverty rate in 2007-2011? Asian Indian Vietnamese Filipino Japanese Chinese Korean

filipino