DIT CH 1 Midterm

1 microgram

0.001 milligram = _____ microgram

1 kilogram

1000 grams = ____ kilogram

1 milligram

1000 micrograms = ____ milligram

1 gram

1000 milligrams

115

A 6-ounce serving of a beverage contains 450 ml water, 20 g sugar and 5 g alcohol. How many kcal does this beverage supply?

balance

A ___________ between physical activity and caloric intake will help to maintain a healthy weight

117

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 4 ounces of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ____ kcal.

190

A serving of food contains 24 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, 3 ounces of water, 6 g fat, 25 mg vitamin B-12, and 1.8 mg iron. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ____ kcal.

212

A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, 8 g fat, 5 mg vitamin iron, and 4 ounces of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ___kcal.

risk factor

According to numerous scientific studies, low levels of physical activity are associated with increased chances of developing excess body fat and type 2 diabetes. Based on this information, lack of physical activity is a

cells use nutrients from food to carry out their metabolic activity

Choose the answer that best describes human cells: -metabolism occurs outside the cell -cells use nutrients from food to carry out their metabolic activity -cells do not use energy when you are sleeping -cells need food to survive

smoking being obese

Dewayne is a 22-year-old obese college student with Asian ancestry, who smokes cigarettes, doesn't drink alcohol, and doesn't like to eat fruits and vegetables. Which of the following characteristics increases Dewayne's risk of chronic diseases later in his life? - asian ancestry - smoking - being obese - being 22-year-old college student - avoiding alcohol

54%

John likes to make oatmeal cookies. Each oatmeal cookie supplies about 67 kcal, 3 g fat, 9 g carbohydrate, and 1 g protein. Estimate the approximate percentages of total kilocalories in a cookie that are contributed by carbs

40%

John likes to make oatmeal cookies. Each oatmeal cookie supplies about 67 kcal, 3 g fat, 9 g carbohydrate, and 1 g protein. Estimate the approximate percentages of total kilocalories in a cookie that are contributed by fat

6%

John likes to make oatmeal cookies. Each oatmeal cookie supplies about 67 kcal, 3 g fat, 9 g carbohydrate, and 1 g protein. Estimate the approximate percentages of total kilocalories in a cookie that are contributed by protein

smoking sitting

Samantha is a 19-year-old college student with Italian ancestry. Although Samantha smokes cigarettes, she doesn't like the taste of alcohol. When choosing foods, she avoids refined grain products, dairy foods, and salads. She spends much of her time in class, texting friends, studying, watching videos, or sleeping. Which of the following characteristics increases Samantha's risk of chronic diseases later in her life? - italian ancestry - smoking - sitting - being 19-year-old college student - avoiding products made with refined grains

over nutrition is less common in the US than undernutrition

Undernutrition and overnutrition are both problems in the United States. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT - over nutrition is often characterized with obesity - over nutrition is less common in the US than undernutrition - overnutrition can be caused by long-term excessive energy intake - over nutrition is a type of malnutrition

heart disease and cancer

What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States that are associated with poor diet? - chronic low respiratory infection and stroke - heart disease and cancer - Alzheimer's disease and blood borne infections - diabetes and accidents - cancer and kidney disease

smoking cigs

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of most preventable cancer deaths in the United States?

Sugar sweetened soft drinks

Which of the following menu items contains a lot of empty calories? -sugar sweetened soft drinks -whole grain breads -100% fruits juice -fat free dairy products

iron

Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient? -iron -fat -protein -water

vitamin C

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body?

an essential nutrient

_______ must be supplied by your diet

dietary supplements are not

___________ products that are always helpful and are never harmful

family history/genetics

all of the following are lifestyle risk factors for chronic disease EXCEPT: - physical inactivity - cigarette smoking - excessive alcohol - poor diet - family history/genetics

anthocyanin

antioxidant activity; found in red, blue, and purple fruits and vegetables

Micronutrients

body needs 130 mg of nutrient per day, vitamins, minerals, non-energy-yielding nutrients

macronutrients

body requires 130 g of nutrient each day, carbs, fat, every-yeilding nutrient

empty calories

candy, chocolate chip cookies and sugar-sweetened soft drinks are rich sources of ________

nutrient-dense food

certain foods are more nutritious than others, and a food that contains more vitamins and minerals in relation to fat, sugar, and alcohol content is called a(n) ________.

- white flour consists of the endosperm part of the wheat kernel - white flour is an example of a processed food

check all the statements that apply to the description of white flour: - white flour contains wheat germ and bran portions of the wheat kernel - white flour is a 100% whole-grain product - white flour consists of the endosperm part of the wheat kernel - white flour is an example of a processed food

variety

choosing a ________ of foods from each food group ensures that your diet provides all the essential nutrients

Phytochemicals

eating a variety of fruits, vegetables and grain foods will help provide beneficial _______ to your diet

true statements about nutrients

essential nutrients must be supplied by food to prevent a deficiency

nutrient-dense

foods low in calories and high in vitamins and minerals are referred to as ______ foods

pastries

foods that contain a lot of energy and few micronutrients and protein include ______

a healthy diet

generally changes during different stages of life

Resveratrol

may inhibit cancer growth; found in red wine, grapes and chocolate

saponins

may kill certain microbes; found in garlic

Capsaicin

may provide pain relief; found in chili peppers

lutein

may reduce risk of macular degeneration; found in egg yolks

Antioxidant

may reduce the risk of heart disease and protects cells from harmful environmental factors

water

most essential nutrient for life:

foods that are energy dense examples

nuts, donuts, fried foods, butter, salad dressing, cheese

beta-carotene

orange, red and yellow fruits and vegetables that may reduce risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration

capsaicin

pain-relieving properties found in chili peppers

proteins

production of structural and functional components, fluid balance

dietary supplements are

products that can contain an herb or other plant product

dietary supplements are not

products that contain a wide variety of phytochemicals

dietary supplements are

products that increase the intake of vitamins and minerals

vitamins

regulation of body processes, maintenance of immune function

healthier

some foods are much _____ choices than others

vegetables

some foods such as____ are more nutrient-dense that others.

Carbohydrates

source of energy (most forms)

lipids

source of energy, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, cellular development

Quercetin

substance in fruits, vegetables and red wine that may inhibit cancer and reduce risk of heart disease

Isoflavonoids

substance in soybeans with antioxidant activity that may inhibit cancer and reduce risk of heart disease

Caffeine

substance that has a stimulant effect thats in cocoa, coffee and tea

false statement about nutrients

the body makes enough of the essential nutrients to meet its needs

energy dense

the caloric value of a food in relation to its total weight defines how ____ a food is.

nutrients

the foods that you eat contain _______ that are necessary for proper body functioning

metabolism is

the total of all chemical changes that occur in cells

false statement about nutrients

there are no signs and symptoms of a deficiency disease

fresh blueberries

Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? -lean meat -fresh blueberries -raw egg whites -fat free milk

potato chips

Which of the following foods is energy dense? -potato chips -fresh strawberries -leaf lettuce -OJ

grapes

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? - tuna - grapes - hamburger - margarine

caffeine

Which of the following substances is a phytochemical? - iron - vit D - caffeine - cholesterol

81 kcal from fat and 24 kcal from carbohydrate = 105 kcal

calculate kilocalories: 9 g of fat and 6 g of carbs

moderation

when eating portion of various foods and beverages, practice _______________, which means don't eat too much of them

chocolate cupcake

Which of the following foods is the most energy dense per four-ounce serving? -fat free milk -fresh strawberries -chocolate cupcake -OJ

16 kcal from protein, 28 kcal from carbohydrate, and 36 kcal from fat = 80 kcal

calculate kilocalories: 4 g of protein, 7 g of carbs, 4 g of fat

fat free milk

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? -grape drink -olive oil -french fries -fat free milk

28 kcal from protein, 40 kcal from carbohydrate, and 18 kcal from fat = 86 kcal

calculate kilocalories: 7 g of protein, 10 g of carbs, and 2 g of fat

true statements about nutrients

water is the most essential nutrient

carbs provide most food energy

A serving of food supplies 18 g protein, 20 g carbohydrate, 7 g fat, 18 mg vitamin E, 2 mg iron, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? -fat provides about 75% of total cals -fat provides most food energy -vit E provides most food energy -carbs provide most food energy

Fat provides most food energy

A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 15 g fat, 18 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? -fat provides most food energy -carbs provide most food energy -water provides most food energy -protein provides about 50% of total calories

antioxidant

Yamiche is a biochemist with a company that manufacturers substances that can be added to foods to improve their flavor. She's discovered a chemical that she called "Agent X" in beet juice. Agent X prevents human cell membranes from being damaged by highly unstable substances that are in the environment. Based on this information, Agent X is a(an) ____

12 kcal from carbohydrate and 40 kcal from protein = 52 kcal

calculate kilocalories: 3 g of carbs and 10 g of protein

true

true/false: if the nutrient is missing from the diet, a deficiency decrease will eventually develop

true

true/false: the essential nutrients support normal body functions

NOT energy dense examples

vegetables, broth-based soup, air-popped popcorn, fruit, tea = energy dense examples or not energy dense examples?

A B D

Companies may manufacture functional foods for specific health-related benefits. From the list below, check all the statements that describe a functional food. A: Frozen OJ has calcium and vit D added to it, which may help people with brittle bones B: certain type of mold is added to milk, which helps convert the milk to swiss cheese C: a dietary supplement contains phytochemicals as well as vitamins, which may help people reduce their risk of heart disease D: yogurt contains live and active bacterial cultures, which may help people with certain intestinal disorders

1 g of vitamin C

Ads for a popular over-the-counter cold remedy that contains vitamin C suggest that megadoses of the vitamin help prevent or minimize the effects of the common cold. If the label on the product's package states that each pill contains 1,000 mg of vitamin C, how many grams of vitamin C is in each pill? - 100 g of Vitamin C - 1000 g of Vitamin C - 10 g of Vitamin C - 1 g of vitamin C

when a person's diet lacks chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning

Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes. Which of the following features is an indication that this chemical could be a vitamin? -when large amounts of chemical are consumed, no health problems -when a person's diet lacks chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning -chem is in grapes, cherries, and tomatoes -chemical has very limited range of safe intake

smoking avoiding vegetables

Sharia is a 24-year-old college student with white ancestry. Sharia smokes cigarettes, eats nuts and whole-grains, but she doesn't like to consume vegetables. Which of the following characteristics increases Sharia's risk of chronic diseases later in her life? - white ancestry - smoking - eating nuts - being 24-year-old college student - avoiding vegetables

empty-calories

a food contains high amounts of fat and/or added sugars per serving. this food also is a poor source of vitamins and minerals. basked on this description, the food supplies a lot of ______.

protein

Which nutrients is a source of energy? - protein - vitamin D - iron - cholesterol

cancer

Which of the condition is a leading cause of death in the United States that's related to dietary practices?

smoking cigarettes

Which of the following behaviors is a risk factor for heart disease? -having ADHD -being taller than average -smoking cigarettes -consuming excess vitamin C

whole grain bread

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? -whole grain bread -oatmeal cookie -cheese nachos -soft margarine

alcoholics

Which of the following groups of Americans is most at risk of undernutrition? -school aged kids -pregnant women -teen boys -alcoholics

a diet that has a variety contains many different kinds of nutritious foods

Which of the following statements is true? -registered dietitians generally classify foods as either "good" or "junk" -a diet that has a variety contains many different kinds of nutritious foods -walnuts are rich source of empty cals -high does of vitamins and minerals help prevent many serious chronic diseases

nutritional needs of healthy ppl vary during different life stages (infancy and pregnancy)

Which of the following statements is true? -to achieve optimal health, you should individualize you diet to match blood type -by taking dietary supplements that provide nutrients and phytochemicals, ppl can maintain good health without eating foods -regardless of age and physical condition, ppl dont need to take dietary supplements that include vitamins and minerals -nutritional needs of healthy ppl vary during different life stages (infancy and pregnancy)