DNA and RNA
rRNA
makes up the ribosomes, which manufacture polypeptides
rRNA _____.
is part of the ribosomes that manufacture polypeptides
The genetic code is carried by the _____ molecule in most organisms.
DNA
If one amino acid in a sequence of several hundred is changed, a mutation can result. True or False
True
mutation
a change in the genetic information code
DNA
a giant molecule consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphates, and nitrogen bases; contains coded genetic information
RNA
a nucleic acid similar to DNA that uses ribose for the sugar and the nitrogen base uracil in place of thymine
gene
a segment of DNA that contains the information for making protein and, therefore, allows the nucleus to run the cell's activities and carry hereditary traits
Each hereditary trait corresponds to _____.
a sequence of nitrogen bases
The sugar and phosphate portion of the nucleotides are found _____ on the DNA twisted ladder.
as segments of the rails
mRNA
carries the DNA encoded information from the nucleus to the ribosomes; directs polypeptide production
translation
converting the genetic code into the language of proteins
Ribosomal RNA is produced by _____.
nucleoli
The steps of the DNA ladder are made of _____.
paired nitrogen bases
During the process of _____, two rails or sides break apart and attract new nucleotide bases to form a new and complete strand.
replication
chromosome
rod-shaped structure that contains DNA and is located in the nucleus
nucleotide
the combination of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases in DNA or RNA; can combine to code a specific amino acid
replication
the separation of DNA's two polynucleotide chains, each of which then acts as a template for a new chain
transcription
the transfer of genetic code from DNA to an intermediary RNA molecule
During the process of _____, two rails or sides break apart and pair up with RNA nucleotides, assembling mRNA.
transcription
During the process of _____, mRNA decodes information from the original DNA master plan to build proteins in the ribosomes.
translation
tRNA
transports amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosomes during polypeptide production and matches up the amino acids in the polypeptide chain
