DNA and RNA

rRNA

makes up the ribosomes, which manufacture polypeptides

rRNA _____.

is part of the ribosomes that manufacture polypeptides

The genetic code is carried by the _____ molecule in most organisms.

DNA

If one amino acid in a sequence of several hundred is changed, a mutation can result. True or False

True

mutation

a change in the genetic information code

DNA

a giant molecule consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphates, and nitrogen bases; contains coded genetic information

RNA

a nucleic acid similar to DNA that uses ribose for the sugar and the nitrogen base uracil in place of thymine

gene

a segment of DNA that contains the information for making protein and, therefore, allows the nucleus to run the cell's activities and carry hereditary traits

Each hereditary trait corresponds to _____.

a sequence of nitrogen bases

The sugar and phosphate portion of the nucleotides are found _____ on the DNA twisted ladder.

as segments of the rails

mRNA

carries the DNA encoded information from the nucleus to the ribosomes; directs polypeptide production

translation

converting the genetic code into the language of proteins

Ribosomal RNA is produced by _____.

nucleoli

The steps of the DNA ladder are made of _____.

paired nitrogen bases

During the process of _____, two rails or sides break apart and attract new nucleotide bases to form a new and complete strand.

replication

chromosome

rod-shaped structure that contains DNA and is located in the nucleus

nucleotide

the combination of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases in DNA or RNA; can combine to code a specific amino acid

replication

the separation of DNA's two polynucleotide chains, each of which then acts as a template for a new chain

transcription

the transfer of genetic code from DNA to an intermediary RNA molecule

During the process of _____, two rails or sides break apart and pair up with RNA nucleotides, assembling mRNA.

transcription

During the process of _____, mRNA decodes information from the original DNA master plan to build proteins in the ribosomes.

translation

tRNA

transports amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosomes during polypeptide production and matches up the amino acids in the polypeptide chain