Domain IV: Therapeutic Intervention

When caring for an adolescent patient whose body temperature of 102 degrees Fahrenheit or higher is attributed to a viral infection, which antipyretic medication should be avoided? - Acetaminophen - Ibuprofen - Naproxen sodium - Diphenhydramine - Acetylsalicylic acid

Acetylsalicylic acid

Which of the following pieces of information reported in the documentation of a patient's visit would be considered a clinician-based outcome? - Active range of motion (AROM) for shoulder flexion increased by 5 degrees - Patient notes she was able to sleep through the night without waking up due to pain - Patient is unable to complete work-related tasks with increased ease - Patient requires less assistance with activities of daily living

Active range of motion (AROM) for shoulder flexion increased by 5 degrees

An athlete, who is a 5th-year senior, has had four shoulder surgeries and is contemplating a fifth surgery. The coach, teammates, and parents are pressuring the athlete to get the surgery as soon as possible. The athlete begins to exhibit physical, psychological, and emotional withdrawal. Which psychosocial condition is this athlete most likely exhibiting? - Achievement motivation - Anxiety - Adjustment disorder - Burnout

Burnout

For which of the following conditions would the placement of a heel cup in the shoe be of benefit? - Sesamoiditis - Turf toe - Spring ligament sprain - Jones' fracture - Calcaneal contusion

Calcaneal contusion

The design of which type of resistance equipment aims at achieving accommodating resistance? - Pulley-based machines, such as the Universal weight system - Functional movement equipment, such as surgical tubing or exercise bands - Attenuable polymer band-based equipment, such as Bowflex - Cam-based machines, such as Nautilus - Freely moveable weights and iron plates, such as dumbbells and barbells

Cam-based machines, such as Nautilus

When incorporating neuromuscular training into a rehabilitation protocol, which of the following exercises would be considered a multiplanar exercise for the lower extremity? - Mini-squats on a foam roller - Hip adduction using an exercise band for resistance - Forward step-up onto an unstable surface - Carioca drill through an agility ladder - Backward walking on an incline treadmill

Carioca drill through an agility ladder

Which of the following theories of pain management is most likely employed when an athletic trainer uses the massage technique of ischemic compression to stimulate myofascial trigger points? - Ascending mechanism of the gate control theory - Endogenous opiates - Central biasing - Cognitive influence

Central biasing

When equipment manufacturers of electrical stimulation units determine preset pulse durations, they are based on the phase duration required to depolarize a nerve fiber when the amplitude is two times rheobase. What is the term associated with this phase duration? - Chronaxie - Motor depolarization potential - Resting potential - Interpulse interval

Chronaxie

What chronic medical condition that most commonly occurs in women between the ages of 30 and 50 years is treated with supportive care that includes a graded exercise program, proper nutrition, actions to improve sleep, and counseling as needed? - Lyme disease - Chronic fatigue syndrome - Anemia - HIV

Chronic fatigue syndrome

A runner is returning to activity following treatment for Achilles tendonitis. Which type of shoe construction would be most beneficial for this athlete? - Board-last - Slip-last - Curved-last - Combination last

Combination last

The readiness of someone to recognize he or she has a mental health problem and possess the desire to do something about it can be categorized using Prochaska and DiClementi's framework for assessing readiness. In order to assist the patient with developing a treatment plan (including referral), in which of these stages should the patient be categorized? - Precontemplation stage - Preparation stage - Action stage - Contemplation stage - Follow-up stage

Contemplation stage

During diathermy application, which mechanism of heat transfer causes an increase in body tissue temperature? - Radiation - Conversion - Convection - Conduction

Conversion

An athlete is completing a leg extension exercise as part of a rehabilitation program for his knee injury. In the first set, he performs 10 repetitions at 50% of working weight. In the second set, he performs six repetitions at 75% of working weight. In the third set, he performs four repetitions at 100% of working weight. Based on his performance in the third set, he performs as many repetitions as possible in the fourth set at a weight that is 5 lb. more than the working weight. Which of the following commonly used progressive overload systems is the athlete employing? - MacQueen's technique - DeLorme's system - DAPRE technique - Watkin's system - Oxford technique

DAPRE technique

What is the recommended frequency for cleaning and disinfecting a whirlpool that is being used for standard treatments that do not include care of open wounds? - Daily - Weekly - Twice daily - After every athlete's use

Daily

An athlete presents with itching, skin eruptions, swelling, and skin hemorrhages on and about the left knee following use of a neoprene sleeve during a practice session. What is the most appropriate immediate management for this condition? - Discontinue use of the neoprene sleeve and provide the athlete with antihistamine medication - Send the athlete to be tested for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus immediately - Wash the athlete's skin and sleeve with antimicrobial wash - Apply a cotton compressive sleeve under the neoprene sleeve and return the athlete to participation - Select a larger-sized neoprene sleeve to allow for more airflow and return the athlete to participation

Discontinue use of the neoprene sleeve and provide the athlete with antihistamine medication

For an acute injury in the inflammatory phase of the tissue response to trauma, what is the most beneficial effect of cold application? - Decreased need for oxygen through reduction in cellular metabolism - Decreased blood viscosity - Systemic arterial vasoconstriction and reduced tissue perfusion - Promotion of tissue swelling removal

Decreased need for oxygen through reduction in cellular metabolism

Following an injury, an athlete is exhibiting the characteristics of the bargaining stage of the Kubler-Ross classic model of reaction to death and dying. Which stage is this athlete most likely to enter next? - Acceptance - Denial - Anger - Depression - Recovery

Depression

Which type of pain is sharp and well localized? - Myotomic - Sclerotomic - Dermatomic - Neurogenic

Dermatomic

Which of the following iontophoresis medications is indicated for the treatment of inflammation? - Lidocaine with epinephrine - Dexamethasone - Acetic acid - Lidocaine

Dexamethasone

Which of the following factors may extend the duration of recovery from a concussion? - Age greater than 18 years old - Absence of amnesia - Diagnosis of depression or other mental health disorders - First concussion diagnosis

Diagnosis of depression or other mental health disorders

What safety precaution should be taken when using a hot whirlpool as part of the plan of care? - Instruct the patient to drain the whirlpool completely before turning off the whirlpool motor - Instruct the patient to turn the whirlpool motor on only after entering the whirlpool tub - Instruct the patient to turn the whirlpool motor off before exiting the whirlpool tub - Instruct the patient not to turn the whirlpool motor on or off while any body part is in the whirlpool water

Instruct the patient not to turn the whirlpool motor on or off while any body part is in the whirlpool water

Following a superficial heat application, the athlete demonstrates spotty reddening of the treated area that does not itch. What is the correct term for this physiological response? - Anaphylaxis - Ischemia - Urticaria - Mottling - Hyperhidrosis

Mottling

While completing proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) strengthening patterns with a patient, the clinician is able to assess a point in the range at which the patient is unable to generate the same amount of force. Based on this assessment, what might the clinician do at that point in the range of motion to address this deficiency? - Reverse the motion and repeat only through a range in which the patient can provide full resistance - Cue the patient to hold and perform an isometric contraction at that point in the range and then complete the pattern - Stop the pattern and continue with progressive strengthening exercises until the patient can provide full resistance through the range - Provide increased resistance at that point in the range so that the muscle gains extra strength

Cue the patient to hold and perform an isometric contraction at that point in the range and then complete the pattern

What are the common cardiovascular adaptations to a long-term dynamic exercise training program that includes exercises such as running and swimming? Select all that apply. A: Decrease in cardiac output B: Decreased stroke volume C: Decreased diastolic volume D: Decreased resting heart rate E: Increased cardiac output F: Increased stroke volume

D, E, F

Which type of brace is the most appropriate for treating chronic infrapatellar tendonitis? - Counterforce - Neoprene with medial support - Prophylactic - Rehabilitative - Derotation

Counterforce

When fitting a patient for a cane, the patient should be standing, arms at side, and wearing shoes. The clinician should place the cane next to the patient with the bottom end of the cane touching the floor. With what anatomic structure should the top of the cane align? - Anterior superior iliac spine - Lateral epicondyle of the elbow - Crease of the wrist - Metacarpophalangeal joints

Crease of the wrist

You are treating a patient's hamstring muscle belly strain. Your treatment goal is to increase tissue temperature of the affected muscle as much as possible. The treatment area is approximately 8 in. x 20 in. Which of the following methods would best assist in achieving this treatment goal? - Two hot packs side by side to effectively cover the area - Dividing the area in half and doing two identical continuous ultrasound treatments - Continuous ultrasound treatment at an intensity twice that used for a smaller treatment area - Warm whirlpool at a temperature of 98 degrees Fahrenheit to 108 degrees Fahrenheit - Two hot packs one on top of the other placed over the belly of the muscle

Dividing the area in half and doing two identical continuous ultrasound treatments

In an injured tissue, tensile strength of the injured tissue increases rapidly as the tissue progresses through the healing process. At what point in the rehabilitation process does tensile strength slow or even regress? - During the inflammatory process when macrophages clean the area of all debris - During proliferation when capillary buds begin to grow into the healing tissue - During remodeling when type III collagen is replaced with type I collagen - During proliferation when wound contraction occurs

During remodeling when type III collagen is replaced with type I collagen

Your patient presents with complains of cervical spine pain with limited motion. While conducting an examination you note right side cervical hypomobility, attributed to muscle spasms and contractions, causing a right side lateral flexion posture. How should you apply these examination findings to the patient's cervical traction treatment? - During traction you should apply equal tension to both sides of the cervical spine - During traction you should apply greater tension to the right side of the cervical spine - During traction you should apply greater tension to the left side of the cervical spine - You should delay the use of cervical traction until the patient's cervical posture is restored to normal

During traction you should apply greater tension to the right side of the cervical spine

What are the two primary complications that occur following a hand injury that can be addressed through manual therapy techniques? - Pain and loss of function - Edema and stiffness - Paresthesia and strength deficits - Range-of-motion restrictions and dexterity

Edema and stiffness

Based on your examination finding, you have determined your patient's shoulder injury is currently in the inflammatory phase of tissue healing. The treatment goals for this patient address controlling the rate of active inflammation and protecting the injured tissues from secondary trauma and complications. Which of the following therapeutic modalities is most appropriate for meeting these established treatment goals? - Massage - Traction - Biofeedback - Electrical stimulation

Electrical stimulation

Which of the following factors would indicate the need to proceed with surgical intervention for a superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion? - Inability to take pain and anti-inflammatory medications due to gastrointestinal complications - Failure to regain normal range of motion and rotator cuff strength despite 3 to 6 months of rehabilitation - Positive O'Brien's test confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Subjective reports of popping, clicking, or catching within the joint in the first 2 weeks after injury and small range-of-motion deficits

Failure to regain normal range of motion and rotator cuff strength despite 3 to 6 months of rehabilitation

Which of the following types of scaphoid fractures are at increased risk for nonunion and therefore are optimally treated with surgical fixation? - Fractures at the proximal pole with a small gap - Fractures at the distal pole without a gap - Fractures of the middle third that are well-aligned - Fractures at the scaphoid tubercle

Fractures at the proximal pole with a small gap

Before applying joint mobilization techniques, the clinician must consider the relative position of the articulating joint surfaces. In what anatomic position is the glenohumeral joint considered to be in a close-packed position? - Full abduction and full external rotation - 90 degrees of abduction and full internal rotation - Full flexion with full external rotation - 90 degrees of flexion with full internal rotation

Full abduction and full external rotation

A javelin thrower is rehabilitating following an ulnar nerve transposition surgery. What treatment goals must be met before beginning a throwing progression? - Full range of motion, strength, and proprioception in triplanar motions - Pain-free motion, ability to move in triplanar motion, and strength to perform a push-up - Normal muscular endurance, fully healed surgical site, and pain-free pronation/supination - Ability to perform upper extremity weight shifting exercises, normal manual muscle tests, and range of motion to within 10 degrees of full motion

Full range of motion, strength, and proprioception in triplanar motions

Which type of exercises immediately precede performance-specific exercises in the rehabilitation progression? - Straight plane strengthening exercises - Range of motion exercises - Functional exercises - isokinetic exercises

Functional exercises

A soccer player is returning to limited participation drills following a medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus injuries. What type of knee brace is most appropriate for this athlete? - Custom derotation brace - Functional medial hinge brace - Neoprene sleeve - Rehabilitation brace - Prophylactic hinge brace

Functional medial hinge brace

From your pretreatment assessment you determine your patient is still unable to achieve full glenohumeral joint abduction with his involved shoulder compared with his contralateral shoulder. His range is limited by capsular and connective tissue stretches in the absence of pain. Which of the following treatment techniques can best address this patient's short-term goal of increasing glenohumeral joint abduction? - Grade I superior glides of the humerus - Grade II inferior glides of the humerus - Grade III superior glides of the humerus - Grade III inferior glides of the humerus

Grade III inferior glides of the humerus

Following a grade II inversion ankle sprain, a patient is demonstrating nonpainful plantar flexion restrictions compared with the uninvolved extremity. Which of the following techniques would be indicated to address this deficit? - Grade IV oscillatory anterior tibial glide - Grade II sustained posterior glide of the talus - Grade III sustained anterior glide of the talus - Grade I oscillatory calcaneal distraction

Grade III sustained anterior glide of the talus

A competitive weightlifter has begun taking a statin drug to address his elevated blood cholesterol level. Which of the following foods should you recommend this athlete not consume so as to avoid a drug-food interaction with certain statin drugs? - Saltwater fish - Dairy products - Blueberries - Grapefruit juice

Grapefruit juice

A rower of your university's crew team has been in bed recovering from a gastrointestinal infection that began 10 days ago. He contacts you and states he is experiencing muscle weakness in both of his legs along with pain when he moves his ankles and knee joints. He tells you he thought he was recovering from the infection because he does not have a fever anymore, and he cannot understand why he is experiencing these new leg symptoms. Which of the following neurological conditions should you suspect? - Multiple sclerosis - Guillain-Barre syndrome - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Complex regional pain syndrome

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Ove-the-counter antihistamines are often recommended for patients experiencing the effects of seasonal allergies or allergic reactions. Antihistamines should be used with caution in persons with which of the following conditions? - Hypertension - Type I diabetes mellitus - Fibromyalgia - Raynaud's syndrome

Hypertension

Which grade of Kaltenborn's Grade of Traction should be used in conjunction with joint mobilization techniques to treat hypomobility? - I - II - III - IV - V

III

What is the simplest way for a clinician to determine if the treatment he or she is providing a patient is meeting its intended goals? - Use a functional assessment tool before the first treatment session and after the last treatment session - Identify the status of the injury before and after the treatment - Ask the patient to complete a questionnaire to review all signs and symptoms at each treatment session - Compare the treatment to a scholarly research study using the same treatment intervention

Identify the status of the injury before and after the treatment

You are providing an education session for parents and coaches of the Local Little League organization. During the question and answer period, a parent asks if it is safe for her 13-year-old son to be throwing breaking pitches if he is not having any discomfort and only throwing a few of those pitches each inning. How would you respond? - Breaking pitches should not be introduced until a minimum of 16 years of age - Adolescent pitchers should not throw breaking balls until they reach puberty or 16 years of age, whichever comes first - If the athlete is using correct form and not experiencing any pain, it should be safe for him to continue to throw limited breaking pitches - By 13 years of age, it is safe to introduce all types of pitches and continue to increase the frequency and volume of those pitches every 2 to 3 weeks

If the athlete is using correct form and not experiencing any pain, it should be safe for him to continue to throw limited breaking pitches

Even though scoring on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5) should not be used as a stand-alone method to measure recovery or to make decisions about an athlete's readiness to return to participation following a concussion, it can be used to measure recovery and progress. Which of the following score changes on the SCAT5 indicate patient improvement? - Orientation score changes from 5 to 1 - Immediate memory score changes from 9 to 15 - Digits backwards score changes from 4 to 3 - Months in reverse score changes from 1 to 0

Immediate memory score changes from 9 to 15

Which recommendation should you make to an athlete who is taking a narcotic analgesic prescribed for postoperative knee pain? - Increase fluid and fiber intake - Minimize intake of dairy products - Finish the entire prescription - Minimize sun exposure, and use a high SPF sunscreen when in the sun - Use alternative forms of contraception if currently taking birth control pills

Increase fluid and fiber intake

Which of the following responses are associated with the reflexive effects of therapeutic massage? - Elimination of toxins, sedation, and shift in acid-base equilibrium of blood - Increased capillary permeability, pain control, and no significant alterations in general metabolism - Decreased cellular metabolism, increased dispersion of waste products, and release of beta-endorphins and enkephalins - Increased fibroplasia, increase in blood volume and blood flow, and increase in tissue temperature - Central pooling of blood, decreased resting heart rate, and retardation of muscle atrophy

Increased capillary permeability, pain control, and no significant alterations in general metabolism

During your evaluation before initiating a rehabilitation program for a baseball player's shoulder, you determine the following when comparing the throwing shoulder with the contralateral side: an internal rotation deficit, a greater amount of external rotation, and a similar total arc of motion. What anatomic factor is most likely limiting the internal rotation motion of this athlete's throwing side shoulder? - Inflexibility of internal rotator muscles - Inflexibility of external rotator muscles - Hypermobility of the joint capsule - Hypertrophy of internal rotator muscles

Inflexibility of external rotator muscles

Therapeutic modalities are used for primary pain control, secondary pain control, or both. Superficial heat and cold modalities are examples of secondary pain control techniques. What is secondary pain control? - Removing or reducing the mechanical stimulus that is triggering the nociceptors and creating the feeling of pain - Changing the direction of transmission of nociceptor impulses to prevent impulses from reaching the brain - Interrupting the transmission of nociceptor impulses along the central nervous system and/or interrupting these impulses in the brain - Removing or reducing the chemical stimulus that is triggering the nociceptors and creating the feeling of pain

Interrupting the transmission of nociceptor impulses along the central nervous system and/or interrupting these impulses in the brain

An athlete has been prescribed amoxicillin to treat an acute bronchial infection. What is the mechanism of action of this drug? - It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis - It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis - It inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis - It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

A postoperative patient who has been experiencing constipation secondary to use of narcotic pain medication has been instructed to take the laxative Correctol (bisacodyl). What is the mechanism of action of this drug? - It is a fecal softener that works by facilitating formation of a fat and water mixture - It is a saline that draws water into the intestine - It is a hyperosmotic that acts as a local irritant to increase colon fluid - It is a stimulant that increases peristaltic activity - It is a bulk-forming agent that absorbs water and forms emollient gel

It is a stimulant that increases peristaltic activity

An athletic trainer is employing the DAPRE system of strength progression for strength training as part of a rehabilitation program. In the third set, the athlete is able to perform only six repetitions. According to the adjustment guidelines, how should the weight lifted in the fourth set be adjusted from the weight used in the third set? - It should be 0 to 5 lb. less than the amount used in the third set - It should be the same as the amount used in the third set - It should be 5 to 10 lb. greater than the amount used in the third set - It should be 10 to 15 lb. greater than the amount used in the third set

It should be the same as the amount used in the third set

Which of the following conditions would be a contraindication to the use of grade III or IV joint mobilization? - Joint effusion - Pain - Hypomobile joint - Joint adhesions

Joint effusion

Which of the following exercises should be avoided during the initial stages of a rehabilitation program for an athlete with an acute subluxation of the glenohumeral joint? - Rhythmic stabilization - Isometric muscle strengthening - Passive range of motion within a nonprovocative range - Joint mobilization - Gentle active range of motion

Joint mobilization

A master's level swimmer is exhibiting pain in all directions of shoulder joint movement and restrictions of both active and passive range of motion. Because of the pain associated with movement, the athlete is apprehensive about moving the joint at all. In addition to flexibility and pain control modalities, which of the following might you incorporate into this patient's rehabilitation program? - Joint mobilization techniques - Upper extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) diagonal patterns - Upper extremity isokinetic exercises - Closed kinetic chain exercises for the shoulder joint

Joint mobilization techniques

A clinician chooses to use an oscillatory joint mobilization to stretch the joint capsule and other connective tissue structures that are limiting joint motion. Which of the following joint mobilization grades would achieve the desired outcome? - Small amplitude oscillations at the beginning of the range - Small amplitude high-velocity thrust past the pathologic restriction - Large amplitude oscillations in the midrange that do not reach the pathologic limit of motion - Large amplitude oscillation from the midrange up to the pathologic limit of motion

Large amplitude oscillations in the midrange that do not reach the pathologic limit of motion

A rugby player is completing a lower extremity functional progression following a grade II ankle sprain. The athlete has successfully completed lateral jumping, forward-back jumping, and command jumping. Which exercises would be introduced next in this progression? - Stork standing while playing catch on a stable surface moving to an unstable surface - Stork standing with eyes open rotating head left to right while on a trampoline and then on a foam roller - Lateral hopping, forward-backward hopping, and command hopping - Figure-8's, zigzags, and cutting at full speed

Lateral hopping, forward-backward hopping, and command hopping

A 14-year-old freshman running back has been complaining of deep diffuse hip pain for several weeks. The injury has not responded to conservative treatment, so the athlete is referred to the team physician for further evaluation. The physician orders an x-ray of the hip joint, which reveals a flattening of the femoral head on the involved side. When questioned further, the athlete reports hurting his hip when he was 10 after falling on the playground. He wore a brace for a while but then was able to return to full activity. What condition do you suspect? - Osteitis pubis - Hip pointer - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease - Hip labral tear

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Which of the following physiological responses is most associated with the inflammatory phase of the healing process? - Histamines are released from the leukocytes causing vasodilation and decreased cell permeability - Cytokines are responsible for margination of the leukocytes along the cell walls - Fibroblasts synthesize an intracellular matrix - Leukocytes phagocytize most of the foreign debris in the area subsequent to clot formation - Granulation tissue occurs with the breakdown of the fibrin clot

Leukocytes phagocytize most of the foreign debris in the area subsequent to clot formation

What therapeutic modality has demonstrated an improved healing rate for nonunion fractures? - Intermittent compression - Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound - Continuous passive motion - High-intensity continuous ultrasound

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound

A middle-aged recreational softball player has been diagnosed with a lumbar disc injury. On which types of therapeutic exercises should your initial rehabilitation program focus? - Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to increase hamstring flexibility and normal posture - Resistive hamstring curls to increase hamstring strength - Lumbar flexion exercises to increase strength and core stabilization - Lumbar extension exercises to reduce protrusion and restore normal posture

Lumbar extension exercises to reduce protrusion and restore normal posture

An athlete presents to your athletic training facility with an erythema migrans that has enlarged over the last few days. She is experiencing mild headache, some muscle aches, joint aches, and fatigue. Which acute medical condition is most associated with this presentation, and how is it best managed? - Lyme disease; referral to a physician for serological testing and antibiotic therapy - Syphilis; referral to a physician for cerebrospinal fluid screening - Tinea corporis; treat with antifungal cream - Allergic reaction to over-the-counter cold medication; treat with antihistamine - Mononucleosis; referral to physician for complete blood count and monospot test

Lyme disease; referral to a physician for serological testing and antibiotic therapy

Which of the following is a tool for assessing subjective lower extremity function following a postsurgical knee rehabilitation program? - Lysholm scale - Pittsburgh functional assessment scale - Force plate - Balance platform - Single leg hop for distance

Lysholm scale

For which of the following treatment goals is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation an acceptable modality? - Enhance progression from the inflammatory to the repair phase of healing - Decrease pitting edema and enhance lymphatic drainage - Manage chronic pain - Minimize excess scar tissue formation - Increase range of motion and tissue extensibility

Manage chronic pain

An athlete with degenerative disk disease has been completing a core stabilization rehabilitation program for the past 6 months and is becoming discouraged by the lack of improvement in the intensity and quality of the pain he continues to experience. What tool might help provide you with an objective means to show the athlete that progress is being made? - McGill Pain Questionnaire - Activity Pattern Indicators Pain Profile - Visual analog scale - Isokinetic strength test - Sit and reach test

McGill Pain Questionnaire

When asking a patient about pain during the initial assessment, before treatment, after treatment, and at the time of discharge, why should a clinician consider the patient's personality, age, and gender? - Introverts, as opposed to extroverts, are more sensitive to pain and express pain more freely - In older people, the neurological changes that naturally occur with aging elevate their pain threshold - Group leaders, as opposed to followers, are typically more willing to report and express pain - Men tend to have a higher pain tolerance and threshold than women

Men tend to have a higher pain tolerance and threshold than women

When an athlete is diagnosed with an enteroviral infection, and as time progresses, starts reporting symptoms such as increased fatigue, chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, palpitations, pitting edema, and exercise intolerance, what acute inflammatory disease should you suspect? - Myocarditis - Bronchitis - Marfan syndrome - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Myocarditis

You are working with a patient who has been experiencing pain symptoms for more than 6 months. The pain does not seem to be associated with an ongoing disease, but the patient now reports difficulty sleeping due to the pain and symptoms consistent with depression. How would you categorize this patient's condition? - Nociceptive chronic pain - Chronic fatigue syndrome - Neuropathic chronic pain - Psychosocial pain syndrome

Neuropathic chronic pain

Which of the following correctly describes the schedule of controlled substances in which oxycodone is categorized? - Drug has moderate abuse potential - Only moderate psychic or physical dependence liability - No refills without an additional prescription - Verbal orders from physician are permitted - Contains limited quantity of narcotic or nonnarcotic ingredients

No refills without an additional prescription

A freshman field hockey player reports to your athletic training clinic Tuesday morning requesting you take her temperature. She tells you she has been feeling really hot since she woke up at 6 a.m. and the headache that started at that time is worsening. You obtain an oral assessment of her body temperature, which is 102 degrees Fahrenheit, but you do not gather a medical history or conduct a physical examination. You suggest some over-the-counter symptom relief medication and recommend she increase fluid intake an get rest. You also suggest she return to her dorm room and to contact her academic advisor so her professors will know why she is not in class today. The next day you learn the athlete was transported to the emergency department at the local hospital where she was diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. If you are sued by the athlete and her family, what is the basis of the tort of negligence? - Malfeasance - Misfeasance - Nonfeasance - Disfeasance

Nonfeasance

Your university's sports medicine program developed a skin conditions prevention program for the wrestling team 4 years ago. The program was composed of two parts: education on proper and effective personal hygiene practices and administration of prophylactic valacyclovir by mouth daily. What annual data can aid in determining the effectiveness of the therapeutic interventions of this prevention program? - Number of diagnosed cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection - Number of diagnosed cases of herpes simplex infection - Number of diagnosed cases of impetigo infection - Number of diagnosed cases of tinea corporis infection

Number of diagnosed cases of herpes simplex infection

Which of the following health-care providers has authority to prescribe prescription drugs to their patients? - Chiropractor - Nurse practitioner - Registered nurse - Psychologist

Nurse practitioner

A 45-year-old baseball coach sustained an Achilles tendon rupture that was surgically repaired. At what point in the rehabilitation protocol can the patient begin jogging? - Once the patient has 10 to 15 degrees of dorsiflexion - Once the patient has full range of motion and full functional multiplanar strength - Once the patient is pain-free when walking without a boot - Once the patient reaches the 16-week mark postoperatively

Once the patient has 10 to 15 degrees of dorsiflexion

You are treating an athlete with a subacute ankle sprain who has been receiving only cryotherapy. You choose to employ a contrast bath as a transitional modality. Which of the following is a physiological effect of a contrast bath? - Constriction of deep blood vessels with ice immersion - Dilation of deep blood vessels in response to heating - Only a superficial capillary response - A vascular pumping action to effectively remove swelling - A cumulative tissue temperature increase is achieved

Only a superficial capillary response

An athletic trainer is using motor level stimulation to promote muscle reeducation. Where should the active electrode be placed to facilitate this treatment? - At least 6 inches from the dispersive electrode and over the muscle belly - Over the motor point - Over an active trigger point - No more than 6 inches from the dispersive electrode - Any soft tissue area outside the electrical field

Over the motor point

When applying a strain-counterstrain technique, how would the athletic trainer assess the effectiveness of the treatment session? - Range of motion of the involved joint will be improved - Strength of the involved structure will increase - Palpating the original tender point should result in a decrease in pain - Anatomic structures are returned to their normal position

Palpating the original tender point should result in a decrease in pain

Which assessment technique would best assist the clinician in determining when an athlete should be moved from cryotherapy to thermotherapy modalities? - Goniometric measurements - Visual analog scale for pain - Functional testing - Palpation to assess point tenderness - Ligamentous stress tests

Palpation to assess point tenderness

A patient presents with a right hand second digit that appears swollen, is sensitive to light touch, and is warm to the touch mostly in the area of the proximal interphalangeal joint. He reports sustaining trauma to the finger 3 days ago during wrestling practice. Based on the phase of the tissue response to injury his tissues are currently experiencing, which therapeutic modality is contraindicated for managing his pain? - Paraffin bath - Ice immersion - Therapeutic laser - Nonthermal ultrasound

Paraffin bath

A swimmer with a history of migraines is traveling to the Caribbean to train over winter break. Which of the following activities should this athlete avoid? - Parasailing - Touring historic churches - Hiking in the jungle - Zip line riding

Parasailing

A patient with an anterior iliac rotation has been successfully treated with muscle energy techniques. What exercises should the patient be taught to maintain the effect of the treatment? - Pelvic tilt and bilateral knees to chest exercises - Press-ups and high flexor stretches - Thomas stretch and single knee to chest stretch - Hold-relax stretches with knee to opposite shoulder

Pelvic tilt and bilateral knees to chest exercises

A collegiate student athlete returns from the student health center with a prescription for cephalexin (Keflex) to treat an infection. You immediately realize that the athlete will most likely have an allergic reaction to this drug. A history of allergy to which of the following antibiotic classes would make this athlete sensitive to this drug? - Fluoroquinolone - Tetracycline - Macrolide - Sulfonamide - Penicillin

Penicillin

Which type of exercises help transition a patient from the aggressive phase of rehabilitation to functional activities following surgical repair of lateral epicondylopathy? - Progressive resistive exercises - Closed kinetic chain balance exercises - Plyometric exercises - Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises

Plyometric exercises

Which of the following conditions within the potential treatment area, determined through a pretreatment interview and examination, eliminate the use of thermal ultrasound from the patient's treatment plan? - Possible open epiphyseal (growth) plates - Presence of metal plates and/or screws - Presence of joint replacement using plastic or fixated bone cement - Presence of scar tissue

Presence of joint replacement using plastic or fixated bone cement

Which of the following commonly prescribed gastrointestinal drugs treats peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Helicobacter pylori through inhibition of protein-pump acid secretion? - Pepto-Bismol - Prevacid - Tagamet - Pepcid - Zantac

Prevacid

In addition to evidence regarding the efficacy of treatment interventions and the clinician's knowledge of rehabilitation techniques and strategies, what other factor should be a primary consideration when developing a functional rehabilitation program? - Rehabilitation protocols that list specific exercises and outcomes that must be obtained within previously outlined time frames - Priorities and goals of the patient regarding functional abilities after injury - Scores on validated functional outcome measures - Commonly accepted standard of care for the profession

Priorities and goals of the patient regarding functional abilities after injury

In the process of referring an athlete for psychosocial counseling, which of the following poorly demonstrates professional considerations and subsequent actions? - Expressing your concern for the athlete's welfare and optimal well-being - Protecting yourself, others, and the athlete - Continuing to be supportive to the athlete throughout treatment - Assisting as requested in the communication process with the mental health professional - Probing into the nature of the athlete's past therapy sessions

Probing into the nature of the athlete's past therapy sessions

A clinician is instructing a patient on using rubber tubing for ankle joint resisted range of motion exercises. The patient notices the tubing the clinician has given him is frayed on the edges and thin in various locations. When the patient expresses concern about the strength of the tubing, the clinician assures him the tubing is fine but does not inspect the tubing. While completing his second set of exercises, the patient's tubing snaps in half near the attachment to the ankle and recoils backward hitting the patient in the eye. In subsequent weeks the patient is evaluated and treated by an ophthalmologist and misses 12 days of work. If this patient pursues legal action against the clinician, what would a court be likely to find this clinician guilty of? - Ordinary negligence - Professional negligence - Gross negligence - Vicarious liability

Professional negligence

Which of the following somatic-based relaxation strategies is based on the premise that it is impossible to be nervous or tense if muscles are completely relaxed? - Differential relaxation - Progressive relaxation - Rhythmic breathing - Concentration breathing - 1:2 breathing

Progressive relaxation

An athlete has reached the last phase of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction rehabilitation program. You have assessed his knee extension, and the athlete is lacking 5 degrees of terminal knee extension with a hard-end feel. Which of the following rehabilitation components should be added to address this limitation? - Prone extension hangs with distally positioned weight - Functional biofeedback - Posterior tibial glides - Plyometrics - Proprioception training

Prone extension hangs with distally positioned weight

What should be the primary focus of the initial phase of a rehabilitation program? - Restoring passive range of motion - Restoring active range of motion - Protecting injured tissues - Facilitating muscular strength - Restoring proprioceptive function

Protecting injured tissues

During the remodeling phase of the healing process, which nutrients are most important to facilitate healing? - High-quality carbohydrates and vitamin K - Proteins and vitamin C - Healthy fats and vitamin E - Omega-3 fatty acids and iron

Proteins and vitamin C

When using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques, what can a clinician do to help the patient produce a stronger initial response from the muscle, especially when changing the direction of motion? - Give clear verbal cues 2 to 3 seconds before the action you want the patient to take - Passively move the patient through the pattern before attempting it actively - Use manual pressure to guide motion in the appropriate direction - Provide a quick stretch immediately before beginning the movement pattern

Provide a quick stretch immediately before beginning the movement pattern

When beginning and progressing functional balance exercises with an older patient, what precautions should be taken? - Avoid any exercises that involve removing visual input - Keep individual balance sets to less than 15 seconds - Have the patient repeat the balance exercise for a minimum of six sessions before advancing - Provide a spot for the patient each time that the progression is changed or advanced

Provide a spot for the patient each time that the progression is changed or advanced

A wrestler at the junior college where you provide athletic training services reports to your athletic training facility the Monday morning following Thanksgiving break. He states that when he left campus Tuesday afternoon to head home for break he was not feeling well and thought he was run down and getting sick. When he arrived home he noticed a lesion on his shoulder that he recognized as herpes simplex, which he had seen on other wrestlers but had not experienced in his wrestling career. When you observe the lesions you note they are fully formed, ruptured, and crusted over. In compliance with the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on skin diseases, how should this patient's skin condition be managed? - Immediately refer to a physician to obtain a prescription for oral antiviral medication, such as acyclovir or valacyclovir, to treat the outbreak - Apply a topical antiviral medication cream to the entire area and cover with a gas-permeable membrane dressing - Apply a topical antifungal agent, such as terbinafine, naftifine, or ciclopirox - Provide education on prevention of skin conditions and continue to monitor this athlete for herpes simplex symptoms and to identify any new active outbreaks

Provide education on prevention of skin conditions and continue to monitor this athlete for herpes simplex symptoms and to identify any new active outbreaks

When discussing a home exercise program with an athlete for whom English is a second language, what strategies can you use to determine if the athlete understands your instructions? - Speak slowly and loudly to make it easier for the athlete to understand the instructions - Provide pictures of the exercises and ask the athlete to demonstrate them before leaving the clinic - Explain the exercises to the athlete's roommate and let the roommate monitor the athlete - Translate the exercise instructions into the athlete's primary language

Provide pictures of the exercises and ask the athlete to demonstrate them before leaving the clinic

Which type of exercises should be incorporated into the rehabilitation program of an athlete exhibiting a Trendelenburg gait in order to target the underlying cause of the abnormal gait? - Resisted hip adduction range of motion - Resisted hip abduction range of motion - Resisted hip extension range of motion - Resisted hip flexion range of motion

Resisted hip abduction range of motion

As running speeds increase, which muscle group's time of activity increases significantly during both stance and swing phases of gait? - Hamstrings - Gastrocnemius - Quadriceps - Tibialis anterior

Quadriceps

What is the most common treatment for symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? - Use of a beta blocker - Implantation of a pacemaker - Cardiac catheterization - Radiofrequency catheter ablation

Radiofrequency catheter ablation

As the athletic trainer at a small, rural high school, your budget does not provide for heart rate monitors. Which of the following would best assist you in ensuring that an athlete who is completing a cardiovascular training program on a bicycle is staying within the aerobic training zone? - Sweat rate - Fluid consumption - Rating of perceived exertion - Peak flow

Rating of perceived exertion

An athlete is completing a core stabilization program. You instruct the athlete to complete three sets of 10 pelvic tilts with a 10-second hold and 45 seconds between sets. How would you properly note the 45-second period in your documentation of the rehabilitation session? - Rest period: 45 sec - Recovery period: 45 sec - Total rest time: 90 sec - Refractory period: 45 sec - Relaxation period: 45 sec

Recovery period: 45 sec

An athlete is returning to a walking progression following knee surgery. Analysis of the athlete's walking gait reveals a shortened stride length and initial foot contact in the midfoot rather than the heel, and toe-off looks like a foot lift rather than rolling from heel to toe. What is likely causing the gait impairment that needs to be addressed before the athlete can continue with the functional progression? - Weak gluteus medius - Weak quadriceps - Restricted ankle motion - Restricted knee extension

Restricted knee extension

A cross country runner is being treated for iliotibial (IT) band friction syndrome. The clinician has been treating the athlete with deep tissue massage to relieve adhesions along the tensor fascia latae and IT band. What directions should be given to the athlete to maintain the effects of treatment? - Ice massage for 15 minutes after every workout to decrease inflammation - Roll from knee to thigh on the foam roller rolling back and forth over areas that are most tender and restricted - Sleep side lying with affected side up and a bolster underneath the hip to provide sustained stretch to the tensor fascia latae - Perform isometric hip abduction exercises, holding each for 6 to 10 seconds using a wall or table leg for resistance

Roll from knee to thigh on the foam roller rolling back and forth over areas that are most tender and restricted

Barring any significant medical contraindications, which of the following exercise activities are safe to participate in during pregnancy? - Basketball if the individual was participating regularly before becoming pregnant - Running if the individual was running regularly before becoming pregnant - Hot yoga if the session is limited to less than 90 minutes - Scuba diving if not undergoing initial certification

Running if the individual was running regularly before becoming pregnant

Which principle of reconditioning also pertains to progressions of functional and sport-specific activities? - SAID - DAPRE - Diminishing returns - Consistency

SAID

When completing a rehabilitation program following arthroscopic repair for anterior shoulder instability, what must be present before an athlete can progress to functional activities that place the arm above shoulder level? - Scapular stability - Full range of motion - Strength with normal limits - Pain-free capsular motion with joint mobilizations in all directions

Scapular stability

When using cross-friction massage to treat supraspinatus tendinopathy, how should the patient be positioned to allow optimal exposure of the tendon? - Supine with arm abducted to 90 degrees and elbow extended - Supine with the shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and externally rotated - Seated with shoulder internally rotated so that back of hand is resting over lumbar spine - Seated with arm in anatomic position, extended and palm facing forward

Seated with shoulder internally rotated so that back of hand is resting over lumbar spine

You have chosen to use ultrasound treatment to increase tissue temperature and increase tissue extensibility on an athlete with patellar tendinosis. To most effectively reach the target tissue, which treatment parameters should be selected? - Select a 20% duty cycle, 1-MHz frequency, and a ketoprofen-based coupling medium - Select a 50% duty cycle, 2-W/cm2 frequency, and a bladder coupling medium - Select a 75% duty cycle, 1.5-W/cm2 frequency, and an underwater coupling medium - Select a 100% duty cycle, 1-MHz frequency, and a direct coupling medium - Select a 100% duty cycle, 3-MHz frequency, and a gel-based coupling medium

Select a 100% duty cycle, 3-MHz frequency, and a gel-based coupling medium

Which of the following agility tests could be used to objectively assess patient function before return to play? - 60-yard sprint - Standing vertical jump - Shuttle run - Single jump for distance

Shuttle run

You are working with a pediatric patient who has been diagnosed with lateral tibial torsion. You are educating the child and the mother about common sitting postures that may contribute to the condition. Which posture would you recommend to the parent that the child should be coached to avoid? - Sitting with knees fully flexed and toes pointing away from the body - Sitting with knees full flexed and great toes touching, like child's pose in yoga - Cross-legged in Indian style position with ankles crossed - Cross-legged with ankles resting against the opposite knee

Sitting with knees fully flexed and toes pointing away from the body

Which type of arthrokinematic motion is described as one point on the surface of a joint coming into contact with new points on the opposite joint surface? - Roll - Spin - Slide - Rock

Slide

In the initial stages of infectious mononucleosis, the patient may present with fatigue, pharyngitis, fever, lymphadenopathy, tonsillitis, jaundice, and a maculopapular rash. In approximately 50% of patients with infectious mononucleosis, what develops in the second or third week of the disease? - Hepatomegaly - Strep throat - Splenomegaly - Guillain-Barre syndrome

Splenomegaly

An athlete who sustained an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sprain and subsequently underwent a surgical reconstruction and rehabilitation program approximately 15 years ago contacts your institution requesting coverage of medical bills for a surgical procedure to address osteoarthritis that has developed in the affected knee. Which form of legal protection should protect the institution in this situation? - Institutional liability insurance - Good Samaritan laws - Statutes of limitations - Participation agreement

Statutes of limitations

At her previous rehabilitation session your patient successfully completed both the stork stance and the tandem stand on a stable surface for 30 seconds, without a loss of balance, multiple times. What lower extremity proprioception exercise should this patient progress to next? - Single leg standing on a trampoline with eyes open - Double leg standing on a foam roller and catching a tossed ball - Stork stance on stable surface with eyes closed - Tandem stand on an unstable surface with eyes closed

Stork stance on stable surface with eyes closed

An athlete completing a functional rehabilitation program following a medical meniscectomy is frustrated because he is having difficulty recovering his agility. Which of the following professionals would be most helpful to consult while adjusting the rehabilitation protocol? - Sport coach - Team physician - Strength and conditioning specialist - Physical therapist

Strength and conditioning specialist

While completing a rehabilitation program, a baseball player performs resistive glenohumeral internal rotation exercises using an exercise band. As the athlete returns to the start position of the exercise, slowly allowing the exercise band to recoil, which muscle is the athlete using? - Subscapularis - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Biceps brachii

Subscapularis

The senior captain of your university's women's tennis team begins displaying symptoms consistent with multiple sclerosis, including unilateral arm weakness. The team physician disqualifies her from tennis participation and all training for 3 weeks until she can be examined by a neurologist. Ten days into her 3 weeks of disqualification, the athlete reports sleep disturbances, increased sweating, emotional irritability, irregular heartbeat, disturbed digestion, and a severe decrease in appetite. What serious psychological and physiological condition has this athlete developed as a result of being disqualified? - Sudden exercise abstinence syndrome - Emotional burnout - Staleness - Sudden-onset situational depression

Sudden exercise abstinence syndrome

You are performing lateral glides of the patella to address your patient's lateral glide of deficit and assist in improving his knee flexion range of motion. How should you position the patient to administer this treatment? - Supine with the knee extended - Supine with the knee flexed 25 degrees - Supine with the knee flexed between 25 degrees and 45 degrees - Seated with the knee flexed between 0 degrees and 70 degrees

Supine with the knee extended

Anterior shoulder instability can be treated in a variety of ways based on the severity and chronicity of the pathology. Match the following rehabilitation considerations to the appropriate treatment regimen. (Surgical Repair, Acute Instability without Surgical Repair, Chronic Instability without Surgical Repair) A: Sling to limit motion for 3 to 6 weeks B: Healing tissue should be protected C: No motion limitations D: External rotation and abduction with external rotation limited for several weeks then progressed E: Motion is limited by pain F: No protection of healing tissue required G: Begin with active assistive exercises and progress rapidly to active strengthening H: Sling for several days up to 4 weeks I: Begin with passive exercises and then progress to active assistive exercises followed by active strengthening J: Sling typically not required K: Protect healing tissue initially as dictated by pain L: Begin with active strengthening exercise progression

Surgical Repair: A, B, D, I Acute Instability without Surgical Repair: E, G, H, K Chronic Instability without Surgical Repair: C, F, J, L

Traction is used to provide a longitudinal force that stretches tissues or relieves pressure on various structures. Traction forces can be provided in a sustained or intermittent manner depending on the desired outcomes. Match each of the following pathologies to the type of traction that is generally indicated. A: Facet joint pathology B: Degenerative disk disease C: Nerve root impingement D: Acute disk protrusion E: Muscle spasm

Sustained: B, C, E Intermittent: A, D

An athlete has sustained a hamstring strain. Which of the following physiological events indicates the fibroblastic repair phase of the healing process for this injury? - Immediate vasoconstriction followed by reflex vasodilation, stagnation, and stasis - Formation of an insoluble fibrin clot and phagocytosis - Synthesis of intracellular matrix and formation of granulation tissue - Formation of fibroblasts, decrease in type III collagen fiber, and increase in type I collagen fibers - Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and production of collagen fibers

Synthesis of intracellular matrix and formation of granulation tissue

What is the most important educational instruction to provide a patient regarding the use of over-the-counter medications? - Take the medication as instructed on the label - Select a medication that addresses multiple symptoms to ensure the most effective treatment - Understand that dosing is only a recommendation and that doses can be doubled safely - Take all medications with food and/or a full glass of milk or water to minimize gastrointestinal upset - Selecting natural medications minimizes adverse reactions and side effects

Take the medication as instructed on the label

A cheerleader who is returning to functional activities following a patellar dislocation notes pain with activities such as step downs and squats. Evaluation reveals that the cheerleader's patella sits laterally in the trochlear groove. How might the athletic trainer use McConnell taping techniques to improve muscle activation and rehabilitation outcomes? - Tape anchored on the lateral border of the patella with a medical pull and a medial fold anchoring on the medial condyle - Tape anchored on the medial border of the patella with a lateral pull and a lateral fold anchoring on the lateral condyle - Tape anchored on the middle of the patella and pulled toward the medial femoral condyle so that the lateral border is lifted - Tape anchored on the superior half of the patella and pulled upward lifting the inferior pole and anchoring on the quadriceps, minimizing pressure on the patellar tendon

Tape anchored on the lateral border of the patella with a medical pull and a medial fold anchoring on the medial condyle

Which massage stroke is most effective in a patient with cystic fibrosis who needs assistance releasing fluid and mucous blockages? - Effleurage - Petrissage - Friction - Tapotement

Tapotement

Which of the following would indicate that the pace and intensity of a functional progression need to be adjusted because the progression may not be meeting the intended goals? - The athlete is demonstrating extreme confidence and decreased anxiety and apprehension - The activity is resulting in increased swelling and pain following a treatment session - The injury has reached a specific point in the time frame of the healing process - The athlete is mastering functional activities but has not yet mastered sport-specific skills

The activity is resulting in increased swelling and pain following a treatment session

A professional badminton player is returning to a sport-specific training progression following rotator cuff repair. After initiating some serving drills with sport equipment, the athlete comes in the following day complaining of soreness in the erector spinae musculature. Which of the following observations might indicate to the clinician that the athlete is not yet ready to progress to this level of functional training? - The athlete grunts while completing the serve, indicating he is eliciting a significant amount of core power - The athlete seems to be hyperextending his trunk in order to get the racket in the correct position to complete the serving motion - The athlete seems to be rotating his trunk on the follow-through phase of the serve as his arm comes across his body - The athlete begins to become winded and rests with hands on knees after completing 7 to 10 serves

The athlete seems to be hyperextending his trunk in order to get the racket in the correct position to complete the serving motion

A young athlete experiences epistaxis. The bleeding has been controlled. What instructions should you give the athlete regarding continued care? - The athlete should be cautioned to refrain from blowing the nose for several hours and should avoid taking aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - The athlete should be instructed to apply antibiotic ointment over the scab and to keep the area dry and covered - The athlete can return to full activity but is required to wear a protective faceguard - The athlete should sit out for the remainder of the day's practice and use ice and analgesic medication as needed

The athlete should be cautioned to refrain from blowing the nose for several hours and should avoid taking aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

An athlete with exercise-induced asthma uses his short-acting beta-2-agonist metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer 10 to 15 minutes before practice. During the practice session, the athlete repeats MDI use three times. How should you best manage this athlete? - The athlete should be instructed to drink more water than his teammates because this medication can cause dehydration - The athlete should be reinstructed in proper usage of the inhaler - The athlete should be instructed to take an over-the-counter antihistamine before practice to minimize the effects of environmental triggers - The athlete should be referred to the team physician for evaluation of his current asthma treatment plan

The athlete should be referred to the team physician for evaluation of his current asthma treatment plan

A physician's rehabilitation prescription states the following: "Dx: 4 wks s/p ACL recon US 100% qod. LE: CKC exs qd." Which of the following best illustrates correct application of this prescription? - The athlete should receive ultrasound at 100% intensity every day and complete concentric knee contractions every day - The athlete should receive continuous ultrasound every other day and complete mini-squat exercises every day - The athlete should receive ultrasound before each rehabilitation session and complete terminal knee extensions every other day - The athlete should complete concentric knee cocontractions while receiving continuous ultrasound daily - The athlete should receive 100% intensity ultrasound every other day and complete BAPS board exercises twice a day for the next 4 weeks

The athlete should receive continuous ultrasound every other day and complete mini-squat exercises every day

A male athletic trainer elects to use massage to treat a female soccer player's high hamstring strain. Which of the following actions would best protect the athletic trainer from any perception of inappropriate physical contact? - The athletic trainer could ask a female staff member to sit in during the treatment session - The athletic trainer could videotape the treatment session - The athletic trainer could require the athlete to sign a statement of consent for treatment - The athletic trainer could complete the treatment in the middle of the main treatment and rehabilitation area of the athletic training room

The athletic trainer could ask a female staff member to sit in during the treatment session

An athletic trainer working in the industrial setting is attempting to make the exercises she selects for her patients as job specific as possible. Which of the following staff members might assist the athletic trainer in creating this type of work-specific exercise program? - The employee's supervisor - The plant nurse - The plant's risk management specialist - The company's ergonomist

The company's ergonomist

As a clinician it is important to assess patient outcomes. One assessment tool is the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). PROMIS tools measure a variety of health-related domains, including pain. What does the PROMIS Pain Interference tool measure? - The effect a patient's pain has on his or her social, cognitive, emotional, physical, and recreational activities as well as sleep - The effect a patient's pain has on his or her behavior, including crying, facial expressions, and asking for help - The effect a patient's pain has on his or her thinking, including ability to concentrate, complete tasks, and plan future actions - The effect a patient's pain has on his or her interpersonal relationships with family members, friends, coworkers, and superiors

The effect a patient's pain has on his or her social, cognitive, emotional, physical, and recreational activities as well as sleep

When applying manual resistance as part of a strengthening protocol, how much force should the clinician provide? - The forces applied should be high enough that the patient struggles to move slowly through the range of motion - The force provided should be altered as needed to allow the patient to move smoothly through the full range of motion - The force applied should be minimal touch only pressure to encourage the patient to actively establish range of motion - The force applied should be overpressure at the end range to push the patient into a full arc of motion

The force provided should be altered as needed to allow the patient to move smoothly through the full range of motion

Before beginning your patient's treatment program, you ask him to sign an "Informed Consent for Treatment" form. How should you explain the purpose of this form to the patient? - The form serves as a waiver of the patient's right to pursue claims of negligence against you as the clinician - The form serves as a waiver of the patient's right to pursue claims of liability against the facility where you are providing care - The form protects you, the treating clinician, from the patient pursuing claims of criminal battery against you - This form protects the facility where you are providing care by prohibiting patients from refusing any form of treatment, therapeutic modality, or rehabilitation

The form protects you, the treating clinician, from the patient pursuing claims of criminal battery against you

Which of the following best defines hysteresis as it relates to stretching? - The inability of tissue to completely respond to successive load application forces, resulting in tissue elongation - The ability of tissue to return to its normal length following application of successive load forces - The inability of tissue to resist a load, resulting in the tissue's yield point being exceeded - The ability of tissue to receive and respond to successive stimuli, resulting in tissue and joint stabilization - The inability of tissue mechanoreceptors to sense and respond to changes in tissue length and tension

The inability of tissue to completely respond to successive load application forces, resulting in tissue elongation

A member of your university's women's volleyball team has recently been diagnosed with inflammation of her peroneal tendons. A fellow athletic trainer has asked you to address this patient's inflammation using a treatment of dexamethasone 0.4% administered via phonophoresis. To best comply with state pharmacy practice acts, who should be prescribed the medication being used for this treatment? - The patient - The clinician - The treatment facility - The university

The patient

A basketball player is struck in the ear by the opponent's open hand. The player reports immediate, intense ear pain, a whistling sound, and decreased hearing. During your evaluation, you visualize a small tympanic membrane perforation. What instructions will you give this athlete until a physician can evaluate? - All tympanic membrane perforations require surgical repair, so the player should look into his insurance coverage - The player will be required to miss 4 to 6 weeks of practice and will most likely be prescribed an antibiotic - The player's tympanic membrane will most likely heal on its own, but the player must avoid getting water in the ear - The injury will permanently affect the player's hearing, so he should immediately contact disability services on campus to schedule a consultation

The player's tympanic membrane will most likely heal on its own, but the player must avoid getting water in the ear

To depolarize excitable tissue such as nerves, which of the following criteria regarding the applied electrical current must be met? - The amount of time the current flows in one direction must be short enough to allow the membrane to repolarize - The rate of rise of the leading edge of the electrical pulse must be rapid enough to prevent accommodation - The electrical current must change direction frequently enough to cause the nerve to depolarize - The peak intensity of the current must be high enough to depolarize the nerve

The rate of rise of the leading edge of the electrical pulse must be rapid enough to prevent accommodation

Which of the following is a major advantage of using isokinetic resistance exercise in a rehabilitation plan? - A constant amount of resistance delivered through the full range of motion - The ability to work through a full unrestricted range of motion - Enhanced hyperplasia of muscle fibers compared with other types of resistance training - Decreased lactic acid accumulation during a period of exercise - The safety of the exercise because the resistance will not exceed the amount of force this patient can produce

The safety of the exercise because the resistance will not exceed the amount of force this patient can produce

You are working with a patient with acute back pain and researching the efficacy of various interventions. You review a study on the use of acute lumbopelvic manipulation to relieve acute low back pain. The reference article has a Level II validation. What does this imply about this treatment intervention? - The study is prospective in nature using a variety of patients and clinicians to evaluate the impact on clinical practice. Clinicians can use the results in a variety of settings with confidence that will improve patient outcomes - The study is prospective in nature with a variety of patients and clinicians, and the intervention can be used with confidence in a variety of settings - The study is prospective in nature and uses similar patients and clinicians. The results are best used in settings similar to those in the research - The study is retrospective in nature or is a new original research project. The results should not be used exclusively until further validation can be conducted

The study is prospective in nature with a variety of patients and clinicians, and the intervention can be used with confidence in a variety of settings

You are instructing your patient on home care of his wound. What wound cleaning instructions should you provide? - Showering should be avoided, as the water pressure can damage healing tissues - The wound should be scrubbed to reduce bacteria and promote tissue granulation - The wound can be soaked in saline or potable tap water to hydrate the wound - Antiseptics, such as 1% povidone-iodine, should not be used when cleaning the wound because they are toxic to the tissue

The wound can be soaked in saline or potable tap water to hydrate the wound

With respect to therapeutic ultrasound, what is the stretching window? - Minimal number of minutes that tissue should be stretched following an ultrasound treatment - Theoretical time interval between cessation of an ultrasound treatment and initiation of a stretching protocol - Minimal number of minutes between onset of ultrasound treatment and achievement of maximal tissue heating - Theoretical period following a stretching session before a second ultrasound treatment can be initiated - Theoretical period of vigorous heating when tissues will undergo the greatest extensibility and elongation

Theoretical period of vigorous heating when tissues will undergo the greatest extensibility and elongation

In patients older than 30 years of age, why is it important to minimize the period of immobilization following a rotator cuff repair? - These patients are at increased risk for adhesive capsulitis - These patients are likely to lose proprioception and neuromuscular control - These patients have greater strength deficits requiring more rehabilitation to achieve normal strength - These patients have slower surgical wound healing rates

These patients are at increased risk for adhesive capsulitis

Which of the following cognitive-based relaxation strategies is geared toward eliminating negative thoughts that are linked to the spiraling effects of anxiety? - Thought stoppage and reframing - Desensitization - Disassociation - Autogenic training - Meditation

Thought stoppage and reframing

Which of the following is considered a purpose of dynamic (mobilization) splints? - To correct an existing deformity - To prevent further deformity - To immobilize - To provide support for joint laxity and ligament injury - To prevent a soft tissue contracture

To correct an existing deformity

What is the role of active assistive exercises in a comprehensive rehabilitation program? - To promote strengthening when the athlete can work only against resistance through a partial range of motion - To increase strength when the athlete can produce maximum force against a resistance through the full range of motion - To improve joint kinesthesia when the athlete can move through the full range of motion without resistance - To improve range of motion when the athlete lacks more than 50% of joint range of motion compared with the uninvolved side - To improve range of motion when the strength of muscles is not sufficient to move the joint through a full unrestricted range of motion

To improve range of motion when the strength of muscles is not sufficient to move the joint through a full unrestricted range of motion

What is the purpose of using a coupling medium when completing an ultrasound treatment? - To provide a conduit for the sound waves - To minimize the athlete's potential adverse reaction to sound wave transmission - To reduce the uncomfortable sensation associated with sound wave absorption - To minimize risk of accumulating harmful rebound waves - To minimize deflection of the energy by the skin

To provide a conduit for the sound waves

During practice a male soccer player is struck in the scrotum by another player's foot and is laying on the field unable to get up on his own. After determining the athlete's problem, you ask the athlete to lie supine and flex his hips and knees to 90 degrees and then perform a Valsalva maneuver. What is the purpose of this management technique? - To distract the athlete from the pain by completing a psychomotor skill - To increase blood flow to the area - To reduce associated muscle spasm - To reduce possible spermatic cord torsion

To reduce associated muscle spasm

What is the purpose of decreasing activity and minimizing compressive forces on a healing stress fracture? - To restore balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity - To increase blood flow and fibroblastic activity in the area - To increase phagocytic activity - To prevent disruption of blood flow and development of avascular necrosis

To restore balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity

An athlete has sustained an abrasion to his elbow area. The skin in that area has developed yellow, or honey-colored, crusted lesions on an erythematous base. These small pea-shaped lesions have erupted, leaving purulent discharge on the skin. The lesions are painless yet pruritic. What is the best management plan for this patient's condition? - Topical antifungal medication and removal from activity for 48 hours - Oral antiviral medication and cover lesions for all contact activity - Topical or oral antibiotics and removal from contact activities until lesions have cleared - Topical antihistamine medication and an oral antiviral medication and remove from activity for 24 hours - Oral steroid medication and cover lesions for all contact activity

Topical or oral antibiotics and removal from contact activities until lesions have cleared

Physical training programs are usually divided into different cycles. Which of the following statements best describes a macrocycle? - Training periods lasting 1 to 4 weeks - Training periods lasting several weeks to months - Training periods lasting a year or more depending on the athlete - Training periods lasting 1 to 3 days

Training periods lasting a year or more depending on the athlete

An athlete with a functionally unstable ankle is completing a neuromuscular control rehabilitation program. Today the athlete has completed the bilateral balancing exercises on an unstable surface with visual input. Which of the following is most appropriate to follow this exercise in the progression? - One-foot balance on a rocker board with eyes open - One-foot balance on hard floor with eyes closed - One-foot balance on hard floor with eyes open and therapist providing perturbation - Two-foot balance on a foam pad with eyes closed - Two-foot balance on a foam pad with eyes closed and therapist providing perturbation

Two-foot balance on a foam pad with eyes closed

When rehabilitating an athlete with an excessive Q-angle who has a laterally subluxating patella, the strength and neuromuscular control of which muscle should be emphasized? - Tensor fascia latae - Rectus femoris - Semimembranosus - Vastus medialis oblique

Vastus medialis oblique

Athletic trainers, similar to all health-care providers, have a legal, moral, and ethical responsibility to know not only the correct use of each therapeutic device but also the contraindications and precautions for administering each device. The user's guide provided by the therapeutic modality manufacturer lists the absolute contraindications, relative contraindications, and precautions for that device. What is meant by the term "relative contraindication"? - Ways misuse of the modality can cause harm to the patient - Conditions or situations for which the modality must not be used under any circumstances - Ways the treatment can be modified to accommodate a patient's condition or situation - Conditions or situations for which the modality can be used, provided that the patient signs a legal waiver

Ways the treatment can be modified to accommodate a patient's condition or situation

A patient has been told to be completely non-weight-bearing on his lower extremity and has been instructed on the proper use of crutches. Which of the following statements about this use of crutches is correct? - The patient should maintain normal gait pattern by making contact with the crutch and the opposite limb simultaneously - The patient should contact the floor with the two crutches and the injured limb simultaneously - When descending stairs, the uninvolved limb leads, by touching down on the lower step before the involved limb, and crutches follow - When ascending stairs, the uninvolved limb leads, and crutches stay on the riser below, then crutches and involved limb follow up together

When ascending stairs, the uninvolved limb leads, and crutches stay on the riser below, then crutches and involved limb follow up together

When is it safe to begin a balance progression for a patient who is recovering from a tibial fracture? - At the 8-week postinjury mark - When the athlete is cleared for full weight-bearing - When the athlete has full range of motion at the ankle joint - When the athlete can complete heel raises using body weight as resistance

When the athlete is cleared for full weight-bearing

In which of the following situations should the athletic trainer refer an athlete to an outside health-care provider rather than continue to treat the athlete? - When the relationship with the athlete serves the athletic trainer's needs more than it serves the athlete - When an athlete is frustrated with the progress being made during rehabilitation - When an athlete is pulling away from the team and coaches due to strong feelings of homesickness - When the athletic trainer seems to be thinking about the athlete's needs and ways to address these needs during nonworking hours - When an athlete confesses to taking somebody else's attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder prescription to stay up and study for a midterm examination

When the relationship with the athlete serves the athletic trainer's needs more than it serves the athlete

Two commonly used sequences of exercises for low back pain were developed by Paul Williams and Robin McKenzie, respectively. Williams' exercises focus on postural control and reducing lumbar lordosis, and McKenzie's exercises focus on relieving pressure on intervertebral disks. Place the following exercises under the program to which they belong. A: Sit-ups with knees flexed B: Pelvic tilt C: Lying prone D: Standing and moving to full squat, ending with buttocks on heels E: Alternating single knee to chest without arching back F: Standing trunk extension G: Double knee to chest H: Seated cat-cow I: Prone press-ups J: Low lunge

William's Exercises: A, B, D, E, G, J McKenzie's Exercises: C, F, G, H, I

You are progressing an athlete who is recovering from a femoral stress fracture by transitioning him from non-weight-bearing activities to partial weight-bearing activities. The basis of your progression is to place controlled stresses on the bone and soft tissue, causing them to remodel and realign along the lines of tensile force. Which principle of rehabilitation is being applied? - Wolff's law - SAID principle - Watkins' progression - Oxford technique - DAPRE principle

Wolff's law

While chasing down a thrown ball, a high school female lacrosse player steps on an uneven area of grass and injures the proximal arch and heel of her right foot. As the game was played the evening before the start of the school's spring break, the player does not seek treatment for this injury until returning to school 8 days later. After gathering a history of this patient's injury and conducting an examination, you determine this patient has unilateral acute plantar fasciitis. Before starting treatments, you sit down with the patient to establish treatment goals and develop a plan of care. Selecting from the following list, complete the treatment plan table by assigning a treatment goal/approach, indicated therapeutic modalities and treatments, and therapeutic exercises to each injury healing phase. (Table on Rozzi pg. 297) A: Encourage tissue remodeling and alignment along the lines of functional stress B: Control the rate of active inflammation and limit the scope of the injury C: Encourage the repair and replacement of damaged tissues D: Thermal ultrasound as needed E: Cross friction massage F: Require patient to wear a sport shoe with a reinforced heel counter for heel control when running G: Ice pack H: Pulsed ultrasound I: Thermal ultrasound J: Rolling pin exercises K: Progressive resistance exercises for toe and ankle muscles L: Progressive running program M: Overload resistance exercise for lower extremity N: Cryokinetics O: Tape arch for daily ambulation

- Treatment Goal/Approach: [Inflammation: B, Proliferation: C, Maturation: A] - Indicated Therapeutic Modalities and Treatments: [Inflammation: G, H, Proliferation: E, I, Maturation: D, F] - Indicated Therapeutic Exercises: [Inflammation: J, N, Proliferation: K, O, Maturation: L, M]

For the majority of collegiate athletes who sustains a concussion while participating, what is the length of time for the concussion to resolve? - 2 to 4 days - 5 to 7 days - 10 to 14 days - 15 to 21 days

5 to 7 days

Which of the following criteria should be met by an athlete before progressing to the running phase of a knee rehabilitation program? - Quadriceps strength of 4 out of 5 with manual muscle testing, full knee extension and 100 degrees of flexion, and no swelling - 70% of quadriceps and hamstring strength, full knee flexion, and can complete 2 miles of walking - 90% of quadriceps and hamstring strength, 15 degrees of dorsiflexion, and able to do 50 side step-downs - Quadriceps/hamstring ratio of 60%, full knee flexion and fewer than 10 degrees extension lag, and adequate balance - Able to hop on one leg, 10 degrees of dorsiflexion, and able to bike for 30 minutes

70% of quadriceps and hamstring strength, full knee flexion, and can complete 2 miles of walking

For which of the following patients would you need to decrease the duration goal of a balance exercise used in a rehabilitation protocol? - A 16-year-old field hockey player - A 22-year-old swimmer - A 35-year-old elite tennis player - A 50-year-old senior tour golfer

A 50-year-old senior tour golfer

Which of the following would be the most effective way to protect an anterior thigh contusion on a basketball player? - A neoprene sleeve - A doughnut pad with a thermoplastic dome - A 1/2-in. solid closed cell pad - A compression elastic wrap - A 1/2-in. felt doughnut pad under a compression wrap

A doughnut pad with a thermoplastic dome

Before beginning a continuous ultrasound treatment, what should you tell the athlete to expect to feel? - A mild muscle contraction - Pins and needles sensation - No sensation - A mild sensation of warmth - An intense sensation of warmth

A mild sensation of warmth

What is the advantage of using a nebulizer (also known as an atomizer) rather than a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) for delivery of medication during a severe asthma attack? - A nebulizer is less expensive for the patient - A nebulizer can administer a higher dose of medication - The nebulizer has a soothing and sedating buzzing sound to relax muscles around constricted airways - The nebulizer is more portable

A nebulizer can administer a higher dose of medication

An athlete with type I diabetes mellitus regularly uses a glucometer to check her blood glucose levels. Which of the following glucometer readings is considered a normal blood glucose level? - A reading of 150 mg/dL after 8 hours of sleeping and before eating breakfast - A reading of 60 mg/dL before practice and 4 hours after eating lunch - A reading of 120 mg/dL 2 hours after eating lunch - A reading of 200 mg/dL 30 minutes before eating lunch and 4 hours after eating breakfast

A reading of 120 mg/dL 2 hours after eating lunch

A freshman student athlete with type I diabetes mellitus is having difficulty managing her blood sugar levels with her new eating and exercise patterns since coming to school. In addition to working with her physician, what other sports health-care provider might best assist this athlete? - A sports chiropractor - A sports psychologist - The strength and conditioning coach - A sports nutritionist

A sports nutritionist

How does a cold application, used when a patient's injury is in the acute inflammatory phase, produce cellular function and blood dynamic changes that suppress the body's inflammatory response? Select all that apply. A: Reduces the release of inflammatory mediators B: Decrease prostaglandin synthesis C: Increases capillary permeability D: Decreases leukocyte/endothelial interactions E: Increases creatine kinase activity

A, B, D

Ultrasound waves are unable to pass through the air, so a coupling method is required. What are the advantages of using the coupling method illustrated in the photo when providing your patient with an ultrasound treatment? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.301) A: Holds shape due to construction and design B: Concentrates energy to treatment area allowing for a higher output setting C: Limits treatment area to selected size pad D: Distance between sound heard and skin allows for treatment of active deep vein thrombosis E: Conforms to irregularly shaped body areas F: Movement of sound heard is not required

A, C, E

You are developing a hand rehabilitation program for a professional billiards player. Which of the following therapeutic exercises would most effectively strengthen the palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles? - Abduction/flexion of the digits using a resistance web - Abduction/adduction of the digits using resistance provided by rubber bands - Wrist flexion exercises holding a dumbbell weight - Wrist extension exercises using resistance provided by an exercise band - Extension of the digits using resistance provided by surgical tubing

Abduction/adduction of the digits using resistance provided by rubber bands

Which of the following is the best example of a well-written treatment goal? - Regain muscular strength before progressing to the next phase of rehabilitation - Decrease athlete's pain from 8 to 5 on numeric pain scale - Keep the athlete motivated throughout the rehabilitation program - Use a variety of modalities and exercises during rehabilitation program design - Achieve full unrestricted knee range of motion by 4 weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

Achieve full unrestricted knee range of motion by 4 weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

Which of the following are commonly accepted physiological responses to superficial heat application? - Decreased viscosity, increased tissue elasticity, and decreased inflammation - Anesthetic effects, increased phagocytosis, and increased lymphatic drainage - Analgesia, increased metabolic activity, and increased inflammation - Decreased antibodies, increased axon reflex, and decreased muscle spasm - Increased capillary permeability, increased edema formation, and decreased metabolic wastes

Analgesia, increased metabolic activity, and increased inflammation

Your soccer goalkeeper was recently disqualified from participation by the team physician after sustaining multiple concussions and demonstrating signs and symptoms consistent with postconcussion syndrome. The athlete is having difficulty managing the emotions of this career-ending injury. Which of the following strategies would be an example of social support? - Refer the athlete to your counseling center for coping strategies - Have the athlete come to see you in the athletic training room every day - Ask one of your football players who was in the same situation the previous year to talk to the goalkeeper - Ask the coach to give the athlete responsibilities, such as meeting with recruits, so he feels like he is still part of the program

Ask one of your football players who was in the same situation the previous year to talk to the goalkeeper

When using a Swiss Ball in the rehabilitation process, which of the following is important to ensure the patient is safe while using the equipment? - Fully inflate the ball to within 1% of the maximum diameter - Have the patient remove his or her shoes to increase stability and traction - Encourage the patient to use a small bouncing motion to facilitate ease of movement - Ask the patient to remove belts and everything from the pockets

Ask the patient to remove belts and everything from the pockets

An athlete has recently been diagnosed with scabies and is undergoing treatment. Which of the following recommendations should you make to this athlete? - All bedding and recently worn clothing should be destroyed - Exterminate all rooms of the living quarters with a commercially available fogger - Avoid any skin-to-skin contact with another person until treatment is completed - Notify the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and complete an incident report - Schedule retests every 3 months for the next year to ensure complete eradication of the parasite

Avoid any skin-to-skin contact with another person until treatment is completed

After gathering a medical history and conducting a physical examination of your patient's painful shoulder, you determine one of his problems is decreased passive internal rotation attributed to decreased joint mobility/joint play of his glenohumeral joint. Based on this examination finding, which of the following therapeutic procedures could be included in this patient's treatment plan? Select all that apply. A: Intermittent compression B: Capsule stretch exercise C: Thermal ultrasound D: Active and passive range of motion exercises E: Joint mobilization F: Proprioception exercises G: Biofeedback

B, C, D, E

One purpose of conducting an examination of an injury before developing a treatment plan is to identify medical conditions that are contraindications to therapeutic modalities. Which of the following conditions is a medical contraindication to therapeutic modality use? - Limited joint range of motion bilaterally - Bilateral sensory impairment - Unilateral joint effusion - Distal extremity joint pain unilaterally

Bilateral sensory impairment

Your pitching coach requests assistance in evaluating the throwing patterns of each of the members of the pitching staff because many of the pitchers have been complaining of arm pain. What provider might best assist you in this evaluation? - Exercise physiologist - Biomechanist - Strength and conditioning specialist - Physical therapist

Biomechanist

A 55-year-old postmenopausal club level swimmer is rehabilitating following recent tibia and radius fractures sustained during a trip and fall incident. Which of the following activities should be incorporated into this rehabilitation program to address possible bone density deficiencies? - Water aerobics - Flexibility exercises - Body weight circuit training - Cycling

Body weight circuit training

A patient who sustained a hip dislocation approximately 8 weeks ago returns for rehabilitation following a visit with his physician. The physician has cleared the patient to begin swimming. Which swimming stroke should be avoided until approximately 4 months after injury? - Backstroke - Butterfly - Freestyle - Breaststroke

Breaststroke

A collegiate student athlete with seasonal allergies reports to the athletic training facility before practice complaining of itchy, watery eyes; runny nose; and scratchy throat. Which of the following antihistamines would be most appropriate for this student athlete? - Tavist - Benadryl - Claritin - Actifed - Chlor-Trimeton

Claritin

An athlete returns from the physician with a prescription that reads "ice baths PRN." The athlete is unsure what to do. What should you tell the athlete? - Complete an ice bath before noon each day - Complete an ice bath after each running session - Complete an ice bath right before going to bed - Complete an ice bath before each running session - Complete an ice bath as needed for pain

Complete an ice bath as needed for pain

A cross country runner reports seeing blood in his urine each day for the past 4 days following workouts. The runner reports no other signs or symptoms. How should this condition best be managed? - Immediately refer to physician for evaluation, urinalysis, and diagnostic ultrasound - Conduct a dipstick urinalysis to confirm hematuria, instruct athlete to rest for 24 to 72 hours, repeat urinalysis to confirm resolution, and allow athlete to return to training when hematuria resolves - Conduct a dipstick urinalysis to confirm hematuria, instruct athlete to hyperhydrate before the next workout, and repeat urinalysis following next workout - Refer to the physician for a diuretic prescription, and recommend athlete increase fluid intake along with soluble vitamin intake

Conduct a dipstick urinalysis to confirm hematuria, instruct athlete to rest for 24 to 72 hours, repeat urinalysis to confirm resolution, and allow athlete to return to training when hematuria resolves

An older patient who regularly participates in a recreational bowling league is being treated for adhesive capsulitis. Reevaluation of the patient indicates motion gains have started to occur. Based on this evaluation, how might you adjust this patient's rehabilitation program? - Discharge the patient, as it is unlikely that the patient will regain full motion - Continue stretching and self-mobilization exercises as well as strengthening exercises to maximize functional ability within the available range - Begin aggressive joint mobilizations and high-intensity strengthening exercises to break through additional adhesions - Refer the patient to the physician for a cortisone injection

Continue stretching and self-mobilization exercises as well as strengthening exercises to maximize functional ability within the available range

Which proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) strengthening exercise is most appropriate to transition a pitcher who is rehabilitating following an elbow injury toward sport-specific skills? - D1 flexion/extension pattern - D2 flexion/extension pattern - Rhythmic stabilization - Strain-counterstrain

D2 flexion/extension pattern

To address restricted range of motion, the clinician may incorporate a variety of muscle stretching techniques into a patient's treatment plan. However, there is a recommended progression of stretching procedures. Using the answer space provided, place the stretching procedures listed in the order in which a patient should be progressed. (Steps 1-4) A: Dynamic B: Passive static (clinician assisted) C: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) D: Passive self static

Done 1st: B Done 2nd: D Done 3rd: C Done 4th: A

A rehabilitation program for an acute ankle sprain includes active range of motion using the BAPS board, towel stretches for the calf, grade I joint mobilizations, and isometric strengthening exercises. In which phase of the rehabilitation continuum would you place this athlete? - End of phase I: inactive phase - Early in phase II: active phase - Late in phase II: active phase - Middle of phase III: resistive phase

Early in phase II: active phase

When treating a patient with tendinopathy, which of the following types of exercises should be incorporated as soon as the patient can tolerate them to produce possible treatment outcome? - Concentric exercises - Eccentric exercises - Proprioception exercises - Plyometric exercises

Eccentric exercises

An athlete presents with a loose foreign body under the upper eyelid. You have treated this condition by removing the athlete's contact lens, rinsing the eye for several minutes with eyewash, and attempting to dislodge the foreign body by pulling the athlete's upper eyelid over the lower eyelid and instructing the patient to blink several times. None of your efforts have been successful. What is your next treatment step? - Evert the eyelid and attempt to remove the foreign body with tweezers - Evert the eyelid, and attempt to remove the foreign body with a cotton-tipped applicator - Cover the eye with a patch, put the athlete on bed rest, and tell the athlete to avoid reading and watching TV until reevaluation the next day - Cover the eye with a patch and refer the athlete to an ophthalmologist

Evert the eyelid, and attempt to remove the foreign body with a cotton-tipped applicator

A 28-year-old pregnant woman is being treated for sacroiliac joint dysfunction. How might her exercise program need to be modified now that she has reached her second trimester? - Exercises in a supine position should be modified to a semirecumbent or standing position - Exercises in a standing position should be modified to seated or supine - Core stabilization exercises should be removed - Exercise sessions should be moved earlier in the day to minimize fatigue

Exercises in a supine position should be modified to a semirecumbent or standing position

You are using intermittent compression to treat postacute edema following a knee injury sustained by your starting point guard. Which of the following assessment techniques will provide the best determination of the efficacy of your treatment? - Volumetric measurements - Isokinetic strength measurements - Girth measurements - Goniometric measurements - Pain assessment scale

Girth measurements

A member of your ice hockey team approaches you after practice and shows you a small lesion, similar to a pimple, on his midanterior lower leg. He believes he has an ingrown hair or a spider bite. Based on your experience with skin conditions, you recommend he return the next day for a follow-up evaluation. The next day when the athlete sees you in the athletic training clinic the lesion has enlarged and appears red and swollen. He tells you the lesion is more painful than it looks and when you take his temperature orally the thermometer reads 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit. His respiratory rate is 26 breaths/min, and his resting heart rate is 96 beats/min. What condition is consistent with this patient's presentation, and how is this condition best managed? - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); referral to a physician - MRSA; deep cleaning and disinfection of the wound using the soap Hibiclens - Folliculitis; referral to a physician - Folliculitis; deep cleaning of the wound and application of a topical broad-spectrum antibiotic

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); referral to a physician

You are using biofeedback to assist an athlete with patellofemoral pain syndrome in regaining neuromuscular control of the vastus medialis. The athlete has just completed a straight leg raise exercise using the biofeedback device and is ready to progress to a more challenging exercise. Which of the following exercises is the most appropriate exercise to incorporate into the rehabilitation progression next? - Mini-squat - Lateral step-up - Single leg squat - Supine quad sets - Slide board

Mini-squat

When beginning a plyometric program, patients should be instructed in proper landing techniques. Which of the following is a component of a proper landing technique? - Shoulders maintained 2 to 4 inches posterior to knees - Feet maintained no more than 1 inch apart - No valgus motion at the knee - Keep center of gravity anterior to the base of support

No valgus motion at the knee

For which of the following patients is the use of intermittent compression permitted? - Patient with bilateral ankle and lower leg lymphedema - Patient with unilateral lower leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - Patient with unilateral lower leg anterior compartment syndrome - Patient recently diagnosed with congestive heart failure

Patient with bilateral ankle and lower leg lymphedema

A women's basketball player has a history of lateral ankle sprains resulting in ligamentous laxity and functional instability. Which muscles should be the focus of a program to reestablish proprioception and neuromuscular control for this athlete? - Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior - Tibialis anterior and flexor hallucis longus - Gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior - Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis - Extensor hallucis longus and posterior tibialis

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

One week after sustaining a knee injury, a patient reports he is unable to move from a seated to a standing position in the usual efficient and pain-free manner. In which of the following disablement model levels is this patient's complaint? - Origin - Organ - Person - Societal

Person

For the past 2 weeks you have been treating your patient's posterior knee pain with sensory level electrical stimulation and superficial moist heat packs. After reviewing the patient's last five post-treatment assessments and visual analog scale for pain and data and noting no clinically significant decrease in pain, you change this patient's electrical stimulation to a subsensory treatment technique but continue with the simultaneous moist heat application. After the treatment the patient compliments you on changing the treatment, as her pain is much lower than it has been after previous treatments. However, when removing the patient's electrodes you realize you forgot to start the electrical current and the patient was not provided any electrical current. What explains the patient's sense of decreased post-treatment pain in the absence of any electrical current? - Sensory interference effect - Placebo effect - Thermal effect - Cognitive override effect

Placebo effect

An athlete presents to the athletic training facility complaining of left-sided low back pain and left leg radicular pain. The athlete is assuming a right lateral flexed posture. In which position should the athlete be placed to treat with positional traction? - Supine with both knees held tightly to the chest - Supine with hips and knees supported in a 90/90 position - Prone with bolster placed under both anterior superior iliac spines - Side-lying on a towel roll with left side up - Side-lying on a towel roll with right side up

Side-lying on a towel roll with left side up

A football lineman is returning to practice and competition 1 week following an ulnar collateral ligament injury in his thumb. Which material would best meet the treatment goals of immobilization and support without violating sport rules? - Fiberglass cast tape - Soft fiberglass cast tape - Plaster cast material - Thermoplastic material - 1 1/2 in. white tape

Soft fiberglass cast tape

An athletic trainer is treating an athlete with electrical stimulation by applying the following treatment protocol: bipolar electrode placement, frequency set at 80 to 150 pps and intensity set at sensory-level stimulation. By which theory of pain management is the athletic trainer attempting to control this athlete's pain? - Spinal cord modulation through A-beta fiber stimulation - Descending pain modulation through periaqueductal gray (PAG) and raphe neuron input - Systemic pain modulation through beta-endorphin release - Motor pain modulation - Noxious pain modulation

Spinal cord modulation through A-beta fiber stimulation

An athlete is returning to sport-specific skills following an ankle reconstruction and is very anxious about the possibility of reinjury. What steps can the athletic trainer take to assist the patient in gaining confidence? - Start with a simple skill that the patient can perform easily and develop confidence, then progress slowly to more complex activities - Challenge the athlete by introducing new and difficult skills to be performed at full speed and at maximum intensity - Ask an athlete who recently went through a functional rehabilitation program to explain that the skills are easy and it will not hurt - Discontinue sport-specific skills and go back to working on strength gains so the athlete can feel more confident

Start with a simple skill that the patient can perform easily and develop confidence, then progress slowly to more complex activities

When working with preadolescent and adolescent athletes, what system can assist you in determining developmental levels of adolescence with characteristics of each level for both boys and girls? - Salter-Harris classifications - Stages of life table - Tanner stages - Skeletal maturity measurements

Tanner stages

When directing the treatment and rehabilitation program of a 13-year-old patient with a radial fracture, what fact should be considered to promote safety compared with a similar program for an adult patient? - The 13-year-old patient may be more focused on performing rehabilitation exercises correctly - The 13-year-old patient will have a lower pain tolerance - The bones of the 13-year-old patient may not be able to tolerate the same level of stresses as the bones of an adult - The muscles of the 13-year-old patient may not be able to respond to muscular endurance exercises

The bones of the 13-year-old patient may not be able to tolerate the same level of stresses as the bones of an adult

You are progressing your patient through a treatment and rehabilitation program for an ankle injury. For today's treatment session you are initiating a warm whirlpool treatment. Your patient asks why you have replaced his cold modality treatment with a warm whirlpool treatment. Which of the following explains your clinical reasoning for making this treatment change? - The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is stuck in the inflammation phase of tissue healing, so heat modalities are indicated to control the rate of active inflammation - The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is entering the proliferation stage of tissue healing where the goal of treatment is to encourage tissue remodeling and alignment along the lines of functional stress - The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is entering the proliferation stage of tissue healing where the goal of treatment is to encourage repair and replacement of damaged tissues - The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is entering the maturation stage of tissue healing where the goal of treatment is to encourage the repair and replacement of damaged tissues

The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is entering the proliferation stage of tissue healing where the goal of treatment is to encourage repair and replacement of damaged tissues

How do lower extremity closed kinetic chain exercises minimize anterior tibial translation forces? - The shear force is negated by the compressive forces created in a closed kinetic chain posture - The shear force is counteracted by a cocontraction of the hamstrings - The shear force is counterweighted by the ground reaction forces created by foot contact - The anterior tibial translation forces are counteracted by a cocontraction of the quadriceps and iliotibial band - The anterior tibial translation forces are negated by the simultaneous rotational forces about the tibia

The shear force is counteracted by a cocontraction of the hamstrings

Which of the following treatment parameters would best meet the goal of increasing muscular endurance? - Three sets of 15 to 25 repetitions at a low percentage of the patient's 10 RM - Two sets of 8 to 10 repetitions at a high percentage of the patient's 10 RM - One set of 10 to 12 repetitions at 50% of the patient's 10 RM - Three sets of six to nine repetitions at 75% of the patient's 10 RM

Three sets of 15 to 25 repetitions at a low percentage of the patient's 10 RM

Why might a clinician choose to employ a static progressive splint? - To substitute for loss of motor function - To correct an existing deformity - To maintain gains in range of motion achieved from other techniques - To aid in fracture alignment and wound healing - To decrease soft tissue adherence

To maintain gains in range of motion achieved from other techniques

An industrial worker is preparing to return to work-specific exercises following a low back injury. The worker's job responsibilities require him to stand between two conveyor belts and lift boxes of approximately 60 lb. from a belt at knee level on one side to a belt at waist level on the other side. Which of the following exercises could be used in the functional rehabilitation program to prepare the worker to return to work-specific exercises? - Heel raises with weights, resisted triceps extensions, and abdominal exercises - Trunk rotations with tubing, mini-squats with weights, and trunk extensions with the pitch back - Upper extremity D1 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pattern, step downs with weights, and abdominal crutches - Double leg lift and trunk rotators in the pool and planks

Trunk rotations with tubing, mini-squats with weights, and trunk extensions with the pitch back

When applying a Cryospray spray and stretch technique for the upper trapezius muscle, how should the vapocoolant spray be applied? - From the base of the skull down along the path of the muscle - From the insertion of the muscle downward along the shoulder and arm - Upward from the acromion process toward the base of the skull - From the vertebral border upward to the acromion and then down the arm

Upward from the acromion process toward the base of the skull

In order to maintain safety of the patient and others, which of the following conditions would need to be resolved before a patient should be allowed to participate in aquatic rehabilitation? - Fear of the water - Ear infection - Surgical scar that is 14 days old - Urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection

What screening should occur before administering any treatment to the cervical spine? - Spinal segment hypermobility - Vertebral artery insufficiency - Blood pressure - Upper quarter screen

Vertebral artery insufficiency

For the past 3 weeks your patient has been participating in a treatment and rehabilitation program for his shoulder, so at today's session you're using a goniometer to reassess his shoulder range of motion. Which of the following describes correct assessment of glenohumeral joint motion using a standard goniometer? - When assessing glenohumeral joint flexion, the stationary arm of the goniometer is aligned with the long axis of the humerus - When assessing glenohumeral joint abduction, the moving arm of the goniometer is aligned parallel to the sternum - When assessing glenohumeral joint external rotation, the fulcrum of the goniometer is placed at the olecranon process - When assessing glenohumeral joint extension, the fulcrum of the goniometer is aligned with the superior acromion process

When assessing glenohumeral joint external rotation, the fulcrum of the goniometer is placed at the olecranon process

A member of your college tennis team fails to report to practice. When you finally reach this athlete by phone she tells you that she felt very ill this morning and was seen by a physician at the college's student health services. She tells you that the physician gave her a prescription for Relenza and instructed her to rest and intake plenty of fluids for the next few days. He also told her to take analgesics for any muscle soreness she may experience as well as any other over-the-counter medications needed for her symptoms. For which of the following conditions is the previously described treatment most often prescribed? - Strep throat - Sinusitis - Influenza - Pneumonia - Mononucleosis

Influenza

A skeletally immature, Tanner stage 2, 12-year-old male lacrosse player has sustained an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. The physician recommends a treatment plan that includes delaying reconstructive surgery, starting a rehabilitation program, and using a functional brace for sports participation. The player's mother inquires why the physician decided not to reconstruct her son's ACL. How will you explain the physician's treatment plan to the athlete's mother? - "According to your son's reported chronological age and physiological age, he is very near skeletal maturity, so it is best to wait until he is skeletally mature when conventional adult ACL reconstruction can be performed" - "According to your son's physiological age, determined using the Tanner stages, he is not emotionally mature enough to handle ACL reconstruction" - "According to your son's reported chronological age, he is a child and therefore not eligible for ACL rehabilitation until he reaches adolescence" - "According to your son's stage of skeletal maturity, he is classified as prepubescent, so one appropriate treatment plan option is to delay ACL reconstruction until his physiological age is classified as more mature"

"According to your son's stage of skeletal maturity, he is classified as prepubescent, so one appropriate treatment plan option is to delay ACL reconstruction until his physiological age is classified as more mature"

When teaching a patient to ambulate without crutches, what verbal cues can the athletic trainer provide to help the patient establish a normal gait pattern? - "Hit the ground with your heel first, allow your weight to transfer forward until your heel lifts and finishes when your weight comes off your big toe, then move to the opposite foot" - "Hit the ground with the middle of your foot and roll forward with your fourth and fifth toes being the last part of your body in contact with the ground before repeating with the other foot" - "Swing your arms and think about making contact with the middle and front of your foot and then balancing for a few seconds before moving to the next foot" - "Hit the ground with your heel, balance for 2 to 3 seconds, and then move quickly to heel strike on the opposite foot"

"Hit the ground with your heel first, allow your weight to transfer forward until your heel lifts and finishes when your weight comes off your big toe, then move to the opposite foot"

A soccer player who has had two successive knee surgeries begins to demonstrate signs of addiction to his pain medication. Which of the following statements best illustrates an effective intervention strategy? - "It seems that your personal health and returning to play are not your top priority" - "I am so frustrated with you. I'm giving you a lot of my time and effort, and I feel like I care more than you do" - "I can see that you are currently using and are under the influence, so I can tell returning to play is not your focus right now" - "This is so like you to abuse pain medication because you are always looking for an easy way out. You are unwilling to put in the work it really takes to get better" - "I am concerned about you because over the past month your behavior has changed, and, although I am not judging you, I feel you may have a problem"

"I am concerned about you because over the past month your behavior has changed, and, although I am not judging you, I feel you may have a problem"

You are treating an athlete for an acute low back injury with pulsed ultrasound. The athlete's mother wants to know why you are not using pulsed shortwave diathermy, as she received that treatment when undergoing physical therapy for a back injury and had great results. How might you respond? - "My research of current academic resources and scholarly literature does not support the efficacy of nonthermal shortwave diathermy" - "If you can get me the parameters your therapists used, we can try it" - "I am not as familiar with that treatment protocol so we will stick with a treatment I am comfortable using" - "Diathermy has many more contraindications and precautions that need to be taken into consideration compared with ultrasound, so I think it is safer to use ultrasound"

"My research of current academic resources and scholarly literature does not support the efficacy of nonthermal shortwave diathermy"

Cognitive testing of a patient with a suspected concussion provides an objective measure of a patient's current status as well as an objective assessment of improvements. The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) is a cognitive status test that can be used as a stand-alone tool but is also included in the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5). Which of the following questions or instructions is included in the Orientation section of the SAC, as it appears on the SCAT5? - "Tell me the months of the year, in reverse order starting with December" - "I'm going to read you a string of numbers and you're going to read them back to me in reverse order, for example, if I say 4-9-3, you're going to say 3-9-4" - "Tell me what day of the week today is" - "I'm going to give you a list of five words and when I'm done saying the words, you repeat back to me as many as you can, in any order"

"Tell me what day of the week today is"

A volleyball outside hitter with chronic rotator cuff inflammation has continued to practice and compete. As a result, her hitting mechanics have changed, resulting in increased loads on other structures surrounding the joint. The athlete begins to demonstrate decreased range of motion and strength. The athlete is referred for evaluation by the team physician who diagnoses the athlete with a granuloma in her supraspinatus. How would you explain this injury to the athlete? - "You have a trigger point, which is a tight, tender band of tight muscle tissue" - "You have a collection of muscle proteins that have not been reabsorbed" - "You have a small band of dead tissue as a result of the continued inflammation" - "You have a hard mass of fibrous tissue that has developed as a result of the continued inflammation"

"You have a hard mass of fibrous tissue that has developed as a result of the continued inflammation"

An athlete has a subchondral contusion and osteochondral defect with associated loose body. The physician recommends a microfracture procedure to address the condition. How would you explain this diagnosis and treatment to the athlete? - "You have a very serious knee injury, and we will need to schedule you for surgery during the upcoming spring break" - "You have a big piece of cartilage floating around inside your joint, and the surgeon needs to go in and suck it out" - "You have injured the cartilage and the bone at the end of your leg bone. You need surgery in which tiny holes will be drilled into the injured cartilage to promote healing" - "You have sustained a compressive-type injury to the hyaline cartilage on the distal end of your femur, and only by inducting an inflammatory reaction will this cartilage have a chance to heal" - "You have sustained a complicated knee injury that you really cannot understand. You should just trust the physician because he knows what he is doing"

"You have injured the cartilage and the bone at the end of your leg bone. You need surgery in which tiny holes will be drilled into the injured cartilage to promote healing"

A cross country runner is beginning a functional progression as part of the rehabilitation program for a tibial stress fracture. The runner typically covers 5 miles in a typical practice session. Based on general guidelines, what is the initial distance that the runner should be limited to during the first week of functional progressions? - 4 miles - 1.25 miles - 3.5 miles - 2.75 miles

1.25 miles

When treating a wrist injury with a warm whirlpool, what is the maximum recommended water temperature in degrees Fahrenheit - that is, the temperature that should not be exceeded? - 90 degrees Fahrenheit - 95 degrees Fahrenheit - 100 degrees Fahrenheit - 105 degrees Fahrenheit - 110 degrees Fahrenheit

110 degrees Fahrenheit

You are instructing a patient in static flexibility exercises to be performed at home daily. Which of the following parameters are recommended for healthy individuals by the American College of Sports Medicine? - 15- to 30-sec stretch duration for two to four repetitions - 20-sec duration repeated in circuit for 10 total minutes - 30-sec to 1-min stretch duration with one repetition per stretch - 10- to 15-sec stretch duration for 10 to 15 repetitions

15- to 30-sec stretch duration for two to four repetitions

Plyometric exercises are often used in the functional portion or rehabilitation to prepare athlete for return to play and to demonstrate readiness to manage higher intensity workloads. Due to the high stress and loads associated with moderate and high intensity plyometric exercises, at what age is it typically safe to incorporate these exercises into a rehabilitation program? - 10 years old - 12 years old - 16 years old - 18 years old

16 years old

Your patient is a 15-year-old very competitive year-round swimmer. While completing a treatment and rehabilitation program for her injured shoulder she needs to avoid cardiovascular deconditioning, so you are including a stationary bicycle cardiovascular training program as part of her rehabilitation plan. Using the Karvonen method, and knowing her resting heart rate is 68 beats/min, what is this patient's maximal heart rate for a 70% training intensity? - 96 beats/min - 164 beats/min - 174 beats/min - 144 beats/min

164 beats/min

Before completing grade IV joint mobilizations, an athletic trainer chooses to use ultrasound to create vigorous tissue heating to stretch collagen. What amount of tissue temperature increase is required to achieve this treatment goal? - 1 degrees Celsius - 2 degrees Celsius - 3 degrees Celsius - 4 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius

4 degrees Celsius

Following the birth of her second child, an elite female distance runner is experiencing sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction and malalignment. The athletic trainer elects to use muscle energy techniques to restore normal joint positioning before completing strengthening exercises. During the active contraction phase of the technique, how long should the isometric contraction be held? - 20 to 30 seconds - 10 to 15 seconds - 5 to 10 seconds - Less than 5 seconds

5 to 10 seconds

In which population is the use of maximal isometric contractions for strength gains contraindicated? - A 28-year-old male basketball player with hypertension - A 14-year-old baseball player with open epiphyseal plates - A 65-year-old female golfer with history of low back pain - A 35-year-old male tennis player with type 1 diabetes - 20-year-old female basketball player with sickle cell trait

A 28-year-old male basketball player with hypertension

In contrast to some other therapeutic treatments, what must a clinician demonstrate to provide manual therapy techniques in a way that achieves desired outcomes and ensures patient safety at all times? - A clinician must develop a working knowledge of the theories behind the physiological process that govern effective manual therapy techniques - A clinician must have knowledge of the techniques and practice the skills until they can be administered effectively - A clinician must effectively master assessment tools designed to determine functional treatment outcomes - A clinician must memorize contraindications for each manual therapy technique and screen for all contraindications before providing treatment

A clinician must have knowledge of the techniques and practice the skills until they can be administered effectively

Which of the following athletes would benefit from ultraviolet (UV) therapy? - A sprinter with diabetes - A wrestler with herpes simplex - A field hockey player with chronic psoriasis - A linebacker taking tetracycline - A swimmer with lupus erythematosus

A field hockey player with chronic psoriasis

Which of the following orthotics would be most appropriate for an athlete with turf toe? - A full-length semirigid orthotic with a rigid forefoot extension - A full-length semirigid orthotic with a medial post - A three-quarter-length semirigid orthotic with a medial longitudinal arch support - A three-quarter-length semirigid orthotic with a Nickelplast cut for a forefoot post - A full-length semirigid orthotic with a Nickelplast teardrop pad under the second and third metatarsal heads

A full-length semirigid orthotic with a rigid forefoot extension

You are conducting an isokinetic strength test for a baseball pitcher who is in the late stage of a rehabilitation program for a rotator cuff repair of the pitching shoulder. With what should you compare the results of your isokinetic test in order to determine the pitcher's readiness to return to play? - The contralateral limb - Normative strength data and agonist/antagonist ratio data - Previous isokinetic tests performed during the rehabilitation process - A goal database of athletes of similar gender, age, and activity level - A similar isokinetic test performed on the team's number one starting pitcher

A goal database of athletes of similar gender, age, and activity level

Your patient's elbow joint has been immobilized for an extended period of time due to healing complications. In order to assist your patient in facilitating muscle contractions and regaining neuromuscular control you are introducing electromyography (EMG) biofeedback into her treatment plan. The patient is neurologically intact, but she is having difficulty facilitating a detectable muscle contraction of her wrist extensors. What adjunct strategies can you apply to help this patient create a muscle contraction? Select all that apply. A: Focus attention on the wrist extensor muscles while trying to create a contraction B: Ask the patient to contract the wrist extensors on her contralateral limb followed by trying to contract the same muscle group on the involved limb C: Apply the biofeedback unit to the wrist extensors on her contralateral limb so she can practice and learn how to use the biofeedback technique D: Use electrical stimulation to create a contraction of the wrist extensor muscles that can be measured by the biofeedback unit so she can practice and learn how to use the biofeedback technique E: Gently tap on the wrist extensor muscles while trying to create a contraction F: Provide the patient with verbal encouragement and positive reinforcement

A, B, C, E

An athlete presents with a 2-day history of red, watery, itchy eye. Her roommate was diagnosed 3 days ago with viral conjunctivitis. After examination you conclude this athlete likely has the same condition. Which of the following actions is included in the recommended treatment plan for a patient with viral conjunctivitis? Select all that apply. A: Use over-the-counter artificial tears B: Keep distance from others, as this condition is highly contagious C: Use topical antibiotic eyes drops or ointments D: Practice appropriate personal hygiene and hand washing E: Use over-the-counter vasoconstrictors F: Return to sport activity after completing 1 or 2 days of topical antibiotic therapy G: Use oral over-the-counter analgesics for pain management as needed H: Refer to an eye care practitioner for diagnosis

A, B, D, E, G, H

What are the indications for the massage technique being performed by the clinician in the image? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.301) A: Chronic tendinopathy B: Muscle strains C: Trigger point therapy D: Stretching large areas of fascia E: Realignment of scar tissue F: Musculotendinous adhesions

A, C, E, F

Although rare, acute bacterial meningitis can occur in persons living in close proximity as in military barracks and college dorms. Bacterial meningitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that can progress quickly, so health-care professionals need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of this condition. Which of the following are red flags for bacterial meningitis? Select all that apply. A: Increasingly intense headache B: Cervical rigidity C: Unilateral muscle weakness and paresthesia D: Malaise E: Fever up to 104 degrees Fahrenheit F: Gradual increase in number and severity of symptoms G: Photophobia H: Facial paralysis I: Confusion J: Nausea and vomiting K: Skin rash

A, B, D, E, G, I, J, K

In determining if an athlete with epilepsy can begin sports participation or return to participation, medical and health-care professionals must consider a number of issues and criteria. Which of the following must be carefully considered? Select all that apply. A: Type of sport (collision, contact, or noncontact) B: Risk of severe injury or death if seizure occurs during sports participation C: Type of seizure commonly experienced D: Presence of any preexisting brain injury E: Age at time of initial diagnosis of epilepsy F: Risk of sustaining a traumatic brain injury during sports participation G: Effects of required medications on sports performance H: Frequency of seizures

A, B, D, F, G, H

The newly hired strength and conditioning coach at the high school where you provide athletic training healthcare to student athletes has asked to meet with you before the start of the fall sports season. He informs you he wants to start intensive stretching programs for all the school's student athletes in an effort to decrease injuries and improve sport performance. What are the contraindications to stretching the coach should be made aware of before starting his intensive stretching programs? Select all that apply. A: Sensation of a bony block or hard end-feel limiting range of motion B: Stretching tissues that are in the acute inflammatory process C: Sensation of tension or pulling in muscle belly of muscle being stretched D: Stretching tissues with a current active infection E: Stretching tissues that are contributing to limited joint range of motion F: Stretching tissues while taking antihistamines for seasonal allergies G: Stretching tissues with an acute hematoma H: Sharp pain created when tissues are stretched

A, B, D, G, H

Today you are meeting with a student athlete who is scheduled for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery at the end of the week. You are meeting with her to explain what she can expect immediately after surgery and to discuss the goals of her postoperative rehabilitation plan. What are goals that should be included in the maximum protection phase of her rehabilitation plan? Select all that apply. A: Prevent wound infection B: Manage postoperative pain, muscle guarding, and spasm C: Strengthen involved muscles and improve joint stability D: Restore full range of motion E: Minimize muscle atrophy across immobilized joints F: Prevent circulatory and pulmonary complications G: Establish a mobile scar

A, B, E, F

A male soccer player at the university where you provide athletic training healthcare to student athletes sustained a grade I medial collateral ligament (MCL) sprain of his knee 7 days ago. This morning you texted him and reminded him to bring his swimsuit to his rehabilitation session because he will be completing aquatic exercises in your center's pool as part of his rehabilitation program. The athlete texts you back asking why he needs to do exercises in the pool. What are advantages of aquatic exercises you can explain to this reluctant patient? Select all that apply. A: Because of the buoyancy and other properties of water, he will be able to do some exercises he has not been able to complete out of the water B: His low body fat will allow him to float better than someone who has a higher body fat content so he will have more buoyancy and need to exert less effort during exercises C: The pool water will provide his leg with protection through compression and limited weight-bearing so he will be able to complete upper body exercises D: Exercises for lower extremity strength and power are easier to perform in the water, allowing him to perform more repetitions E: The physical properties of water - buoyancy, viscosity, and hydrostatic pressure - aid in tissue healing

A, C, D, E

To restore full function the clinician in the photo is providing a joint mobilization treatment to the patient's glenohumeral joint. Which of the following is correct regarding this treatment? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.302) A: The humerus is the convex bone of the glenohumeral joint B: The clinician is performing an anterior glide of the humerus C: This mobilization technique is indicated to increase glenohumeral joint flexion D: The clinician is performing glides with the joint in the resting position E: This mobilization technique is indicated to increase glenohumeral joint internal rotation F: The clinician is applying an inferior glide force to the humeral head G: This mobilization technique is indicated to increase glenohumeral joint horizontal adduction

A, C, D, E

Which of the following criteria must be met in order for an athlete to return to full participation? Select all that apply. A: The athlete is able to demonstrate confidence in his or her ability and the ability of the injured area to perform without hesitation during sport-specific skills B: The athlete performs activities better than preinjury levels C: Observers should not be able to identify the injured extremity while performing sport activities D: No pain or edema is present E: The athlete demonstrates full strength, range of motion, and muscular endurance F: The athlete demonstrates at least 90% of preinjury cardiovascular fitness G: The athlete demonstrates appropriate levels of agility, coordination, and proprioception

A, C, D, E, G

The softball coach at the junior college where you provide athletic training health-care calls you while on a road trip with his team to report that his starting pitcher sustained a blow to the anterior aspect of her lower leg when she was unable to field a hit ball. The player is experiencing localized anterior tibial pain with moderate swelling, discoloration, and point tenderness. As this injury occurred on the second day of their 5-day road trip, you have chosen to give the coach the "do's and do not's" for treating this athlete. Which actions are contraindicated in treating this injury? Select all that apply. A: Provide ibuprofen for pain and inflammation B: Elevate the bed by putting suitcases under the end of the bed C: Soak the lower leg in a warm Epsom salt bath D: Sit in whirlpool tub for 20 minutes E: Give acetaminophen as needed for pain F: Massage the area to remove swelling G: Put on an elastic compression sleeve H: Elevate the leg by putting the foot on a pillow I: Put a wet towel and then a bag of crushed ice on the injured area for 20 minutes

A, C, D, F, G, H

Your patient is 3 days post-acute lateral ankle sprain. The initial plan of care you have developed for this patient includes cryokinetics to increase ankle joint dorsiflexion and plantar flexion range of motion. This treatment technique combines cryotherapy to numb the involved tissues with exercise. What are the principles that should be applied to the exercises the patient performs? Select all that apply. A: All exercises must be pain-free B: All exercises should be passive, without creating any muscle contractions C: All exercise progressions should quickly move the patient to more difficult exercises D: All exercises should be active, performed solely by the patient E: All exercises should be active when the muscles are contracting concentrically, and when the joint is returning to the starting position, the motion should be performed passively F: All exercises must not increase the patient's pain above the pretreatment rating G: All exercise progressions should be conservative in nature, progressing to more difficult exercises only after multiple days of successfully completing previous exercises H: All exercises must be performed smoothly using normal movement patterns

A, C, D, H

Your patient reports feeling thoracic area pulling and tightness when she flexes her cervical spine (chin to chest). To address this, you are including in her treatment plan the myofascial technique illustrated in the photo. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding this treatment? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.302) A: This myofascial technique is referred to as focused stretching B: This technique is able to release only localized superficial fascial restrictions C: This technique is indicated for large muscle groups D: This myofascial technique is referred to as muscle stripping E: This technique is similar to petrissage except that it addresses fascia instead of muscle F: This technique is used to reduce superficial or deep adhesions G: This technique uses slow, deep pressure to stretch the tissues H: This myofascial technique is referred to as skin rolling I: This technique takes advantage of the tissue stretching phenomenon known as creep

A, C, F, G, I

Three days after coming down with acute viral gastroenteritis, which resulted in 3 days of diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, an athlete reports to the athletic training clinic to show you his red eye. He informs you the eye does not hurt and he just noticed it this morning when he got out of the shower. What should you tell this patient regarding the management of his eye condition? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.304) A: "As the blood appears to be limited to the area under the clear conjunctiva and in front of the white sclera, you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage" B: "As the blood is pooled in the anterior chamber of the eye, you have a hyphema" C: "The condition you have is a serious, sight-threatening condition" D: "The condition you have is benign" E: "As long as your vision is not affected and you have no other signs or symptoms, this condition does not require an ophthalmic evaluation" F: "You need to be referred to an eye care specialist or emergency department at the local hospital immediately" G: "If your eye feels irritated you can use over-the-counter artificial tears" H: "During transportation to the physician, keep your head up and avoid being supine or on your side" I: "Your athletic participation is not restricted by this eye condition"

A, D, E, G, I

During initial screening, your patient demonstrated limited ankle joint dorsiflexion. You conducted a physical examination and determined his limited dorsiflexion is related to hypomobility of his talocrural joint. To address this hypomobility, you perform joint mobilization of the talocrural joint. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this treatment technique? Select all that apply. A: For this joint the talus is the convex bone and the tibia is the concave bone B: For this joint the talus is the concave bone and the tibia is the convex bone C: During open chain dorsiflexion, the talus glides posteriorly on the stationary tibia D: During open chain dorsiflexion, the talus glides anteriorly on the stationary tibia E: The resting position for administering this mobilization technique is 10 degrees of plantar flexion F: The resting position for administering this mobilization technique is 90 degrees of dorsiflexion G: The glide indicated for restricted dorsiflexion is the anterior talar glide (also known as ventral glide or posteroanterior glide) H: The glide indicated for restricted dorsiflexion is the posterior talar glide (also known as dorsal glide or anteroposterior glide)

A, D, E, H

During training, a member of your soccer team refrains from eating and drinking during daylight hours as part of a religious observance. How will you best assist this athlete? - Explain that the athlete will have to choose between religious practices and athletic participation - Disqualify the athlete from participation until the end of the religious observance - Acknowledge the athlete's religious convictions, and ensure the athlete gets caloric and fluid intake during the evening hours - Arrange with the team physician to provide IV fluids and glucose during the religious observance - Work with the coach to schedule training sessions after sundown

Acknowledge the athlete's religious convictions, and ensure the athlete gets caloric and fluid intake during the evening hours

For an athlete to safely resume full sports participation and normal preinjury activities, in what order should the specific parameters of therapeutic rehabilitation programs be completed? - Range of motion and muscular strength; flexibility and functional progression; coordination and agility - Isometric exercises and flexibility; proprioception and coordination; functional progression and agility - Active assistive exercises and proprioception; coordination and muscular strength; muscular endurance and functional activities - Muscular strength and endurance; proprioception and range of motion; isokinetic exercises and cardiovascular conditioning - Flexibility and range of motion; muscular strength and endurance; proprioception, coordination, and agility

Active assistive exercises and proprioception; coordination and muscular strength; muscular endurance and functional activities

An athlete undergoing a rehabilitation program has become noncompliant, missing appointments and not completing the home exercise program. What action can you take to improve this athlete's compliance? - Ask the athlete to return to rehabilitation only when he is ready to make the commitment - Actively involve the athlete in the goal-setting and rehabilitation planning process - Call the coach to institute disciplinary measures - Explain to the athlete your rehabilitation philosophy and rationale for selecting specific exercises

Actively involve the athlete in the goal-setting and rehabilitation planning process

During the rehabilitation process, an athlete is exhibiting the outward signs of excessive talking, argumentativeness, inappropriate joke telling, and hyperactivity. What is the most appropriate reaction by the athletic trainer? - Pity the athlete and excuse the behaviors - Tell the athlete that the behavior is abnormal - Allow the athlete to vent emotions - Reprimand the athlete for inappropriate behavior - Speak with teammates and encourage them to counsel the athlete

Allow the athlete to vent emotions

For which of the following athletes would massage be contraindicated? - An athlete with chronic biceps tendonitis who presents with limited range of motion - An athlete who is 2 weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction who presents with normally healing scar tissue - An athlete who is 4 days status post second-degree ankle sprain who presents with tight, red, shiny skin - An athlete who is 2 days status post forearm cast removal who presents with muscle atrophy - An athlete with chronic bilateral paraspinal muscle spasm secondary to a partially herniated vertebral disk

An athlete who is 4 days status post second-degree ankle sprain who presents with tight, red, shiny skin

During a depth jump drill, the athletic trainer encourages the athlete to minimize the time his feet are in contract with the floor. The athletic trainer is encouraging minimization of which plyometric exercise phase? - Eccentric - Concentric - Preload - Amortization

Amortization

For which of the following classifications of over-the-counter medications is relief of headache pain an indication? - Antihistamine - Antipruritic - Antipyretic - Analgesic

Analgesic

What treatment is recommended for a 15-year-old female soccer player who has been diagnosed with mittelschmerz? - Anti-inflammatory medications and ice pack - Analgesic medications and moist hot pack - Antidiarrheal medications and electrolyte fluid - Antiemetics and a bland diet - Antihistamines and nebulizer treatment

Analgesic medications and moist hot pack

In attempt to decrease the need for manipulation following a knee joint arthroplasty, the physician has ordered the use of a continuous passive motion (CPM) device for your patient. Which CPM device design type provides the most joint stability, range-of-motion control, and total range of motion and is considered the most suitable for the knee joint? - Free linkage design - Anatomic design - Nonanatomic design - Semilocked linkage design

Anatomic design

An athletic trainer is using a contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching technique to improve flexibility of an athlete's hamstrings. The hip is passively moved into flexion, and then the athlete is asked to contract the hamstrings against resistance provided by the athletic trainer. In this example, what role are the hamstrings playing? - Antagonist - Agonist - Synergist - Initiator - Inhibitor

Antagonist

Your patient appears lethargic and tired while completing today's exercises for his knee joint rehabilitation program. You assume your patient is getting bored with his exercises and is becoming unmotivated. When you share your observations and concerns with your patient, he assures you he is neither bored nor unmotivated but rather feeling drowsy from the over-the-counter multisymptom cold medication he took today to address his cold symptoms. What agent common to multisymptom cold medications is likely the cause of the patient's drowsiness? - Decongestant - Expectorant - Antitussive - Antihistamine - Analgesic

Antihistamine

An athlete complains of a dry, irritating cough that is keeping her up at night. Which of the following types of medications do you advise her to obtain at the drugstore? - Antitussive - Expectorant - Decongestant - Antihistamine - Analgesic

Antitussive

Mites, a common parasitic infection, spreads through direct contact, sexual contact, or sharing of infested clothes or bedding. A goal in treating a patient with mites is eradication of all living mites. Which of the following treatment recommendations has been shown to be effective in achieving this goal? - Wash all recently worn clothing and bedding in cold water with a chlorine bleach - Apply a prescribed scabicide, such as a 5% permethrin cream, to the entire body from the neck down and wash off 8 to 14 hours later - Take an over-the-counter oral antihistamine at one and one-half the recommended dosage - Submerge the entire body in a tube full of a 10% hot water/vinegar mixture for 30 to 60 minutes

Apply a prescribed scabicide, such as a 5% permethrin cream, to the entire body from the neck down and wash off 8 to 14 hours later

A swimmer with excessive kyphosis secondary to weak scapular musculature presents with bilateral impingement syndrome. She has been progressing through a comprehensive rehabilitation program focused on scapular stabilizers for 60 minutes each day. How can you encourage correct posture throughout the day as she performs her activities of daily living? - Fit the athlete with a figure-eight clavicle brace - Encourage the athlete to wear her backpack on both shoulders and to tighten the straps - Apply a tape pattern to the upper back to provide constant proprioceptive feedback - Encourage the athlete to keep both feet flat on the floor when seated - Instruct the athlete to place her mattress on the floor for sleeping

Apply a tape pattern to the upper back to provide constant proprioceptive feedback

A female collegiate athlete has been experiencing chronic lumbar area paraspinal muscle spasms without relief from ice or moist heat packs. Before initiating thermal ultrasound treatment of the muscles of her lumbar spine, you screen for potential contraindications. What question, when answered in the affirmative, is a contraindication for the use of thermal ultrasound? - Do you have any scar tissue in the area of your lumbar spine? - Have you been, or are you now, experiencing any trigger points? - Are you, or could you be pregnant? - Have you been diagnosed with joint contractures?

Are you, or could you be pregnant?

Your patient is a 17-year-old member of your high school lacrosse team. While playing in a summer national-level travel league 4 months ago, he sustained a tibial fracture that required surgical stabilization. During the past few weeks you have noticed this patient displaying some different behaviors, and you suspect he is abusing pain medication or recreational drugs. Which of the followings signs and symptoms may indicate a substance use disorder? - Increasing mistakes through inattention or poor judgement and unexplained weight loss - Increased appetite and increasing physical complaints of unknown origin or without evidence of injury - Arriving late to treatment sessions, practices, or class and overreacting to real of imagined criticisms - Minimizing relationship with parents and bragging about a vibrant social life

Arriving late to treatment sessions, practices, or class and overreacting to real of imagined criticisms

You are treating an elderly patient following a total hip replacement. She seems to be having difficulty remembering how to complete all of the exercises you have suggested as part of her home exercise program. What strategies might you use to assist this patient? - Remind the patient at the end of the session what you want her to do before you see her again - Ask her daughter who brings her to her appointments to come back when you are giving exercise instructions and solicit her assistance - Send the patient an e-mail or text reminder during the week to do her exercises - Notify the patient's physician that she may need to receive inpatient rehabilitative care

Ask her daughter who brings her to her appointments to come back when you are giving exercise instructions and solicit her assistance

You are applying the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5) graduated return to school strategy for a high school football player who sustained a concussion 5 days earlier. Yesterday this athlete was able to complete class readings and other homework at home without a return of any symptoms, so today he is returning to school for a half-day of classes. What criteria must be met before this athlete can go back to physical activity and sports? - Athlete is back to school part-time, but provided accommodations, such as more time to finish assignments and tests - Athlete is back to school part-time without any accommodations and is able to complete homework without symptoms worsening - Athlete is back to school full-time but provided accommodations, such as a quiet room for rest or to complete tests and assignments and no more than one examination per day - Athlete is back to school full-time without symptoms worsening and no longer needs schedule or school work accommodations

Athlete is back to school full-time without symptoms worsening and no longer needs schedule or school work accommodations

An 18-year-old women's basketball player who successfully returned to activity following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction during high school is now part of your college basketball team. You would like this athlete to participate in an ACL prevention training program. What is your rationale for making this recommendation to the coach and athlete? - Athletes with previous ACL injuries are at highest risk of sustaining an ACL injury in the same or in the contralateral limb, especially if the original injury occurred at a young age - All female athletes are at increased risk of ACL injury - Female athletes, and basketball players in particular, have demonstrated lower levels of neuromuscular control, making them more susceptible to ACL injuries - Prevention training programs are most successful if initiated before the athlete reaches skeletal maturity, so the earlier it can be initiated, the better

Athletes with previous ACL injuries are at highest risk of sustaining an ACL injury in the same or in the contralateral limb, especially if the original injury occurred at a young age

An athletic trainer working with a 65-year-old recreational tennis player who is 3 weeks status post total hip arthroplasty chooses to use passive range of motion exercises to assist the patient in regaining some joint motion. At this early phase of the rehabilitation process, what motion restrictions should be observed? - Avoid hip extension greater than 20 degrees, hip abduction beyond 0 degrees, and lateral rotation beyond 10 degrees - Avoid hip flexion greater than 45 degrees, hip abduction beyond 20 degrees, and medial rotation beyond 0 degrees - Avoid hip flexion greater than 100 degrees, hip adduction beyond 0 degrees, and medial rotation beyond 0 degrees - Avoid hip extension beyond 45 degrees, hip abduction beyond 45 degrees, and lateral rotation beyond 0 degrees

Avoid hip flexion greater than 100 degrees, hip adduction beyond 0 degrees, and medial rotation beyond 0 degrees

Whether the patient is completing a rehabilitation program for an upper extremity condition or a lower extremity injury, the clinician should follow a general progression of proprioception exercises. Which of the following are components of the appropriate progression of proprioception exercises? Select all that apply. A: Coordination should be achieved first, then balance, and finally agility B: Balance should be achieved first, the coordination, and finally agility C: Exercises progress from easy to difficult D: Exercises progress from static to dynamic E: Exercises progress from fast to slow and deliberate F: Exercises progress from simple to complex G: Exercises must be performed accurately before progressing to the next phase

B, C, D, F, G

Your patient presents with a history of unilateral shoulder pain and weakness. After assessing glenohumeral joint active, passive, and resisted range of motion, you note a significant deficit in glenohumeral joint extension force production of his involved shoulder. Exercises focused on what primary and secondary movers should be included in your patient's treatment plan to address this deficit? Select all that apply. A: Supraspinatus B: Teres major C: Teres minor D: Pectoralis major E: Middle trapezius F: Triceps G: Infraspinatus H: Subscapularis I: Latissimus dorsi J: Posterior deltoid

B, C, F, I, J

Treatment goals provide guidance in developing the overall treatment plan and in assessing the patient's progress in response to treatments throughout the treatment and rehabilitation process. Treatment goals should be functional and written so they are reproducible by other clinicians. What components should be included in a well-written functional goal? Select all that apply. A: Name of managing clinician B: What patient will accomplish C: Time of day goal will be assessed D: How outcome or task will be measured E: Amount of time (days or weeks) to meet the goal F: Alternative goal if goal is not met

B, D, E

A clinician chooses to use muscle energy techniques for a patient with a posterior iliac rotation. In what direction will the patient be instructed to move while the clinician provides resistance to create an isometric muscle contraction? - Hip flexion - Hip extension - Hip abduction - Hip adduction

Hip flexion

Which of the following therapeutic exercise protocols would be helpful for an older adult who would like to train to minimize risk of falls? - Circuit training - Body awareness training - Mindfulness and meditation training - Biomechanical training

Body awareness training

An Amateur Athletic Union basketball player is completing a rehabilitation program to address his bilateral Osgood-Schlatter disease. What exercises should this athlete avoid because they will exacerbate his symptoms? - Resisted terminal knee extension - Closed kinetic chain knee flexion beyond 90 degrees of flexion - Prone full-range hamstring curls - Quadriceps setting - Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching

Closed kinetic chain knee flexion beyond 90 degrees of flexion

Your patient recently purchased a Swiss Ball to perform Swiss Ball exercises as part of her home care program. What safety recommendations should you provide this patient for using a Swiss Ball for her home program? - Clothing should be minimal to allow for maximal skin to ball contact to best stabilize the ball, and she should wear rubber-soled shoes for traction - Clothing should be free of belt buckles and other metal that may puncture the ball, and she should wear rubber-soled shoes for traction - Clothing should be made of cotton to absorb sweat and minimize sliding on the ball, and she should have bare feet for traction - Clothing should be minimal to allow for maximal skin to ball contact to best stabilize the ball, and her hair should be restrained, if necessary, so it does not impede exercises or hamper vision

Clothing should be free of belt buckles and other metal that may puncture the ball, and she should wear rubber-soled shoes for traction

A patient completing a postoperative rehabilitation program is struggling to gain range of motion. During today's session she reports feeling extreme pain before the clinician moves the limb halfway to the end of her available range of motion. She tells the clinician she does not want to feel the uncomfortable sensations she felt in the previous treatment session. This is an example of which dimension of pain perception? - Sensory-discriminative - Cognitive-evaluative - Affective-motivational - Cognitive-modulative

Cognitive-evaluative

Based on wavelength and frequency, which infrared modality is capable of achieving the greatest effective depth of penetration? - Cold packs - Cold whirlpool - Warm whirlpool - Moist heat - Paraffin bath

Cold packs

A lacrosse midfielder has been completing a sport-specific functional progression as part of his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction protocol. The athlete has been doing a great job and progressing well. Over the weekend the athlete decided that because he was feeling so good he would play a little "light" pick-up with his friends. While playing, the athlete hyperextended his knee and felt a pop. Evaluation revealed that he had ruptured his healing graft. The athlete's parents brought a lawsuit against the athletic trainer stating the athlete had not been specifically told that he could not use the sport-specific skills he was doing in rehabilitation sessions while unsupervised. What legal defense might the athletic trainer use in this situation? - Statutes of limitation - Sovereign immunity - Assumption of risk - Comparative negligence

Comparative negligence

A tennis player is in the late stages of rehabilitation for impingement syndrome and has returned to practice drills. The player reports feeling weakness at ball contact during the serve. Which of the following rehabilitation exercises would be most appropriate to address this weakness? - Closed kinetic chain weight shifting on a Swiss ball - Closed kinetic chain multiplanar slide board exercises - D1 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern emphasizing the flexion portion of the pattern - D2 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern emphasizing the extension portion of the pattern - Internal and external rotation with an exercise band at 90 degrees of shoulder abduction

D2 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern emphasizing the extension portion of the pattern

You are providing your patient instructions for using electromyography (EMG) biofeedback to facilitate isometric muscle contractions of her lower leg. After properly applying and securing the electrodes to the patient's skin, turning on the unit, and placing the patient's lower leg in the desired position, you instruct the patient to relax. While the patient is relaxed you adjust the sensitivity range to the lowest value that does not provide feedback and then set the top of the sensitivity range to two thirds of that value and instruct the patient to contract the muscle until maximum feedback is obtained and then hold the contraction for 6 seconds. During this first session, the patient is able to complete 15 repetitions. What changes to the treatment setup should you make for the next session to encourage your patient to elicit stronger muscular contractions? - Increase the sensitivity setting - Move the electrodes further apart - Decrease the sensitivity setting - Apply electrodes without using a conductive gel

Decrease the sensitivity setting

Following surgical repair of type II superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion, which joint motion is likely to demonstrate a deficit even several years after repair and may benefit from manual therapy intervention throughout the rehabilitation protocol to maximize motion while protecting healing structures? - Flexion - Horizontal adduction - External rotation - Internal rotation

External rotation

Which Swedish massage technique is used to remove edema from an extremity after a subacute injury? - Friction - Tapotement - Effleurage - Petrissage

Effleurage

In what way can a clinician best measure the impact on activities of daily living and subjective function of a functional exercise progression program following a knee injury? - Use an isokinetic dynamometer to quantify strength - Employ a pain scale, such as the McGill Pain Questionnaire - Employ a functional scoring system, such as the Knee Outcome Survey - Use a goniometer to quantify motion available in major joints - Use Cooper's test to quantify overall fitness levels

Employ a functional scoring system, such as the Knee Outcome Survey

What research-supported information regarding nutritional needs should you provide a patient with a recently diagnosed humerus fracture to optimize healing and recovery? - Avoid gluten-containing foods - Ensure sufficient protein intake, particularly branched chain amino acids - Take vitamin C at or above the recommended daily allowance - Take high doses of omega-3 fatty acids

Ensure sufficient protein intake, particularly branched chain amino acids

An athlete with an acute lateral ankle sprain reports to the athletic training facility with severe joint effusion and not wearing the compression wrap or open basket weave you applied the night before. When the athlete went home last night, he soaked the injured ankle in a warm Epsom salt bath. How would you best address this situation with the athlete? - Explain your role as a certified athletic trainer and detail your educational and clinical experiences - Ask the athlete on what research he based his decision to use thermotherapy - Scold the athlete for ignoring your directions - Explain the inflammatory phase of the healing process to the athlete and why heat should be avoided while in this phase

Explain the inflammatory phase of the healing process to the athlete and why heat should be avoided while in this phase

This viral condition, although more commonly occurring in adults, can develop in people of any age. It manifests with a vesicular rash that follows the track of one or more sensory nerve roots giving rise to unilateral body patterns that follow a specific dermatome. Patients with this condition present with severe pain and paresthesia along with the rash. What viral condition matches this description? - Varicella - Herpes zoster - Herpes simplex - Hepatitis B

Herpes zoster

A field hockey plater is completing functional agility training along with several football players who are also in the functional phase of their rehabilitation protocol under the direction of the university strength coach. Approximately 1 week into the training, the field hockey player approaches you and asks to be excused from agility training. This behavior is unusual for the athlete, and as you ask more questions you determine that the football players and strength coach have been watching the athlete while she completes the exercises, remarking on her physical appearance and making derogatory jokes. How might this behavior be characterized? - Gender bias - Ethnocentrism - Quid pro quo harassment - Hostile environment

Hostile environment

An athletic trainer working in the industrial setting is developing a functional and performance-specific rehabilitation program for a warehouse worker. After the work skills are evaluated and broken down into components and incorporated into the rehabilitation program, what options are available for implementation of performance-specific skills? - The worker can be returned to job activities and encouraged to work with his supervisor to modify work responsibilities as needed - If possible, work with the employer to allow the patient to perform some work-related tasks under supervision by the athletic trainer or simulate those activities in the clinic - Refer the patient to a regional vocational training facility - Provide the patient with clear instructions for practicing the performance-specific skills at home

If possible, work with the employer to allow the patient to perform some work-related tasks under supervision by the athletic trainer or simulate those activities in the clinic

What term is used when referring to the use of nutrients to attenuate immune changes and inflammation following injury? - Anti-inflammatory nutrition - Immunonutritional support - Nutritional immunology - Recovery nutrition

Immunonutritional support

You see a high school athlete for the first time 3 days after he has sustained a medial collateral ligament sprain. After conducting a comprehensive medical history and physical examination you sit down with the athlete and his family to set his short-term and long-term treatment goals. Which of the following is an example of a short-term goal? - The patient will be pain-free in 1 week - In 1 week the patient's joint effusion will decrease by 1 cm when measured at midpatella - The patient will return to playing football in 3 weeks - For the next week the patient will bring a positive mental attitude to each treatment session

In 1 week the patient's joint effusion will decrease by 1 cm when measured at midpatella

What impact do joint mobilizations have on the nutrition of a joint? - Joint mobilizations do not impact joint nutrition in any way, as nutrition is systemic - Joint mobilizations encourage synovial fluid movement, which promotes nutrient-waste exchange of the articular cartilage - Joint mobilizations produce cavitation in the joint releasing carbon dioxide - Joint mobilizations break down adhesions, which inhibit joint nutrition

Joint mobilizations encourage synovial fluid movement, which promotes nutrient-waste exchange of the articular cartilage

A first-semester college student becomes sick with a wet, productive cough along with chest congestion and tightness. She also has a runny nose, nasal congestion, and a sore throat. After experiencing these symptoms for 3 days she seeks care at the university's health center. She is diagnosed with acute bronchitis and provided with a list of over-the-counter medications she can purchase to address her symptoms. The student leaves the health center upset because she expected she would be given an antibiotic prescription for her bronchitis as her hometown physician had always done. Why was she not given a prescription for an antibiotic to treat her acute bronchitis? - Most (90%) cases of acute bronchitis are viral in origin, and antibiotics are not indicated - Antibiotics provide only minimal benefit, so her medical insurance would not cover the cost of the prescription - Current accepted treatment for acute bronchitis is to delay antibiotic use until patients have experienced symptoms for 5 days - Her previous use of antibiotics for the treatment of acute bronchitis indicates antibiotics will be ineffective in treating her current case of acute bronchitis

Most (90%) cases of acute bronchitis are viral in origin, and antibiotics are not indicated

A high school lacrosse player sustains a contact injury to his knee during practice. After providing 2 days of acute management, you reexamine the knee to update his treatment plan. During your examination you assess range of motion and apply Cyriax's rule of determining contractile and insert tissue involvement. Which of the following examination findings indicates contractile tissue involvement? - Patient presents with knee pain during both active knee flexion and passive knee flexion - Patient presents with knee pain during active knee flexion and end-range pain with passive knee extension - Patient presents with knee pain during both active knee extension and passive knee extension - Patient presents with knee pain during active knee extension and end-range pain with passive knee extension

Patient presents with knee pain during active knee flexion and end-range pain with passive knee extension

Throughout the recovery from a concussion, the patient's proprioception and kinesthesia should be evaluated using objective measures of postural stability. One objective assessment is the modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS), a component of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5). According to this assessment tool, what information should be recorded for each test session so that score differences can be attributed to changes in balance? - Patient's body weight - Patient's footwear worn during testing - Time of day - Patient's visual analog scale for pain score for headache pain

Patient's footwear worn during testing

An athlete recently diagnosed with asthma has been provided a peak flow meter to monitor the effectiveness of her medications. To assist this athlete, you first must provide her with a normal peak expiratory flow (in L/min) she can compare with her obtained values. In addition to gender, on what are the normative values for peak expiratory flow based? - Patient's height and age - Patient's height and weight - Patient's weight and resting heart rate - Patient's height and resting heart rate

Patient's height and age

In most cases, patients recovering from infectious mononucleosis may resume light physical training 3 weeks after the onset of their illness. Which of the following is one of the criteria used to determine if the patient is ready to begin a gradual return to physical activity? - Patient is febrile - Patient's spleen is not markedly enlarged or painful - Patient's pharyngitis and any other complications are being treated - Patient's liver function tests are improving

Patient's spleen is not markedly enlarged or painful

For which of the following patients has the literature shown low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to be effective in reducing clinical healing time and radiographic healing time for bone fractures such as tibial fractures? - Patients with an acute fracture who begin treatment soon after the injury while the bone is in the inflammatory and callus formation stage of the healing process - Patients with tibial fractures that have been surgically reinforced using an intramedullary rod - Patients who begin taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications or steroids soon after the injury - Patients with an acute fracture who begin treatment once the bone reaches the remodeling phase of bone healing

Patients with an acute fracture who begin treatment soon after the injury while the bone is in the inflammatory and callus formation stage of the healing process

This spring season, a freshman athlete at your university who has asthma is struggling to control her increasing frequency of asthma attacks. You are concerned her asthma medication is ineffective, so you have referred her to a physician. When you see her again she tells you the physician provided her with additional and different medications, but she is not sure if they are helping. What evaluation tool can best assist you in determining if this athlete's medications are effective? - Sphygmomanometer - Metered-dose inhaler - Peak flow meter - Pulse oximeter

Peak flow meter

You are treating a swimmer for impingement syndrome. When initiating the rehabilitation program, the flexibility of which muscle groups should be assessed and emphasized because they are prone to develop tightness? - Rhomboids and levator scapula - Serratus anterior and supraspinatus - Sternocleidomastoid and teres minor - Upper trapezius and triceps - Pectoralis minor and scalenes

Pectoralis minor and scalenes

What treatment parameters should be selected when treating a patient's chronic low back pain using electrical stimulation for noxious level pain control by targeting C nerve fibers and controlling pain via the central biasing mechanism? - Phase duration of 200 to 400 usec, pulse frequency of 2 to 4 pps, and a submotor intensity - Phase duration of 200 to 400 usec, pulse frequency of 80 to 120 pps, and an intensity that produces a strong muscle contraction - Phase duration of 1 to 100 msec, variable pulse frequency, and an intensity as high as the patient can tolerate - Phase duration of 1 to 100 msec, phase duration less than 100 usec, pulse frequency of 60 to 100 pps, and an intensity to produce a moderate to strong muscle contraction

Phase duration of 1 to 100 msec, variable pulse frequency, and an intensity as high as the patient can tolerate

A running back who has just returned to plyometric exercises following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a patellar tendon graft is experiencing some inflammation at the donor site. Which modality would meet the goals of increasing tissue temperature to stretching and scar massage as well as decrease inflammation? - Short-wave diathermy - Iontophoresis with acetic acid - Phonophoresis with dexamethasone - Moist hot pack and massage

Phonophoresis with dexamethasone

A golfer reports to the athletic training clinic complaining of sharp pain in the ball of her foot. She states that it feels like there is a piece of glass stuck in her foot. The athletic trainer observes callus formation embedded with tiny black or dark red dots on the ball of the foot. What is this condition, and how should it best be managed? - Tinea pedis; apply an over-the-counter antifungal cream, and educate the athlete on proper foot hygiene and drying techniques - Chronic eczema; apply topical steroids, use oral antihistamines to reduce itching, and educate the athlete about proper foot hygiene and drying techniques - Plantar warts; shave excessive callus, apply over-the-counter chemicals designed to dissolve the warts, and use doughnut padding for pressure relief - Tinea pedis; use oral antibiotics, shave excessive callus, and instruct the athlete on proper footwear selection - Plantar warts; use an oral antiviral medication, and educate the athlete on proper foot hygiene and drying techniques

Plantar warts; shave excessive callus, apply over-the-counter chemicals designed to dissolve the warts, and use doughnut padding for pressure relief

For 10 days your patient has been completing a therapeutic exercise program to address limited ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion secondary to extended immobilization. The program includes static stretching of the plantar flexors, active range of motion exercises, and resisted range of motion exercises using manual resistance. When you reassess your patient's ankle joint range of motion you note an ongoing passive dorsiflexion range of motion deficit. What therapeutic exercise should be added to this patient's treatment plan to address this dorsiflexion range of motion deficit? - Resisted range of motion exercises using tubing - Static stretching of the dorsiflexion - Posterior glides of the talus - Anterior glides of the talus

Posterior glides of the talus

You have been rehabilitating an athlete's shoulder for the past 4 weeks following an anterior capsular shift surgical procedure. Using a goniometer, you have assessed the athlete's active shoulder flexion to be 80 degrees. Which of the following rehabilitation components should be added to your athlete's rehabilitation program to address this limitation? - Posterior humeral glides - D1 extension pattern - Weight shifting in the quadruped position - Glenohumeral internal and external rotation with exercise band resistance - Codman's pendulum

Posterior humeral glides

An athlete who has recently been prescribed Imitrex for migraine headaches is demonstrating an increase in blood pressure. In which section of the Physician's Desk Reference can this be verified as a possible side effect of the medication? - Product information section - Product identification guide - Product category index - Brand and generic name index - Manufacturer's index

Product information section

Once an athlete has been taught how to perform progressive muscle relaxation techniques, how might the athletic trainer enhance the use and efficacy of the treatment for the athlete? - Incorporate the exercise into the daily rehabilitation session even though the athlete seems anxious about not being able to effectively relax - Ask the athlete to select three teammates to practice the techniques with in the locker room before each practice session - Make it a required team activity after each practice - Provide the athlete with recordings of guided relaxation techniques so the athlete can practice on his own in a quiet environment

Provide the athlete with recordings of guided relaxation techniques so the athlete can practice on his own in a quiet environment

A slalom skier complains of pain in her right buttock that is beginning to radiate into her posterior thigh. She has no history of back pain and no reports of numbness or tingling. While the patient is lying supine on the table, you notice her right leg is slightly more laterally rotated at rest than her left leg. She notes that the pain increases when she tries to stretch by pulling her right knee toward her left shoulder. The patient is tender to palpation deep in the right buttock, and tightness is noted as well. Straight leg raise test is negative. No leg-length discrepancy is noted. Resisted hip abduction and lateral rotation increases pain. Which of the following would be an appropriate immediate treatment plan? - Remove the athlete from all activity and provide pain control modalities such as ice and electrical stimulation - Refer the athlete for diagnostic tests to rule out intra-articular pathology - Provide treatment for trigger points, perform myofascial release, and teach stretching exercises while allowing the athlete to practice as tolerated, if fully functional - Provide heel lift to allow the tissue to rest, begin strengthening exercises, and allow full activity

Provide treatment for trigger points, perform myofascial release, and teach stretching exercises while allowing the athlete to practice as tolerated, if fully functional

You are using a 10-point patient-based outcome measure to determine improvements in your patient's condition following a therapeutic intervention. For this assessment tool you apply a minimally clinically important change (MCID) of 2 points. What information is provided by applying an MCID? - Provides the smallest detectable difference in scores, accounting for measurement error - Provides the smallest relevant postintervention assessment score - Provides the smallest amount of change, in points, that is important of beneficial to the patient - Provides the smallest amount of change, in points that indicates resolution of pathology

Provides the smallest amount of change, in points, that is important of beneficial to the patient

You are completing a D2 lower extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) strengthening pattern moving into flexion. As the athlete reaches the end of the pattern, what verbal cues should you provide? - Pull the top of your foot toward your nose, push your foot out against my hand, and extend your toes - Push the gas pedal, turn your foot in against my hand, and curl your toes - Pull the top of your foot toward your nose, turn the bottom of your foot inward against my hand, and extend your toes - Push the gas pedal, turn your foot out against my hand, and curl your toes - Push the gas pedal, turn your foot out against my hand, and extend your toes

Pull the top of your foot toward your nose, push your foot out against my hand, and extend your toes

Which of the following might be indicative of an autonomic response to a very effective myofascial release treatment session? - Fascial adhesion is relieved and motion increases - Muscle spasm is decreased and with it pain due to endorphin release - Generalized tightness within the entire extremity is released - Pulse rate increases along with sweating and changes in blood pressure

Pulse rate increases along with sweating and changes in blood pressure

A physician's rehabilitation protocol recommends that at this stage of the athlete's rehabilitation program you begin upper extremity closed kinetic chain exercises. Which of the following exercises is considered an upper extremity closed kinetic chain exercise? - Catching a ball tossed into a pitch-back machine or vertical trampoline - Internal and external rotation with exercise bands - Supine medicine ball toss and catch - Push-up on a Swiss Ball - Supine rhythmic stabilization

Push-up on a Swiss Ball

Manual muscle testing does not attempt to quantify the amount of force generated by a muscle group precisely. Which of the following is a major purpose of manual muscle testing during the rehabilitation process? - Compare range of motion of the injured limb with the opposing extremity - Objectively measure the muscle function of the injured limb - Reeducate the neurological functions of the injured limb - Qualify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program

Qualify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program

A patient with lumbar disk pathology has been completing a McKenzie exercise protocol. The patient reports that her back pain has increased since beginning the treatment regimen, but her leg and buttock pain has decreased. How would you respond to the patient's concerns? - Refer the patient back to her physician for reevaluation and further diagnostic studies to evaluate possible exacerbation of disk pathology - Switch the patient to an exercise protocol that focuses more on core stability and lumbar flexion - Reassure the patient that this is the desired response from implementation of this protocol, as low back pain is easier to manage and tolerate than radicular symptoms - Suggest that the patient reduce her repetitions, as she may be overloading the healing tissue

Reassure the patient that this is the desired response from implementation of this protocol, as low back pain is easier to manage and tolerate than radicular symptoms

Malingerers can be challenging patients, so clinicians need to understand their reasons for malingering, such as fear of returning to activity, gaining attention, having an excuse to not participate, and receiving financial compensation without working or participating. What actions should a clinician take to encourage a malingering patient to participate in a rehabilitation program to aid recovery to optimal function? - Welcome the patient to the rehabilitation session and let the patient know how much you value the time you get to spend with him or her - Record the patient's specific rehabilitation goals and progress toward those goals - Ask the patient's family, friends, and teammates to treat the patient special, providing sympathy and compassion - Excuse and do not bring attention to the patient's poor attitude or behavior

Record the patient's specific rehabilitation goals and progress toward those goals

You have decided to include aquatic therapy in your patient's pan of care. What advantage of aquatic therapy should be communicated to the patient? - Reduction of patient's gravitational forces allows for exercise when on-land weight bearing is not permissible - Decreased compressive forces permit patients with injuries in the acute inflammatory phase to exercise - Water temperature allows patients to exercise when sick with a bacterial or viral infection - Buoyancy of the water reduces external forces, allowing patients with open wounds and postoperative wounds to exercise

Reduction of patient's gravitational forces allows for exercise when on-land weight bearing is not permissible

While rehabilitating a golfer following surgical repair of a long extensor tendon of the hand, you note that the patient can no longer achieve full active extension, although passive extension is still present. What concerns might be raised and what actions might you take in this situation? - Continue to work on regaining active extension, as full range of motion is key to regaining preinjury functional levels - Add resistive extension activities to increase deficits in strength of the hand extensors - Refer the athlete to a hand therapist as dehiscing may be occurring - Initiate treatment to reduce adhesions that are likely limiting full motion

Refer the athlete to a hand therapist as dehiscing may be occurring

An athlete reports to the athletic training facility complaining of a large blister on the bottom of his foot that is open, red, and markedly swollen. The skin around the blister is red, tight, and shiny. No outward leakage of pus is noted. The athlete also reports an overall feeling of malaise and a low-grade fever for the past 12 hours. How is this athlete best treated? - Apply an antibacterial ointment and an occlusive dressing to the blister, and give the athlete an over-the-counter antipyretic for fever and malaise - Soak the blister in a povidone-iodine bath, apply a triple antibiotic ointment, and cover the blister with a nonadhesive bandage - Apply zinc oxide to dry the blister, cover with a nonadhesive bandage, and use a doughnut pad to disperse force - Refer the athlete to a physician

Refer the athlete to a physician

A soccer player is rehabilitating following a knee ligament injury. At this point in his rehabilitation protocol, you indicate on-field cone drills with a ball. For this injury, in which phase of the healing process can these activities typically be performed? - Acute inflammatory phase - Subacute inflammatory phase - Repair phase - Remodeling phase

Remodeling phase

Which of the following statements correctly provides a summary of the current evidence related to trigger points? - Research findings related to trigger points are still at the hypothesis level - Through a series of investigative studies, evidence points to a theory to explain trigger points - Conclusions related to trigger points relate primarily to a series of meta-analyses on ischemia - A variety of theories related to trigger points have been developed and must be analyzed to develop a valid and reliable hypothesis

Research findings related to trigger points are still at the hypothesis level

Your patient is participating in a lower extremity plyometric training program. One of the bounding exercises in his program is skipping on a hard, flat surface. Because this patient has been successfully performing this exercise, which of the following should now be added to his program to progress him to a more difficult bounding exercise? - Hip-twist ankle hop - Single-leg bounding - Standing long jump - Two foot ankle hop

Single-leg bounding

An athletic trainer is using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques to improve an athlete's glenohumeral joint motion. The athletic trainer positions the athlete in a supine position with the glenohumeral joint in 90 degrees of abduction and the elbow flexed to 90 degrees. The athlete performs a concentric contraction of the internal rotators until the end of the range is reached. The athlete then performs an isometric contraction of the external rotators. This is followed by relaxation of the shoulder musculature and then a contraction of the internal rotators concentrically to achieve a stretch. Which of the following PNF stretching techniques is being employed? - Slow reversal-hold-relax technique to increase glenohumeral external rotation - Slow reversal-hold-relax technique to increase glenohumeral internal rotation - Contract-relax technique to increase glenohumeral internal rotation - Contract-relax technique to increase glenohumeral external rotation - Hold-relax technique to increase glenohumeral internal rotation

Slow reversal-hold-relax technique to increase glenohumeral internal rotation

Which of the following actions should be included in the treatment of an ingrown toenail? - Cut out the ingrown part of the nail and soak the foot in Epsom salts - Soak the nail in a warm povidone-iodine solution bath, cut a "V" in the nail, and place cotton under the corner of the nail - Shave the top of the nail and spread the toes apart with cotton - Remove excess dirt from the nail and soak it in hot water with antibiotic soap - Surgically remove the entire toenail and allow it to grow back properly

Soak the nail in a warm povidone-iodine solution bath, cut a "V" in the nail, and place cotton under the corner of the nail

The principles of rehabilitation are used to achieve the goals and objectives of the treatment and rehabilitation program, which are determined by the body's physiological healing response. To remember the seven principles, clinicians can use the mnemonic ATC IS IT. What principle is represented by the letter S? - Sport specificity - Specific sequencing - Simplification - Standardization

Specific sequencing

Which of the following best describes information that should be provided to a patient following application of a Graston technique? - Some redness, heat, and bruising are normal reactions to the treatment. Fluid intake should be increased to resolve the by-products of inflammation that may have resulted from the treatment - The treated area should be rested and stressed as little as possible for 12 to 24 hours - Pain may increase immediately after treatment but should resolve within 2 hours - Ice should not be used after treatment so as not to disturb the inflammatory process created by the treatment

Some redness, heat, and bruising are normal reactions to the treatment. Fluid intake should be increased to resolve the by-products of inflammation that may have resulted from the treatment

After graduating from college and becoming a certified athletic trainer, you move home to be closer to your family. Not long after moving home you secure a job as the sole athletic trainer for a nearby junior college. In the first days of your new job the school's athletic director informs you he has secured some money through the alumni association and asks you to submit a list of therapeutic modalities you would like him to purchase for your use. You are unsure which therapeutic modalities, if any, you are legally permitted to use. What entity defines the legal boundaries in which athletic trainers may practice? - State regulations, such as licensure, registration, or certification - National regulations, such as scope of practice guidelines and position statements set forth by the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) - College or university regulations, such as those appearing in a policies and procedures manual - National educational regulations and standards for accredited athletic training programs

State regulations, such as licensure, registration, or certification

A lacrosse midfielder is returning to performance-specific skills following a hamstring strain. Place the following activities in the order in which they would be initiated in the functional progression. Note: Every step in the progression is not included. A: Running forward on a flat surface at 50% intensity B: Walking C: Cariocas 50% speed moving left and right D: W sprints with backpedaling and forward sprinting at 50% speed E: Figure-8's with small circles at 50% speed F: Sprinting forward on level surface at 50% maximum speed G: Jogging H: Running forward on an incline surface at 100% speed I: Walk-jog intervals J: Figure-8's with large circles at 75% speed K: Zigzag sprints at 100% speed L: Change of direction on command during agility exercises

Step 1: B Step 2: I Step 3: G Step 4: A Step 5: F Step 6: H Step 7: C Step 8: J Step 9: E Step 10: K Step 11: D Step 12: L

A cross country runner steps on a tree root while running along a path in the woods and sustains a moderate ankle sprain. After evaluating and treating the athlete, you decide to apply a supportive wrap to the athlete's injured ankle and provide the athlete with an assistive ambulatory device. You have applied the supportive wrap, but the athlete cannot bear weight on the injured limb. As you prepare to send the athlete home for the evening, what steps should you take to fit him for crutches? Select only the steps that are appropriate at this time. Place your selections in the order in which you would perform them. Some of the steps listed may not be used. (Steps 1-5) A: Adjust the hand brace so that it is even with the athlete's hand when the elbow is flexed at approximately 30 degrees B: Adjust the hand brace so that it is even with the athlete's hand when the elbow is fully extended C: Ask the athlete to remove his shoes and stand with his feet close together and knees flexed to approximately 20 degrees D: With the athlete standing, place the tip of the crutches 1 in. from the outer margin of his shoes and 12 in. in front of his shoes, and adjust their length E: Ask the athlete to wear low shoes similar to the ones he will be wearing when using crutches and to stand straight with his feet close together F: With the athlete standing, place the tip of the crutches 6 in. from the outer margin of his shoes and 2 in. in front of his shoes, and adjust their length as needed G: Check crutch length by ensuring the crutch top is 1 in. (about 3 finger widths) below the anterior fold of the axilla H: Check crutch length by determining whether the crutch top is 3 to 4 in. below the anterior fold of the axilla I: Inspect the crutch tops, bolts, and wing nuts to make sure they are clean, functioning, and neither worn nor defective

Step 1: I Step 2: E Step 3: F Step 4: G Step 5: A

Clinicians need to introduce exercises to develop strength, power, and agility at various stages throughout the rehabilitation process. Using the table, categorize each of the exercises listed as an exercise to address strength, power, or agility. All exercises will be used, and no exercise can be used twice. (Chart on Rozzi pg. 299) A: Figure-8 pattern drills B: Push-ups C: Carioca running through ladder D: Elbow curls and extensions with hand held weight E: Skipping F: Zigzag sprints G: Front box jumps H: Bent-over row exercises with rubber band I: Change of direction command drills J: Two-foot ankle hops K: Standing long jump L: Straight leg raises with ankle weight

Strength: B, D, H, L Power: E, G, J, K Agility: A, C, F, I

While providing healthcare in a sports medicine clinic, you are asked to assess a patient who is 5 days status post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with partial medial meniscectomy. Your first task is to inspect and clean the patient's surgical incision site. What steps should you take to inspect and clean the incision? Select from the list only the steps that are appropriate at this time. Place your selections in the order in which you should perform them. Some of the steps listed may not be used. (Steps 1-7) A: Inspect the wound for clinical features of wound infection, including pain, edema, erythema, warmth, wound dehiscence, and delayed healing B: Clean the incision site with povidone-iodine solution C: Apply antibacterial ointment to the incision site D: Remove the surgical gloves and wash your hands E: Debride the scab and any dried skin and blood F: Gently remove the surgical dressing G: Gently remove the adhesive strips H: Dispose of all waste and properly clean the table and entire treatment area I: Clean the incision site with copious amounts of soap and water J: Apply a clean dressing K: Put on surgical gloves L: Clean the incision site with hydrogen peroxide

Step 1: K Step 2: F Step 3: A Step 4: C Step 5: J Step 6: H Step 7: D

A freshman collegiate sprinter of Native American descent with an injured hamstring comes in for treatment on Monday morning after going home for the weekend. Inspection of the injured hamstring reveals some redness, heat, and discoloration that was not present when the athlete finished treatment on Friday. The athlete shared that while at home the tribal medicine person applied some herbs and manual muscle energy techniques. Since that time, the athlete has noticed the inflammatory response and increased pain. How might the athletic trainer address this situation? - Explain that the tribal medicine person has exacerbated the injury with the alternative medicine treatments and the athlete should no longer seek care there - Apply ice and other modalities to manage the inflammation and hope the alternative medicine treatment has not set the rehabilitation process back significantly - Ask the coach not to allow the athlete to travel until the injury is resolved - Talk to the athlete to gain a better understanding of the treatment that was provided and explain that sometimes alternative medicine techniques affect in a negative way traditional rehabilitation protocols

Talk to the athlete to gain a better understanding of the treatment that was provided and explain that sometimes alternative medicine techniques affect in a negative way traditional rehabilitation protocols

Successful completion of which of the following would indicate that a patient completing a balance progression is ready to move to a single-weight support position? - Double-weight support, eyes closed, feet together for 30 seconds - Tandem-stance support, eyes open, 30 seconds - Tandem-stance support, eyes closed, head rotating left to right, 30 seconds - Double-weight support, eyes closed, feet together, head rotating left to right, 30 seconds

Tandem-stance support, eyes closed, head rotating left to right, 30 seconds

The soccer coach is observing as you work with the starting midfielder on sport-specific drills during the functional progression phase of her rehabilitation protocol. How would you explain to the coach the factors that will determine when the athlete is ready to return to participation? - The athlete can return to activity when she completes all of the aspects of the functional progression and meets the time frame outlined in the rehabilitation protocol - The athlete can return to activity when her isokinetic testing values indicate equal strength bilaterally - The athlete can return to activity when she can perform all functional activities without hesitation and without favoring one extremity over the other, and she can demonstrate confidence with all movements - The athlete can return to activity when her strength and range of motion are within normal limits and she feels comfortable returning

The athlete can return to activity when she can perform all functional activities without hesitation and without favoring one extremity over the other, and she can demonstrate confidence with all movements

A basketball player sustained a grade I lateral ankle sprain during the first half of a game. The athlete has iced, and during halftime you tape the athlete. What criteria will you use to determine if the athlete can play in the second half? - The athlete demonstrates full range of motion and equal strength compared bilaterally - The athlete can walk on toes and heels without pain - The athlete can successfully balance on the injured ankle for 30 seconds with eyes closed - The athlete can successfully sprint, hop on the injured ankle, and perform defensive slides - The athlete can make a contribution to the game's outcome despite decreased performance level

The athlete can successfully sprint, hop on the injured ankle, and perform defensive slides

Which of the following statements best describes a mechanical cervical traction protocol aimed at opening the intervertebral space? - The athlete is supine or long-sitting with the neck flexed between 25 degrees and 30 degrees, and a traction force between 5 kg and 10 kg is applied intermittently -The athlete is prone with the neck in a neutral position, and a traction force of 20 kg is applied continuously - The athlete is supine with the neck in a neutral position, and a traction force of 5% of body weight is applied continuously - The athlete is prone with the neck flexed 10 degrees to 20 degrees, and a traction force greater than 20 kg is applied intermittently

The athlete is supine or long-sitting with the neck flexed between 25 degrees and 30 degrees, and a traction force between 5 kg and 10 kg is applied intermittently

Why is it important to document an athlete's deficiencies and functional limitations in a discharge summary? - It is necessary to demonstrate the need for the athlete to return to the physician - It assists the athlete in any future litigation proceedings - Doing so justifies the purchase of new equipment in your clinic - The athlete may need the documentation for insurance reimbursement purposes - The athlete may be forced to discontinue treatment before long-term goals are achieved

The athlete may be forced to discontinue treatment before long-term goals are achieved

A National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) wrestler is being treated for a furuncle. The wound has been excised. He has been taking an antibiotic for 72 hours, and no new lesions have appeared in the past 48 hours. The wound demonstrates mild oozing with drainage. What return to wrestling participation information will you provide to the coach? - The athlete may not return to wrestling practice - The athlete may return to wrestling practice as long as the wound is covered - The athlete may return to wrestling practice without restriction - The athlete may return to wrestling practice after he has been on the antibiotics for at least another day

The athlete may not return to wrestling practice

Which of the following exercises demonstrates the appropriate application of the principles of cryokinetics? - The athlete performs active pain-free dorsiflexion exercises immediately following immersion of the ankle in ice water until it is numb - The athlete performs passive Achilles tendon stretching while immersed in an ice-water bath - The athlete performs resisted inversion and eversion exercises immediately following ice massage - The athlete performs therapist-assisted joint mobilization exercises and then immerses the ankle in ice water to control the pain - The athlete performs active assisted inversion and dorsiflexion exercises through the complete range of motion regardless of pain while immersed in an ice-water bath

The athlete performs active pain-free dorsiflexion exercises immediately following immersion of the ankle in ice water until it is numb

Which of the following would be considered a long-term rehabilitation goal? - Four weeks from today's treatment session, the athlete will have full elbow flexion - The athlete will have full strength in all elbow joint muscles at discharge - At the next treatment session, the athlete's pain will decrease from a 7 to a 6 on the numeric pain scale - In 6 months, the athlete will have a biceps brachii manual muscle testing grade of 4 out of 5 - In 3 months, the athlete will begin functional exercises

The athlete will have full strength in all elbow joint muscles at discharge

When developing sport-specific functional progressions and determining performance guidelines associated with clearance to return to play, which of the following professionals would be a good resource? - A strength and conditioning specialist - The team physician - The athlete's employer - The athlete's coach

The athlete's coach

You are concerned that a 12-year-old figure skater who practices 3 hours each day may be demonstrating negative psychological consequences of maintaining high-intensity training for an extended period. What potential negative aspect of this training should you explain to the parents of this child? - The child will experience body image issues and may develop an eating disorder - The child will become self-centered and introverted - The child may exhibit abnormal sleeping and eating patterns - The child will likely grow up to be unable to handle failure in life - The child may experience a desire to be with her friends all the time

The child may exhibit abnormal sleeping and eating patterns

A patient's treatment notes indicate stretching of the glenohumeral joint internal rotators was conducted using the hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique. What is an accurate explanation of this stretching technique? - The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of external rotation. The patient performs an isometric contraction of the internal rotators followed by relaxation of the internal rotators and contraction of the external rotators to bring the joint to the end of external rotation motion - The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of internal rotation. The patient performs an isometric contraction of the external rotators followed by passive movement of the glenohumeral joint to the end of internal rotation - The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of external rotation. The patient performs an isotonic contraction of the internal rotators followed by relaxation of the internal rotators and passive movement of the glenohumeral joint to the end of external rotation - The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of external rotation by the external rotators contracting isotonically. The patient performs an isometric contraction of the internal rotators followed by relaxation of the internal rotators and active movement of the joint in the direction of external rotation via contraction of the external rotators

The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of external rotation. The patient performs an isometric contraction of the internal rotators followed by relaxation of the internal rotators and contraction of the external rotators to bring the joint to the end of external rotation motion

An athlete at your university who is completing a hamstring injury rehabilitation program informs you he has been taking over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past 2 weeks. What information should you provide this patient? - The major side effects of NSAIDs are gastrointestinal, so he should seek medical attention if he experiences any symptoms of dyspepsia; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain; or gastrointestinal bleeding, which may appear as black, tarry stool - To minimize food-drug interactions, he should take NSAIDs on an empty stomach and avoid taking them with milk or any dairy products - NSAIDs are absorbed in the small intestine, avoiding direct effect on the gastrointestinal lining, so drinking alcohol while taking NSAIDs does not increase gastrointestinal bleeding risk - If he has had a previous hypersensitivity reaction or severe allergic reaction to aspirin or if he has sickle cell anemia, he can safely take NSAIDs at the recommended over-the-counter dose

The major side effects of NSAIDs are gastrointestinal, so he should seek medical attention if he experiences any symptoms of dyspepsia; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain; or gastrointestinal bleeding, which may appear as black, tarry stool

Which of the following statements best describes the difference in the rehabilitation protocol for surgical repair of an acute shoulder dislocation compared with an acute dislocation without surgical repair? - The rehabilitation protocols are basically the same with longer immobilization and protection of healing tissues in the surgically repaired shoulder - The rehabilitation protocol for a shoulder without surgical repair is longer because the tissues are not as closely approximated as they are in a surgical repair - There are no motion restrictions with nonsurgical treatment of an acute dislocation, whereas sling and extended immobilization are required for up to 8 weeks following surgical repair - Active stretching can be initiated at 3 to 4 weeks in a surgically repaired shoulder compared with 6 to 8 weeks in a shoulder without surgical repair

The rehabilitation protocols are basically the same with longer immobilization and protection of healing tissues in the surgically repaired shoulder

A patient being treated for low back pain with significant fascial restrictions is referred to a manual therapist, who specializes in improving body posture and segmental alignment through fascial release and body awareness so that all body functions are optimized. Which therapist specializes in this type of treatment? - Therapist trained in Rolfing - Therapist trained in Graston - Therapist trained in Kaltenborn - Therapist trained in dry needling

Therapist trained in Rolfing

Which of the following statements is true regarding delivery of a drug via intra-articular injection versus the oral route? - The action of the drug is less predictable - The drug is absorbed at more regular intervals over time - The drug moves into the bloodstream more quickly - The drug is metabolized more readily - There is a lower incidence of systemic side effects

There is a lower incidence of systemic side effects

The father of a freshman cross country runner for the high school where you provide athletic training health-care contacts you because he is concerned about his son. A family member has told the father that distance running can result in development of something called "athlete's heart," and he is worried about his son developing this heart condition. How should you explain the term "athlete's heart" to this concerned parent? - This term refers to the normal, reversible, and healthy adaptation of the heart muscle to ongoing exercise training - This term refers to the normal, permanent enlargement of the heart, which occurs as a result of training and only in adolescent athletes who are still growing - This term is not a true medical term, but rather a mythical term used to described the internal drive, focus, and dedication adolescents develop from participation in ongoing exercise training - This term refers to abnormal pathological changes in the cardiac muscle that result from intense, ongoing exercise training of adolescents with a family history of sudden cardiac death

This term refers to the normal, reversible, and healthy adaptation of the heart muscle to ongoing exercise training

Which of the following statements regarding the presentation and treatment of viral meningitis is correct? - Treatment for viral meningitis is symptomatic care, including analgesics, bed rest, increased fluid intake, and medications for nausea and vomiting - Treatment for viral meningitis includes antibiotics and care to address any complications, such as brain swelling, shock, or dehydration - Initially patients with viral meningitis present with headache, high fever, and nausea and vomiting in the absence of cervical rigidity, as seen with bacterial meningitis - Compared with bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis occurs less commonly and is more severe

Treatment for viral meningitis is symptomatic care, including analgesics, bed rest, increased fluid intake, and medications for nausea and vomiting

When using kinesio tape to treat a patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome to provide proprioceptive feedback on patellar positioning, how should the tape be applied? - Two Y-shaped strips with one anchored on the front of the thigh with the Y wrapping around the patella and the other anchored near the tibial tuberosity with the Y wrapping around the patella - Two long strips with one anchored on the front of the thigh wrapping along the medial aspects of the patella and ending on the medial distal tibia and the other starting on the anterior thigh and wrapping along the lateral aspect of the patella and ending on the lateral aspect of the tibia - Three short strips placed medial to lateral just above the patella, across the middle of the patella, and at the inferior pole of the patella - Three long strips all beginning at the tibial tuberosity and ending on the anterior thigh above the patella, one medial to the patella, one directly over the patella, and one lateral to the patella

Two Y-shaped strips with one anchored on the front of the thigh with the Y wrapping around the patella and the other anchored near the tibial tuberosity with the Y wrapping around the patella

When initiating a lower extremity plyometric training program during the rehabilitation of an athlete with patellar tendonitis, which of the following exercises should be completed in the first week of the program? - Two-legged one-box side jump - Two-legged side-to-side line jumping - Single-leg plyometric leg press - Lateral step-overs - Side-to-side bounding

Two-legged side-to-side line jumping

When conducting a physical examination of a patient's ear using a standard otoscope, what will you observe if the patient has otitis media? - Scaling or crusting of the epithelial cells of the canal - Tympanic membrane will appear erythematous, bulging, and perhaps more opaque than normal - Absence of cerumen in the ear canal - External auditory canal will be edematous and erythematous

Tympanic membrane will appear erythematous, bulging, and perhaps more opaque than normal

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus, formerly called non-insulin-dependent dibetes-mellitus? - Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for roughly 10% of the total number of cases of diabetes mellitus - Onset usually occurs in people younger than 20 years old - Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the body's inability to use insulin effectively because of a combination of resistance to insulin and an overall decrease in insulin production - Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by an autoimmune-medicated destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the body's inability to use insulin effectively because of a combination of resistance to insulin and an overall decrease in insulin production

During a spring football conditioning session, a player with sickle cell trait experiences an exertional sickling episode and requires assistance, including supplemental oxygen. What is the recommended supplemental oxygen treatment for this player's condition? - Use a face mask to deliver oxygen at a rate of 15 L/min - Use a nasal cannula to deliver oxygen at a rate of 15 L/min - Use a face mask to deliver oxygen at a rate of 25 L/min - Use a nasal cannula to deliver oxygen at a rate of 25 L/min

Use a face mask to deliver oxygen at a rate of 15 L/min

A high school basketball player with a history of bilateral ankle sprains has just completed a 3-week-long treatment and rehabilitation program for a lateral ankle sprain of the right ankle joint. One of your outcome measures for this patient is active and passive ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion. How should this outcome measure be used? - Use a goniometer to measure the active dorsiflexion range of motion of the right ankle and compare it with the passive dorsiflexion range of motion of the same ankle joint - Use a goniometer to measure the active and passive dorsiflexion range of motion of the right ankle and compare them with the same measurements of the left ankle - Use a goniometer to measure the active and passive range of motion of the right ankle and compare these values with measurements obtained before the patient's first treatment and rehabilitation session - Use a goniometer to measure the active and passive range of motion of the right ankle and compare these values with normative range of motion values

Use a goniometer to measure the active and passive range of motion of the right ankle and compare these values with normative range of motion values

A collegiate ice hockey player asks you to examine an itchy rash he has recently developed on his torso. On examination you note erythematous, scaly areas of varying sizes with clear center areas and well-defined margins. What should be included in the treatment plan to address the underlying cause of this dermatological condition? - Use of a topical antihistamine - Use of a topical antibiotic ointment - Use of a topical pediculicide shampoo - Use of a topical antifungal agent

Use of a topical antifungal agent

You have administered an electrotherapy treatment aimed at decreasing shoulder pain in your 20-year-old patient. What pain assessment tool can provide the most unbiased assessment of the extent to which the treatment you have provided decreased your patient's shoulder pain? - Numeric rating scale - McGill Pain Questionnaire - Visual analog scale - Verbal descriptor scale

Visual analog scale

An athletic trainer is using healing imagery to assist a patient who is progressing more slowly than anticipated through the repair phase of the healing process. For this imagery technique, which of the following images should the athletic trainer teach the athlete to envision? - Visualize the injured ankle successfully responding in a game situation - Visualize the mast cells releasing histamine to begin to wall off the injured area - Visualize a happy place to relax and not think about the injury - Visualize repair cells laying down scar tissue to make the injured area stronger and more stable - Visualize performing rehabilitation exercises without pain and with full strength

Visualize repair cells laying down scar tissue to make the injured area stronger and more stable

Which of the following assessment tools can best assist in determining if the therapeutic interventions in your treatment plan have been effective in decreasing your patient's ankle joint effusion? - Handheld dynamometer - Volumetric measurement - Lower extremity functional scale - Goniometer

Volumetric measurement

A collegiate football player presents with a subungual hematoma he sustained 16 hours ago during practice when his finger was smashed between two helmets. On examination he reports pain of 8 out of 10 with a constant throbbing sensation, and there are no signs of a distal phalanx fracture. To alleviate his pain you plan to drain the nail bed using an 18-guage needle as a handheld drill. Which of the following is a component of this procedure? - Apply a local anesthetic to the nail, nail bed, and tissues surrounding the nail - Position the 18-guage needle tip at the very distal end of the nail - While holding the hub of the needle between your thumb and index finger, roll the needle back and forth quickly until blood begins to emerge from the hole - Once drilling produces blood from the hole, press the needle into the nail bed to allow for additional blood drainage

While holding the hub of the needle between your thumb and index finger, roll the needle back and forth quickly until blood begins to emerge from the hole

A swimmer recently underwent an ulnar nerve transposition procedure. The physician's rehabilitation protocol calls for isometric shoulder exercises after the first week. How would you instruct your patient in what you want her to do? - While in your sling, place your uninvolved hand on your arm halfway between your shoulder and your elbow on the front, back, inside, and outside. Without moving your shoulder or elbow, press against your resisting hand and hold for 10 seconds. Repeat five times in each direction - Take your sling off and stand close to a wall. Face the wall and push your arm against it for 10 seconds. Keep turning your body 90 degrees until you have pushed in each direction. Repeat each direction five times - Take the small foam ball and squeeze it and think about tightening up all the muscles in your arm and then gently move your shoulder forward, backward, and out to the side approximately 6 inches, then return to the start position. Repeat 10 times in each position - While in your sling, place your uninvolved arm against the outside of your involved wrist. Rotate your shoulder out approximately 6 inches while resisting the motion. Move your resisting hand to the inside of your wrist and resist as you move back to the stating position. Repeat five times

While in your sling, place your uninvolved hand on your arm halfway between your shoulder and your elbow on the front, back, inside, and outside. Without moving your shoulder or elbow, press against your resisting hand and hold for 10 seconds. Repeat five times in each direction

An athlete ruptures the extensor tendon dorsal to the middle phalanx of the index finger of his right hand. How should this best be splinted? - With the proximal interphalangeal joint in flexion and the distal interphalangeal joint in extension without restricting movement of the metacarpophalangeal joint - With the distal interphalangeal joint in extension without restricting movement of the adjacent joint - With the proximal interphalangeal joint in extension without restricting movement of the adjacent joint - With the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints in extension without restricting movement of the metacarpophalangeal joint - With the metacarpophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint, and distal interphalangeal joint in full extension

With the proximal interphalangeal joint in extension without restricting movement of the adjacent joint

An athletic trainer working in the industrial setting directs a program in which an employee returning to work following an injury participates in a treatment program for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week. The program focuses on simulating job requirements, educating about techniques necessary to work safely, and evaluating and modifying the employee's work space before return in an effort to minimize reinjury. Which of the following best characterizes this type of program? - Work conditioning - Functional rehabilitation - Work hardening - Ergonomic assessment

Work hardening

You are directing shoulder rehabilitation for a competitive collegiate female tennis player, who confides in you that she is struggling with feelings of loss of control when it comes to her tennis life. This information is consistent with the athlete's decreased rehabilitation program compliance and more negative attitude. What action should you take to best address this athlete's feelings of loss of control and support her in her psychological recovery while she physically recovers? - Establish a professional working relationship with this athlete - Work with this patient in setting short-term and long-term treatment goals - Create a support system for this athlete with members who can provide words of encouragement and get her involved in activities that will distract her from thoughts of tennis - Change the components of her rehabilitation program, making them more interesting, fun, and challenging yet achieveable

Work with this patient in setting short-term and long-term treatment goals

You are providing directions for use of ice and compression for an acute ankle injury to an athlete and his parents until you can follow-up with the athlete the next day. Which of the following guidelines would best meet your treatment goals of decreasing tissue temperature and providing compression to minimize edema accumulation? - Place an ice bag on the ankle, wrap it on with the elastic wrap provided, and elevate above the heart - Place a dry washcloth on the ankle, place an ice bag on top of the cloth, and wrap it on with the elastic wrap - Wrap the ankle with the elastic wrap, put the ice bag on top of the wrap, and elevate above the heart - Wrap the ankle with a wet elastic wrap, put the ice bag on the top of the wrap, and elevate above the heart

Wrap the ankle with a wet elastic wrap, put the ice bag on the top of the wrap, and elevate above the heart

A patient you have been working with on a long-term postsurgical rehabilitation protocol asks why you measure his range of motion, strength, and pain scale at almost every visit. How might you respond to the patient? - You are interested in the patient's perception of how the rehabilitation process is progressing - You like to see if the treatment you are providing is meeting its desired results - You have to document all the work you are doing so you can get paid - You want to make sure that someone else can replicate your treatment if you have been absent

You like to see if the treatment you are providing is meeting its desired results

To introduce a lower extremity plyometric program into your patient's rehabilitation program, what should you consider regarding your patient's physical condition? - Your patient should have adequate flexibility, strength, and proprioception - Your patient should have full range of motion of all involved joints and equal strength bilaterally - Your patient should have a quadriceps-to-hamstring ratio within 10% of normative values for age, gender, and level of sport competition - Your patient should score at or above age and gender normative values for both the standing long jump and the vertical reach test

Your patient should have adequate flexibility, strength, and proprioception