Doric and Ionic Order

3 main orders

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

Volutes

In the Iconic Order, the spiral scroll motif decorating the capital

Parts of each temple terms BELOW-----

^^^^^^^ALWAYS DESCRIBE FROM TOP TO BOTTOM< FROM GENERAL TO SPECIFIC!)

Stylobate

a continuous base supporting a row of columns in classical Greek architecture.

Architrave

a main beam resting across the tops of columns, specifically the lower third entablature.

Column

contains the capital(abacus + echinus or volute), and the shaft, AND BASES IN IONIC ORDERS!!!

Shaft

the body of a column, composed of FLUTES(grooves/carved out), and FILLETS(raised area/ridge in between flutes). The shaft is THICKER and more SQUAT in Doric Order columns, while they are MORE SLENDER in IONIC order columns

Abacus

the square top of the column, thinner in ionic orders that doric orders

Pediment

the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns. Can have low-relief sculpture.

Entablature

(architecture) the structure consisting of the part of a classical temple above the columns between a capital and the roof CONTAINS THE CORNICE, FRIEZE, AND ARCHITRAVE!

Doric Order

(n.) The oldest(developed and used first chronologically) and simplest of the three main orders of classical Greek architecture, characterized by heavy,thicker, and squat fluted columns with plain, donut-shaped capitals and no base(rests directly on the stylobate) Frieze is composed of trygliphs(3 bars) and metopes inbetween

Ionic Order

(the second order to develop chronologically) characterized by volutes(spiral, scroll-like form, to represent intellectual aspects of societies), capitals, THINNER columns with bases(not sitting directly on the stylobate), uninterrupted frieze(low relief sculpture or just plain and smooth), base While Doric orders were more "masculine", Ionic orders were more "feminine"

Cornice

the ledge at the bottom of the triangle on the top of the temple

Capital

the top of the column that rests on the shaft and in turn is rested on by the top of the temple. THE HEAD OF THE COLUMN(key role in identifying and distinguishing orders in a piece of architecture) In the DORIC ORDER,the capitals are either SQUARE SHAPED OR SAUCER/DONUT SHAPED. In the IONIC ORDER, the capitals are MORE ELABORATE: VOLUTES(SCROLL/PAPYRUS like, to represent intelligence, like wigs or scrolls of paper). In the CORINTHIAN ORDER, the capitals are the MOST ELABORATE, extremely detailed, and mirror the details of foliage.

Corinthian Order

The third order to develop chronologically Most ornate of the orders- contains a base(so it is not sitting directly on the stylobate), a fluted column (thinner)shaft, and the capital is elaborate and decorated with leaf carvings to represent trees(example of the connection between nature and architecture, columns are trees in a forest, etc.)

Raking cornice

the part of the structure the slopes up on top(form the triangle up on top!) The raking cornice is more elaborate in the ionic order, typically has little grooves, etc.)

Frieze

the part of the temple below the triangular top. The ornamental and horizontal band that contains a variety of elements. A DORIC ORDER has TRYGLYPHS and METOPES repeating. An IONIC ORDER has either a plain/smooth blankness or low relief sculpture that wraps around the temple sides.

Echinus

the saucer shaped part of the capital of the columns on the doric order