Drivers Ed

Stopping Quickly with Conventional Brakes:

Apply the brakes as hard as you can without locking them. You can cause the vehicle to go into a skid if you brake too hard. If the brakes lock-up, you will feel the vehicle start to skid. Quickly let up on the brake pedal. As soon as the vehicle stops skidding, push down on the brake pedal again. Keep doing this until the vehicle has stopped. In case of brake failure, pump the brake pedal quickly.

WA state headlight laws

Headlights are required to be on 1/2 hour after sunset to 1/2 hour before sunrise, and when visibility is less than 1000 feet.

What does HOV stand for

High Occupancy Vehicles

High beams use

High-beams are to be turned off when another vehicle is in front of you or approaching on the opposite side of the road.

14. Which factor doesn't affect the Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)?

How physically fit you are\ Your blood alcohol content (BAC) primarily depends on: how much alcohol you drink; how much time passes between drinks; and your weight. Your BAC does not depend on what kind of alcoholic beverage you drink or how physically fit you are.

TRAFFIC SIGNAL BLACKOUT

If all traffic signal lights are not working because of an electrical power failure, you must stop at the intersection and then proceed when you know other turning and approaching vehicles, bicycles, or pedestrians will also be stopping. A blacked-out traffic signal works the same as a four-way stop intersection.

High-beam indicator

If this light is one, the high beam lights are engaged Switch to low-beam if you are approaching another car on the road

Skidding in the snow

If you begin to skid, let up on the accelerator and turn the front wheels in the direction of the skid.

Lanes on freeway

On freeways, you should leave the extreme left lane for faster traffic or to pass slow moving vehicles. The right lane should be used for traffic that paces more slowly than the normal traffic flow (lower larger vehicles like buses, trucks, RVs, etc.)

Red and white regulatory signs

Tell you about regulations you must follow. (For example, a DO NOT ENTER sign tells you there is danger ahead because vehicles will be coming toward you, usually on a freeway off-ramp or one-way street.)

What is gridlock

Sometimes traffic becomes so heavy that your car comes to a stop. This type of traffic is called gridlock.

three basic elements to space management

Speed control Lane positioning Communication

Tail lights vs brake lights

Taillights are red and are located on the back of your vehicle. Brake lights light up when you hit brakes to signal the drivers behind you to stop.

1. WHEN YOU FOLLOW VEHICLES TOO CLOSELY AND ANOTHER DRIVER SUDDENLY CUTS IN FRONT OF YOU, WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

Take your foot off the gas pedal

TWO SETS OF SOLID DOUBLE YELLOW LINES

Two sets of solid double yellow lines that are two or more feet apart sometimes appear as a road marking. Such lines stand for a solid wall. Don't drive on or over such a road marking. You may not make a left turn or U-turn across it.

What does it mean if there are two solid yellow lines?

Two solid yellow lines mean no passing. NEVER DRIVE TO THE LEFT OF THESE LINES.

Turn signal lever

UP -indicates a right turn DOWN -indicates a left turn

Merging onto freeway

Using the acceleration lane, look for an opening in traffic, signal and accelerate to or near the traffic speed, yield to traffic already on freeway. DO NOT STOP BEFORE MERGING WITH TRAFFIC unless absolutely necessary. A STOP can mean a slow and dangerous start into fast-moving traffic and can affect traffic behind you and cause collisions. STAY WITH THE TRAFFIC FLOW. If you are traveling on the freeway, watch for merging traffic and adjust your speed if necessary.

What is velocitation

Velocitation is a phenomenon caused by driving for long periods at high speeds. You've probably experienced velocitation coming off of the highway; the change in speed makes you think that the car is going much slower than it actually is.

Tailgaters

Watch for tailgaters! If someone is following you too closely, be careful. Tap your brake lightly a few times to warn the tailgater that you are slowing down. This will flash your brake lights as a warning. Brake slowly before stopping.

Broken white line on pavement

You may change lanes if it is safe to do so.

Green Guide signs

provide directional and mileage information to specific destinations. They can be rectangular or have other shapes.

Fasten seat belt light

reminder to fasten your seat belt

When you make a right you go onto the

right lane

Fuel gauge

shows the amount of fuel in your car there should always be at least 25% in the tank the light will come on when the tank is almost empty

What to do at an intersection without STOP or YIELD signs (uncontrolled intersection)?

slow down and prepare to stop. Yield to vehicles already in the intersection or entering it in front of you. Always yield to the car that arrived first. If you and another driver reach the intersection at the same time, yield if the car is on your right.

Middle lane

smoothest driving

Speedometer

speed of your car in miles per hour and kilometers per hour

If your engine catches fire

stop the car as soon and as safely as possible, and exit the roadway. Turn off your engine, and quickly get out and away from your car.

3 positions of Ignitions

1) Off -car in park 2) causes dashboard instruments to activate 3) engine starts

Using eyes effectively

1. AIM HIGH—Look ahead, not down. The experienced driver's attention is focused on the road ahead with his or her central vision following the intended path of travel. 2. KEEP YOUR EYES MOVING—A good driver concentrates on selecting details in the traffic scene. 3. GET THE BIG PICTURE—Search the whole scene; check the rearview mirrors. Source: Using Your Eyes Effectively movie by AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

Whenever you park your car, make sure you do the following:

1. Make sure that you are stopped within a legal and secure parking space. 2. Set the parking brake. 3. Put the car gear in park for automatic transmission. For manual transmission put the car either in first or reverse gear. 4. Turn off any accessories used. 5. Turn off ignition switch and remove key. 6. Check for traffic prior to exiting vehicle. Open door safely and face traffic when getting out of the vehicle. 7. Secure doors and windows. 8. Lock your vehicle and take the keys with you.

Steps to avoiding a collision

1. Stop 2. Turn (or steer away) 3. Speed up

Steps to changing lanes

1. Turn on your signal. 2. Check your mirrors. 3. Check your blind spot by looking over your shoulder. 4. If it is safe, change lanes. 5. Turn off your signal after completing the lane change.

Recommended distance from steering wheel airbag?

10" kids 12 & under need to sit in back

Cloverleaf Interchange

A cloverleaf interchange allows for interchange of two freeways with minimal disruption of speed or movement.

Flashing yellow signal light

A flashing yellow signal light warns you to be careful. Slow down and be especially alert.

Red arrow on a stoplight

A red arrow means STOP until the green signal or green arrow appears. A turn may not be made against a red arrow.

When can a right turn be made at a red light?

A right turn can be made against a red light only after you stop and yield to pedestrians and vehicles in your path. Do not turn if there is a sign posted for NO TURN ON RED.

Round Sign

A round sign tells you of an approaching railroad crossing.

Yellow and black CHEVRON SIGN

A sharp curve in the road in the direction of the arrow.

Drivers should take the following safety measures on city streets:

Always observe and obey traffic rules, signs, and signals. Plan out route ahead of time. Watch for pedestrians. Be alert for traffic signals. Make sure to drive in the correct lane. Watch for brake lights.

PARALLEL PARKING

Always signal first, and then position your vehicle parallel with the vehicle parked (rear bumpers of both vehicles are aligned) Check to make sure the way is clear behind you, and shift into reverse. Look over your shoulder and back slowly as you turn your wheel toward the curb. Back up slowly so that the front of the vehicle is even with the front door of the vehicle beside you. Turn the wheel sharply to the right and back up slowly until your vehicle is at a 45-degree angle from the curb. Turn the wheel sharply in the direction away from the curb and back slowly until your vehicle is parallel to the curb. Put the car into a forward gear and slowly center your vehicle in the space.

Driving in the fog

Among all weather conditions, fog is potentially one of the most dangerous. Follow these tips: Use your wipers and defroster as necessary for best vision. Turn on your low-beam headlights. Do not use high-beams—it can actually decrease your visibility. High-beams will reflect back and cause a glare Slow down

Passing on a two lane road

Avoid passing other vehicles, including motorcycles and bicycles, on two-lane roads; it is dangerous. It is hard to judge the speed of oncoming vehicles one-third of a mile away. They don't seem to be coming as fast as they really are. A vehicle that is far enough away generally appears to be standing still. In fact, if you can really see it moving closer to you, it is probably too close for you to start to pass.

High Beams

By law, your vehicle's headlights must be turned on from a half hour after sunset until a half hour before sunrise. Lights must also be on any time conditions make it difficult to see people or other vehicles.

Rule on entering an intersection when there's traffic

DO NOT ENTER AN INTERSECTION, EVEN WHEN THE LIGHT IS GREEN, UNLESS THERE IS ENOUGH SPACE TO COMPLETELY CROSS BEFORE THE LIGHT TURNS RED. IF HEAVY TRAFFIC CAUSES YOU TO BLOCK TRAFFIC, YOU CAN BE CITED.

If your tires suddenly blow out, do the following:

Do not slam on the brakes. Take your foot off the accelerator and gently apply the brakes. Steer straight ahead to a stop. When you are able to do so safely, pull the vehicle off the road.

Other drivers blind spots

Don't drive in the blind spot of another driver. The other driver may not see your car and could change lanes and hit you. Avoid driving alongside other cars on multi-lane streets. Someone may crowd your lane or change lanes directly into your car. Move ahead of the other car or drop back.

tailgating trucks

Don't follow too closely or tailgate trucks. When you follow behind a truck and you cannot see the truck driver's side view mirrors, the trucker has no way of knowing you are there.

If your brakes suddenly fail, do the following:

Downshift to low range (labeled as 1) in case of automatic transmission and low gear in manual transmission. Pump the brake pedal fast and hard to build up brake fluid pressure. You will know in three to four pumps if the brakes will work. Do not pump antilock brakes. (In case of ABS, the driver has to press down hard on the brake pedal and hold it. In an emergency situation, ABS pumps the brakes for the driver and pumps the brakes at a much faster rate than the driver ever could.) Apply the parking brake, but be ready to release it if the car begins to skid. You can still steer and swerve. Find an escape route—a safe exit from the highway. If you must, steer into bushes or something soft. Sound your horn and flash your lights to warn other drivers. When you no longer need to change direction, turn off the ignition.

Sight distance rule

Drive at a speed where you can always safely stop. To tell if you are driving too fast for conditions, use the Four-Second Sight Distance Rule. Pick out a stationary object as far ahead as you can clearly see (such as a sign or a telephone pole). Start counting: one-one-thousand, two-one-thousand, three-one-thousand, four-one-thousand. If you reach the object before you finish saying four-one-thousand, you need to slow down. You are going too fast for your sight distance.

Edge lines

Edge lines are used to outline and separate the outside edge of the pavement from the shoulder. Right edge lines are marked with a solid white line and left edge lines are marked with a solid yellow line.

If your headlights suddenly go out, do the following:

First, try your dimmer switch. Often that will turn them back on again. Try the headlight switch a few times. If that does not work, use your parking lights, hazard lights, or turn signals. Pull off the road as soon as you can and leave your hazard lights on so that other cars can see you.

Frontage Road Interchanges

Frontage road interchanges allow for interchange of vehicles using parallel secondary two-way or one-way roadways and a major multi-lane roadway. Frontage road turnarounds allow drivers to exit a multi-lane roadway and use the opposing frontage road to enter the multi-lane roadway in the opposite direction.

11. ______________ steering is well suited when speed of the steering movement is critical, such as with skid recovery in a rear wheel traction loss (vehicle over-steer).

Hand-over-hand

Car breaks down on freeway

If you car breaks down on the freeway, don't panic. To avoid suddenly stopping in traffic follow the guidelines given below: Warn others that you are having difficulties by using your brake lights and turn indicators. Pull your vehicle to the shoulder and completely off the pavement if you can do this safely. Do not use the shoulder next to the center divider if at all possible. Make sure that your vehicle is visible in either direction and vehicles have enough space to pass. Use your hazard lights when parked on the shoulder to warn approaching traffic. Call for help and have your vehicle towed off the freeway as soon as possible.

Missing your exit

If you miss the exit ramp, never turn around or back up. Go to the next exit; get back on the freeway in the opposite direction and return to the exit you want.

If your temperature gauge is elevated and rising, and you are stopped in traffic,

If your temperature gauge is elevated and rising, and you are stopped in traffic Never attempt to remove the radiator cap when your car is hot, and do not pour water over a hot radiator or engine. You must wait a sufficient amount of time until your engine cools.

Turning Quickly

In most cases, you can turn the vehicle to avoid a collision quicker than you can stop it. When you don't have enough room to stop, you may have to steer away from what's ahead. It's very important, however, not to oversteer, which may increase risk of skidding or rollovers.

Temperature gauge

Indicates if the engine overheats; pull over when the car has cooled down & coolant

Battery Charge Warning

Indicates problem with the battery or charging system

Things to ask yourself when passing

Is it legal? Is it safe? Is it worth it?

CROSSING A SOLID DOUBLE YELLOW LINE TO TURN LEFT

It's OK to cross a double yellow line to turn left. YOU CANNOT cross a double yellow line to pass another vehicle.

The four steps of the IPDE process are?

I—Identify—Locate potential hazards within the driving scene. P—Predict—Judge where the possible points of conflict may occur. D—Decide—Determine what action to take, when, and where to take it. E—Execute—Act by maneuvering the car to avoid conflicts.

larger trucks

Large trucks take longer to stop than a car traveling at the same speed. Don't pull in front of a large truck and suddenly slow down or stop. The trucker will not be able to stop quickly enough to avoid colliding into you.

Left turn lanes

Left turn lanes are found in the middle of some two-way streets. The lane is marked on both sides by two painted lines—inner line broken, outer line solid. Use this lane only for making left turns.

Parking in the following areas is prohibited:

On highways (unless indicated otherwise) In an intersection On pedestrian crosswalks or sidewalks In front of driveways In a fire lane or close to a fire hydrant In an underpass or bridge At a blue curb or for a spot reserved for disabled Beside another parked vehicle (double parking)

Driving by parked cars

Parked cars block your view of pedestrian traffic and children playing. It is hard to see people getting out of cars so be alert when driving near parked cars. You should drive slowly and keep a lookout for doors opening or people getting out of cars. You will be at fault if you hit a parked car or a person getting out of one.

Parking lights

Parking lights are located at the front and back of your vehicles; they are white or amber in the front and red on the back. All of them must be visible for 500 ft. It is never legal to drive with your parking lights on; they are only to be used during parking.

Stopping Quickly with ABS

Press on the brake pedal as hard as you can and keep pressing on it firmly. You might feel the brake pedal pushing back when the ABS is working. DO NOT let up on the brake pedal. The ABS system will only work with the brake pedal pushed down firmly. NEVER PUMP ANTILOCK BRAKES.

Curves

Reduce speed before entering the curve, and slowly lighten the pressure on the brake until reaching the apex point (where the car is closest to the inside of the curve line). At the apex or exit point, apply light acceleration to pull the car out of the curve.

Solid white line

Requires you to stay within the lane and also marks the shoulder of the roadway.

If your accelerator gets stuck down, do the following:

Shift to neutral. Apply the brakes. Keep your eyes on the road and look for a way out. Warn other drivers by blinking and flashing your hazard lights. Try to drive the car safely off the road. Turn off the ignition when you no longer need to change direction

Right Turn against a Red Light

Signal and stop for a red traffic light If there is no sign that prohibits a right turn on the red light, you may turn right

Driving in the rain

Slow down Turn on your low-beam headlights

If you are driving and the hood of your car flies open, do the following:

Slow down. Try to look underneath the hood at the road ahead. If that is not possible put your head out the window and look around the hood. Use the painted center line or lane markings as a guide. As soon as possible, pull off the road, put your hazard lights on, and then deal with the hood problem.

Cover braking

The cover braking technique involves taking your right foot off the accelerator and holding it over the brake pedal. If you have to stop quickly, your foot is already above the brake pedal and is in the perfect position to press the brake. This method will improve your reaction time. So, whenever you identify a hazard, cover the brake to prepare for sudden stops or slowing.

Diamond Interchange

The diamond interchange allows for interchange of a major roadway with a secondary dual or multi-lane roadway. The diamond interchange may have traffic control devices on the intersecting secondary roadway that allows for left and right turns onto the secondary roadway.

important objective

The main objective is to maintain the greatest possible space around your vehicle.

Trumpet Interchange

The trumpet interchange allows for interchange of secondary two-way streets to a multi-lane roadway with minimal traffic mix. It takes the place of a T-intersection which is often used when a roadway ends at the intersection of another roadway.

Professor Frederik R. Mottola's Space Area Zone Control:

There are seven basic areas of operating space around the vehicle. The diagram on next slide shows the six zones, areas, or spaces surrounding the car which are visible to the driver

What are rumble strips?

These strips are raised or grooved patterns chiefly found alongside major highways on the inside edge of paved shoulders. When your tires pass over one of these strips, it produces a sudden rumbling and vibration in the car to alert drowsy or distracted drivers that they are drifting off the road.

what is highway hypnosis

This condition results in driving in a dulled, drowsy, trance-like state. You should always be aware of your surroundings.

Parking Brake Light

This light will come on when the emergency brake is engaged; should be off when you are driving

Guidelines for car seats

To protect children, follow this four-step guideline: 1. Install rear-facing seats for infants aged 0 to 1 year old or up to 20 pounds in weight. 2. Install forwarding facing seats for toddlers aged 1 year to 5 years old or up to 50 pounds. 3. Install booster chairs for children up to 8 years old or up to 80 pounds in weight. 4. Provide seat belts (both lap and shoulder) for all other passengers.

Fluids

Transmission Fluid: replaced every 25k-30k miles Brake fluid: at least once a year Oil: check once a month

"Riding the brake"

When covering the brake, be careful not to rest your foot on the brake pedal (also known as riding the brake). Riding the brake is not recommended; it will only confuse other drivers and add unnecessary wear to the brakes.

Parking uphill or downhill with no curb

When headed uphill (or downhill) with no curb, always turn your front wheels to the right so that if your vehicle moves, it will roll off the highway, not into traffic.

Parking Uphill

When headed uphill at a curb, turn the front wheels away from the curb and let your vehicle roll backwards slowly until the rear part of the front wheel rests against the curb using it as a block.

U turn

When making a U-turn, start the turn from the far left lane on your side. Give a left turn signal. Then, stop and check for oncoming traffic, bicycles, and pedestrians that may be entering the intersection. Complete the U-turn in the right lane traveling in the opposite direction.

Cruise control indicator

When this light is one, cruise control is engaged be sure to only use this on long uninterrupted stretches of highway

Parking downhill

When you stop your car headed downhill, turn your front wheels toward the curb. Let your vehicle roll slowly until the front tire rests against the curb using it as a block.

What does yield mean?

Yield means let other road users go first. A yield sign assigns the right-of-way to traffic in certain intersections. If you see a yield sign ahead, be prepared to let other drivers crossing your road take the right-of-way.

Lane with a green arrow over it

You can drive in that lane

Lane with a red X over it

You must never drive in a lane under a red X. If your lane has red X on it then it means that the lane is closed in your direction and you must leave the lane to make way for oncoming traffic.

Backup Lights

Your car is also equipped with two white or amber colored lights in the rear of your vehicle which indicate when your car is backing up. These lights are called Backup lights.

Hazard lights

Your hazard lights warn other drivers of an emergency situation you may be encountering. All four turn signal lights come on when you activate your hazard lights.

Passing is illegal and unsafe in the following conditions:

Your line-of-sight is restricted or limited by a curve, hill, or weather conditions, e.g., fog, rain, snow. When space is narrowed, and your front zones are closed. Cross-traffic is present, even if there are no warning signs. When there is a solid yellow line on your side of the roadway. A school bus is loading or unloading children Attempting to pass a long line of vehicles. A vehicle ahead has indicated an intention to turn or stop. Traffic is too close. If you are unable to complete the pass before reaching the no-passing zone lane marking. The vehicle ahead is at or near the speed limit.

passing big trucks

always pass on left side &then move ahead of it

U-turns are not allowed:

anytime a traffic sign (e.g., a No U-Turn sign) prohibits them; on curves, hills, and freeways; in weather conditions where you are not able to see clearly, such as in rain, fog.

Horizontal rectangular signs

are usually guide signs showing direction or special information.

Turn signal arrow

blinks when you activate the corresponding turn signal both will blink when you have hazards on

centripetal force

center-seeking force. It is directed toward the center of the curvature. Centripetal force is necessary for an object to move with circular motion.

Stop sign

come to a complete stop, look around, then proceed when it's safe to do so

Air bag warning

could be a problem with the airbags

ABS warning

problem with the antilock braking system should still be able to brake but should have it checked asap

Carpool

diamond symbol

Odometer

displays how miles the vehicle has traveled since it was built trip odometer can be reset to zero manually so you can calculate trip mileage

truck no zone

don't drive in these zones, the driver cannot see you

Right Lane

drive slowly, enter, or turn off the road

What are interchanges?

freeway exits and entrances

Left Lane

go faster, pass, or turn left

Green light

green light means GO, but you must first let any vehicles, bicycles, or pedestrians remaining in the intersection get through before you move ahead.

four-way stop

if two vehicles reach the intersection simultaneously, the vehicle on the left must yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the right. So, in the given graphic, B should yield to A.

Blue service signs

indicate nearby services including hospitals, call boxes, telephones, places to eat, and rest areas.

Tachometer

indicates how fast the engine is moving in revolutions per minute; if it reaches the red zone the engine is moving too fast and may become damaged

Door open light

indicates that a door, hood, or trunk is open

Check engine light

indicates there is a problem with the engine. Have it looked at as soon as possible

Intersecting interchanges

interchanges which are intersection of two roads, where one road is for exiting and the other road is for entering the freeway. Cars *exiting* have the right-of-way unless there is a safety threat.

5. Alcohol first impairs your _________.

judgment

When you make a left you go onto the

left lane Some states prohibit entering the right lane when making the left turn.

Stability and traction control

light comes on when there is a problem with the car;s stability/traction you can still drive however it is less safe until it is checked out

Wiper fluid warning

light comes on when your windshield wiper fluid is low

Route signs

mark federal interstates, state highways, and county or municipal roadways. The interstate system uses a shield symbol that is blue on the bottom and has a red band across the top.

What do yellow lines on the road signify?

mark the center of a two-way road used for two-way traffic.

Flashing red signal light

means exactly the same as a STOP sign: stop! After stopping, proceed when safe and observe the right-of-way rules.

Red Triangular Yield Sign

means slow down, be ready to stop, and let traffic (including people walking or riding bikes) pass before you go ahead. Go only when it is safe.

Oil pressure warning

oil pressure is dangerously low. Have oil replaced as soon as you can

Function of the accelerator

pedal controls the amount of gas being fed into the engine and thereby controls the speed of the vehicle

What are turn outs

places on a two way highway where you can pull into to let other cars pass

If you are involved in a collision

stop your car at or near the crash scene. If you can, move your car off the road so you do not block traffic. Protect yourself and others from oncoming traffic. Failure to stop at the scene of a collision in which you are involved can result in your arrest warrant. You could be convicted of hit and run. You must report the collision to your insurance company, the Department of Motor Vehicles, and local police authorities. Exchange information with other people involved in the accident as soon as possible. Get information (e.g., names, addresses, telephone number, drivers license, registration and insurance information) from the other driver(s) involved in the crash. Get the names and addresses of witnesses to the accident. If you hit an unattended vehicle, you must make a reasonable effort to find the owner of the vehicle or property damaged in the crash. If you cannot locate anyone, leave a note with your name and contact information that can be found easily at the scene of the crash. You must also report the crash to police.

Hydroplaning

take your foot off the accelerator and let the vehicle slow down. Do not try to stop until your tires are gripping the road again.

Vertical rectangular signs

tell you about important rules you must obey. These are regulatory signs.

A pentagon-shaped sign

tells you there is a school nearby, slow down

Centrifugal force

the force that pulls out from the center on a body in circular motion. Centrifugal force is the opposite of centripetal force. Centrifugal force increases with acceleration.

When vehicles meet on a steep, narrow road which is not wide enough for two vehicles...

the vehicle going downhill must yield the right-of-way by backing up to a wider place or by stopping to leave sufficient space for the vehicle going uphill, except where it is more practical for the vehicle going uphill to return to a wider space or turnout.

If the temperature gauge moves up to just below the red zone

turn off your air conditioner and turn on your vehicle's heater to its highest and hottest setting to help draw some of the heat away from the engine immediately seek out a service station with a mechanic or pull over safely and contact a road service organization that assists drivers.

When reversing...

turn the wheel the direction you want the rear of the car to go

hand-over-hand method

use when turning

Diamond-shaped yellow signs with black letters or symbols

warn drivers of existing or possible hazards on the road.

vehicle's engine may get overheated...

when driving on a steep incline for an extended time. You should avoid overheating the engine by not using the air conditioner and driving more slowly

When can you pass on a two-way road

when the yellow centerline is broken & if movement can be made safely.

slow moving vehicles

will usually have a sign like this

Lane with a yellow X over it

yellow X means that your lane signal is about to change to red. Prepare to leave the lane safely.

What does it mean if a solid and a broken yellow line are together?

you must not pass if you are driving next to the solid line