Driver's Ed Ch 6 Review
Trail brake
("Squeeze Off") Trail braking involves gently braking and then gradually reducing your brake pressure for maximum steering control as you ease around the apex of a corner during a turn.
Controlled Brake
("Squeeze On"). Controlled braking is a firm braking that provides enough pressure to slow your vehicle without losing balance, allowing you to maintain effective traction in both your front and back wheels.
Lock Brake
A lock brake involves holding down the brake with your foot to the maximum point, causing the wheels to lock up
Parking Brake
AKA "emergency brake" is a pedal or lever that mechanically activates the rear tires by a connection to either a lever or cable. This system can be used in the event the hydraulic brakes malfunction. More commonly this brake is used as a secure parking brake, particularly when on an incline.
3 in 5 drivers
How many drivers will be involved in at least one vehicular accident in their lifetime?
Wet road: Reduce speed by 5 to 10 mph. Packed snow: Cut speed in half. Ice: Slow to a crawl.
If the road is slippery, it won't provide the grip your tires need. You must drive more slowly than you would on a dry road. Here are some guidelines to help you adjust speed:
Move past it and park completely off the road with your own hazard lights on. Immediately find out if anyone is injured. Look along the path of the wrecked vehicle in case an injured party is lying hidden from view. Call 911 or keep your eyes and ears open for the next vehicle or person to arrive on the scene. The accident victim may have internal injuries not evident just by looking at him or her. It is best to comfort the victim until trained professionals arrive. Leave the injured person where you found him or her, unless doing so is dangerous (i.e., the accident occurred over water or an explosion or fire is imminent). Moving the person can result in further injury if he or she has broken bones, so try to avoid doing so. Leave a motorcyclist's helmet on the person's head for the same reason.
If you are the first person to come to the scene of an accident, what should you do?
Leave a note with your name and contact address, as well as your driver's license number and vehicle registration information.
If you caused property damage and you're unable to locate the owner, you should?
Ease off the gas pedal, stop braking, and turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. If you can't control your vehicle on a slippery surface, try to find something to stop you. Try to get a wheel onto dry pavement or the shoulder of the road. You may have to slowly edge into a snowbank or some bushes to stop.
If you get into a skid on the road:
try not to make eye contact with them or anger them further in any way. Put as much distance between you and an angry driver as you can
If you see someone driving aggressively, what should you do?
It's best to accelerate, as braking can cause a worse crash.
If you're about to be hit from the side, what should you do?
Lift-off Braking.
In vehicles without antilock brakes, you must carefully lift your foot off your brake pedal to steer around an obstruction, in order to avoid the wheels locking up.
$1000
Law enforcement officers are required to forward a written crash report to DMV when a traffic crash results in injury or the death of any person or total property damage in excess of how much money?
Dual hydraulic brake system, or the brakes controlled by your brake pedal. Mechanical brake system, or your parking brake/emergency brake.
Modern braking systems (like the one in your vehicle) include two different types of brakes, as follows:
Near Frontal Collision
One vehicle strikes another vehicle or an object indirectly or at an angle rather than head-on. If you're about to collide with another vehicle and you can't avoid it, try to hit the other vehicle at an angle rather than straight on, since the force of the impact will be lessened.
3 times
People who become violent are most often males under 30 years old. In one study, the risk of being a victim peaked at age 18-34 years; the risk was ____ times greater for males.
Rubbernecking. Slowing down to look at accidents or virtually anything else out of the ordinary is one of the worst congestion offenders and perhaps the most frustrating of behaviors. Unnecessary lane changes. Although doing so produces virtually no improvement in arrival time, many motorists insist on weaving in and out of freeway lanes, which slows down all traffic. Inattention. Commuters are sometimes seen eating, grooming in the rear-view mirror, talking on a cellular telephone, and even reading the newspaper as they drive to work. Tailgating. Following too closely is common on Virginia freeways, accounting for numerable accidents that clog major freeways, often for hours
Several driving behaviors that contribute to congestion include the following:
Cover Brake
The cover brake method provides a steady transition from acceleration to braking. Like trail braking, this method allows you to maintain speed and vehicle balance before you initiate braking.
Less control
The faster the speed, the _____ control you have of your vehicle
Four times as great
The force of impact for a 60 mph crash isn't just twice as great as at 30 mph, it's ____ times as great.
Front to Rear Collision
The front end of one vehicle collides with the back of another vehicle while both vehicles are traveling in the same direction.
Head On/Front to Front Collision
The front end of one vehicle collides with the front end of another vehicle, while the two vehicles are traveling in opposite directions. This is the most severe type of collision because the speeds of the two vehicles are multiplied.
Broadside/T-Bone Collision
The front or rear of one vehicle collides with the side of another. Injuries to the occupants of broadsided or t-boned vehicles are usually much more severe than injuries to occupants of vehicles struck in the front or rear.
Driving at unsafe speeds. Driving on the wrong side of the road. Turning improperly. Violating right-of-way rules. Violating Stop signs and signals
The most common cause of accidents are:
Rear to Rear Collision
The rear of one vehicle makes contact with the rear of another. This can happen when two vehicles are backing up.
Rear to Side Collision
The rear of one vehicle makes contact with the side of another. This can happen when a vehicle backs up into the side of another vehicle.
disk brakes or drum brakes, and while the end result is the same (i.e., your car stops), HOW they get that result is quite different.
The two major types of brakes on cars?
Rollover
The vehicle flips upside down. Injuries in this situation can be very severe, especially if the occupants aren't wearing seat belts.
On cold, wet days, shade from trees or buildings can hide spots of ice. These areas freeze first and dry out last. Bridges and overpasses tend to freeze before the rest of the road. They can hide spots of ice. If it starts to rain on a hot day, the pavement can be very slippery for the first few minutes. Heat causes oil in the asphalt to come to the surface. The oil makes the road slippery until it is washed off.
These roads usually have warning signs. Here are some clues to help you spot slippery roads.
Threshold Brake Method.
This method involves braking to the maximum possible point, just before the wheels lock up, in a straight line.
"Jab" or "Stab" Brake Method.
This technique involves pumping the brakes in one-half second intervals. The jabbing motion reduces the risk of the wheels locking up and allows the brakes, drums, and rotors to cool off, giving the braking system a chance to function as effectively as possible in the most critical or sensitive situations.
Drive more slowly and maintain greater distance from the vehicle ahead. Slow down as you approach curves and intersections. Avoid quick stops. Pump the brakes to slow or stop. (Antilock brakes should not be pumped.) Shift to low gear before going down a steep hill. Avoid very slippery areas, such as ice patches, wet leaves, oil spills, or deep puddles. If the brakes get wet, dry them by lightly pressing the gas pedal and brake pedal at the same time so that the vehicle drives against the pressure of the brakes. Do this only until the brakes begin working
To help avoid a skid on slippery surfaces, do the following:
Sideswipe collision
Vehicles traveling parallel (either in the same or the opposite direction) make contact without damaging the front or rear. If the vehicles are traveling in the same direction, the damage is usually minimal.
Express. Learn how to make your needs clear and get them met without hurting others. Suppress. Anger can be pushed deep inside you, and then emerge at a later point. This happens when you hold in anger, stop thinking about it, and focus on something positive. If you do this on purpose, you're making the effort to use your emotion in a good way. However, if anger isn't expressed, it can cause high blood pressure or depression. Calm. This means not only controlling your behavior, but also controlling how you think and feel. This can have the positive effect of lowering your heart rate, and giving you a feeling of calmness and peace.
What are the three main approaches for dealing with anger while driving?
Show other drivers or others involved your driver's license, registration card, and evidence of financial responsibility, as well as your current address. If your financial responsibility is in the form of insurance, provide the company name, address, and the policy number. If any damage or injury resulted from the accident, let the other driver (as well as the peace officer) know and make a note of the damage. If no peace officer is on the scene, be sure to file a complete report with the local police department, if an injury or fatality took place.
What information should you exchange with the other person involved in a crash?
Drivers under age 18 are prohibited from using cell phones or wireless communications devices while driving.
What is law about talking on the phone and driving?
No driver may use e-mail or text messaging while driving, except for operators of emergency vehicles
What is the law about texting and driving?
Accidents frequently occur when one driver is going faster or slower than other vehicles on the road.
When do accidents frequently occur?
45 percent
While side-impact air bags (SABs) aren't required in vehicles, they've become more common. That's because driver-side impacts are considered the most dangerous collisions. According to the Insurance Institute of Highway Safety, SABs that include head protection can decrease deaths by _____ percent.
Indicator Light
activated when one of the dual hydraulic brake systems becomes impaired. On some vehicles, this light may be activated when the system is low on brake fluid. Whenever this signal is activated, you should consult a mechanic as soon as possible.
dual master cylinder
allows the brake pedal to apply pressure on the two pistons that pressurize the brake fluid. This fluid transmits the brake pressure to each tire, activating the disk or drum brake and causing the car to slow down or stop. This feature consists of one or two reservoirs that supply extra fluid if necessary. However, the cylinders are designed to function autonomously in the event that one malfunctions. That means if even one breaks down suddenly, the other will still keep working.
Drum Brakes
are brake shoes that push outward on a rotating drum. They retain heat because they're enclosed. They're not quite as efficient as disk brakes, but they're still very common. You'll find them on a lot of different types of vehicles.
Brake Lines
are double-walled steel tubes that contain brake fluid. They control the hydraulic pressure.
Disk Brakes
are generally regarded as the more efficient of the two brake types because they can cool down faster, using a pinching motion on a metal disk and diverting 70 percent of braking to the front tires. You'll generally find disk brakes on the front tires, but they're available on any of the four tires.
The antilock braking system (also known as "ABS")
electronically monitors the speed of your wheels at any given time and adjusts the hydraulic pressure of your brakes accordingly. This maximizes your braking power and prevents the wheels from locking and skidding.
Power Brakes
is an engine-activated booster unit that reduces the effort required to activate the hydraulic brakes. That means less work for you - hooray! During an engine failure, this feature enables you to apply the brake one or more times after the engine has stopped.
Kinetic Energy
is the force behind your vehicle when you try to stop it. If you're traveling 60 mph downhill, the kinetic energy is going to be a lot more powerful than if you're traveling 20 mph uphill. That means greater braking distance is required to avoid rear-ending someone.
Speed Limit
maximum legal speed you can travel on a road under ideal conditions.
Side Impact Collisions
vehicles in general are less equipped to handle these type of collisions
