Drivers Ed Unit 6- CIESC

left

______ side two point turns are the safest way to change direction

gravity; energy; motion

________ and _________ of __________ are natural laws that will affect the way your vehicle performs

point

a spot where your vehicle stops and subsequently initiates a turn

vehicle's speed; sharpness of the curve; bank of the curve; car load

affect the control you have in a curve (4)

turnabout manuever

allows the driver a method of turning the car around using the roadway side roads, alleys, or driveways

uphill driving

car slows down; shorter braking distance

downhill driving

car speeds up; longer braking distance

failure to approach and align to space correctly; failure to search for, communicate with, or yield to other traffic; speed when turning or backing; failure to shift to reverse; failure to straighten wheels and align in middle of space

common errors for backing into a perpendicular parking (5)

failure to signal; the vehicle is too close to parking space on the side; failure to see traffic in the rear; speed too fast; failure to target to the center of space

common errors for entering angle parking (5)

failure to check rear; speed; failure to look back while backing; start turning before bumper is cleared

common errors for exiting angle parking (4)

failure to search for, communicate with, or yield to other traffic, bicyclists, and pedestrians when entering or exiting the roadway; excessive speed on approach; failure to set parking brake when securing the vehicle

common errors for parking on hills (3)

failure to approach and align to space correctly; failure to search for, communicate with, or yield to other traffic; speed too fast; failure to straighten wheels and align in middle of space

common errors for pulling into perpendicular parking (4)

failure to check front, rear, or sides for a stable gap; insufficient space or time to move into the new lane;failure to signal; steering too quickly, too much, or not smooth and gradual into the lane; unnecessary slowing; failure to cancel signal; exceeding speed limit; crossing multiple; lanes at one time; drifting while checking blind spot

common errors when changing lanes (9)

not looking ahead for a clear path; failure to signal; accelerating too soon; tailgating vehicle to be passed; speed too slow while passing; steering too quickly or too much into the passing lane; returning to lane too soon; failure to cancel signal; exceeding speed limit passing unnecessarily; passing in a no passing zone

common errors when passing (11)

approaching too close or too fast; failure to shift to reverse; failure to look back while moving back; begin turning too early; failure to check the front of the car for clearance

common parallel parking errors (5)

weather conditions; oil; leaves; loose sand or gravel

conditions that reduce road traction (4)

car load

curves: affects how it handles

sharpness of a curve

curves: sharper the curve, more traction is needed; use low speeds for sharp curves

speed

curves: to reduce skidding, reduce speed before entering a curve

banked curve

curves:a curve on higher on outside than it is on the inside; reduces car's tendency to move outside

driver perception distance

distance car travels during perception time

total stopping distance

distance the car travels from point until you see hazard to the time the car stops

braking distance

distance the car travels from the time applying brakes until car stops; increases as speed increases

four second rule

easiest way to calculate the total stopping distance

kinetic energy

energy an object has as it moves; energy of motion; increases as speed increases; keeps car going in a straight line

car hits object and stops; occupant hitting restraint device or the inside of the car; occupant internal organs hitting inside of body

three types of collisions when a car hits an object

underinflated

too little air; only the outer edge of tire on road

overinflated

too much air; only center of tire on road

car condition (tired, shocks, steering system); road surfaces (straight, dry, flat wet, icy, sand, gravel)

two factors that reduce traction

put on your left turn signal; pull forward into the entrance of the driveway or side street; activate your right turn signal (as this is the direction you'll be backing); reverse int the lane of the new direction you'll be traveling

two point turn to the left side

three point turns

typically used to reverse direction on narrow, two lane roads. they are tricky due to the narrowness of the road and the fact that your car completely blocks all traffic flow during part of the procedure

split traction

when you have greater traction on one side than the other; used to slow and make turns

passive restraint

works automatically

increase

you should ___________ your traveling distance when going downhill

check the rear view mirror and signal; stop two or three feet beside the front vehicle and line up rear bumpers; shift to reverse; assume the backing position and trail brake at a walking pace; look back while creeping back and turn wheel fully toward the curb; when the vehicle is 45 degrees to the curb, and front wheels align with the back wheels of the other car, straighten the tires and slowly back up in a straight line; check the front of the car to make sure it clears; when the left rear bumper is even with the rear vehicle left front bumper, turn wheels sharply left and continue to inch back; when parallel to the curb, straighten wheels and center your vehicle in the space; check the owners manual is the vehicle is equipped with self-backing technology

entering a parallel parking space (10)

reverse and inch back until you can see the front cars rear tires; check the blind spot for bicyclists, pedestrians, and traffic; signal and yield to there traffic; search the intended path of travel and enter the nearest travel lane when clear; cancel signal and check rearview mirror

exiting a parallel parking space (5)

speed; vehicle condition; road surfaces; driver reaction; hills; load

factors that affect braking distance (6)

harder

faster the speed the __________ the impact

friction

force that keeps each tire from slipping and sliding on the road; makes it possible for tires to grip the road so you can change speed and direction; allows you to speed up, slow down, or turn

gravity

force that pulls all things to earth; most important force in driving

force of impact

force with which a moving object hits another

traction

friction created by the tire on the road; gripping power; if speed is too high, you may not have enough traction to make a curve

signal to the right and drive into a side street or driveway and stop (point 1); put on your left turn signal (since left is the direction you will be backing); reverse into the lane of the new direction you'll be traveling (this requires reversing across a lane of traffic). be cautious that the road is clear for 15-20 seconds

front first two point turn

choose a legal space and signal; check your rearview mirror and blind spots; apply the brake and approach parallel to and 12 inches from the curb; make a smooth stop; turn the wheels in the proper direction; if facing up hill with curb, turn wheels left, toward the roadway; if facing down hill with curb, turn wheels right, away from the roadway; if there is no curb, turn wheels right, away from the roadway; secure your vehicle by shifting to park and setting your parking brake

good habits/proper procedures for parking on hills (9)

tread

grooved surface of a tire that grips the road; more tread= better traction; allows water to flow away from the tire

reaction distance

haw far the car travels during reaction time

restraint devices

hold occupant in place during a crash

speed; 4

if ______ doubles, then it takes ___ times the distance to stop the energy of motion = square of the increase in speed (numbers)

city

in the ______, the safest way to go back to a missed turn is to go around the block

reaction time

length of time it takes to execute your reaction distance (% sec)

perception time

length of time to identify, predict, decide to slow will vary with visibility, hazard, and abilities of driver perception distance

ative restraints

occupant must do

in front of driveways; within 10 feet of fire hydrants; in or near intersections; close to crosswalks or stop signs

parking is always prohibited in what situations (4)

impossible

performing a 180 degree turn within the width of one lane is ______________

center of gravity

point where objects weight is evenly distributed; vehicle's stability decreases as its center of gravity rises

signal to the right; slow the vehicle and approach the space 3 feet away from the parking space; stop when the drivers body appears to be aligned in the center of the parking space; signal to the left and check for traffic and pedestrians; creep and turn the wheel fast to the left and move to a 45 degree angle to the space; stop. shift to reverse; look over right shoulder to check alignment into space; creep and turn the wheel sharp toward the center of the space; once in the space, straighten the wheels and center the vehicle in the space; stop even with the curb or parking line

proper procedures for backing into a perpendicular parking (10)

check mirrors to the front, rear, side, and blind spot for a stable gap; signal and use the proper lane position; check your blindspot again; maintain your speed or increase speed if necessary- never slow unnecessarily; move to the new lane purposefully and gradually at a slight angle; adjust speed to surrounding traffic; cancel turn signal; check rearview mirror; create separation or open space to the front, rear, and sides of your vehicle

proper procedures for changing lanes (9)

use turn signal; slow or stop the vehicle at least 6-8 feet from the parking space; check your blindspot on the side of the parking space for traffic and pedestrians; begin turning when you can seethe center of the parking space without your line of sight cutting across the parking line; creep (move very slowly) and turn the wheel sharply toward the center of the space; once you enter the space, straighten your wheels and center the vehicle in the space; stop even with the curb or parking line; secure your vehicle

proper procedures for entering angle parking (8)

check to the rear for a clear path; with your foot on the brake, shift to reverse; do a 360 degree search and yield to all traffic and pedestrians; assume the backing position and trail brake (do not accelerate using the gas pedal) at a walking pace; check the front of your car for clearance; begin turning when your front bumper is even with the rear bumper of the parked car to your left of the dash of your car appears to clear the car to the side; continue to look to the rear while backing into the nearest lane; stop smoothly and shift to drive

proper procedures for exiting angle parking (8)

ask yourself if passing at the time is necessary, legal, and safe; search your intended path of travel far ahead to determine any obstacles;signal in the direction of the pass; increase speed to at least 10 mph faster than the car you are passing, but stay within the legal speed limit; move slowly into the passing lane; change signal to the opposite direction; check blind spot; return to the lane when you can see the headlights of the vehicle you passed in your rearview mirror; cancel signal and resume safe legal speed; check rearview mirror

proper procedures for passing (10)

signal and get 6-8 feet from the parked cars or as far to the left of the lane as possible; check traffic behind you; align side mirror to first parking space line; creep and turn the wheel sharp the right of the space; check your right rear fender for clearance; straighten the wheel when you are centered in the space; if necessary, shift to reverse and creep back slightly turning the wheel to the left; use a forward reference point to avoid hitting a curb

proper procedures pulling into perpendicular parking (7)

inflation

range of tire pressure

put on your right turn signal and come to a complete stop before the side street or driveway you wish to turn into. if you stop after the side street, cars behind you may block your entrance to the driveway; pull ahead of the entrance and stop (point 1); put the car in reverse and back into the entrance; activate your left turn signal; enter traffic when it is safe to do so; this is a much easier method than the front first method. driving forward across a lane of traffic is much easier and requires a smaller gap in traffic

rear first two point turn

it is safer to drive out of a space; requires less time and space; better view when leaving the space; avoids backing out into traffic; others are more likely to let you out

reasons why backing into a space is better (5)

two point turns

safer way to change direction than a three point turn

front/rear crush areas; energy absorbing bumpers; side door beams; reinforced windshields; padded dash; head restraints energy absorbing steering wheel and column

safety energy absorbing features (7)

child seats

special seats for infants and young kids; required by law in all states for children up to a certain age

make sure that approaching vehicles are more than 200 feet away; activate your left turn signal and begin braking; check your rear view mirror to make sure that no one is tailgating you. tapping your brakes will indicate to other drivers that you're going to slow down. your turn signal should also make this clear. however, since the driver behind you doesn't know your making a u turn (which requires a slower approach than a left turn), they may follow too closely. that's why it' s important to slow down early; position your car in the right side of your lane ( be careful not to drift into the lane next to you); turn your wheel to the left as far as it will go. brake through the beginning of the turn. as you start to exit the turn, lightly accelerate; if your turn signal doesn't turn off automatically, turn it off

steps for a successful u turn

activate your turn signal; tap your brakes to further alert drivers that you intend to stop; pull over as close to the curb as you can (approx. 6-10 inches) and stop; activate your left turn signal; check traffic in all directions to make sure that it is clear for at least 15-20 seconds in both directions. if there are drivers behind you, you can motion to them to go around you; turn the wheel as far to the left as possible and begin moving forward. your goal is to end up perpendicular to the curb on the other side of the street. you should be about 6-10 inches from the curb; activate your right turn signal (as this is the direction you'll be backing); recheck traffic flow to make sure it is still clear to reverse; turn your wheel as far to the right as possible; shift into reverse and begin backing; stop wishing 6-12 inches of the other curb; recheck traffic again to make sure it is clear; put your car into drive and continue in your new direction

steps in performing a three point turn

smaller

the ___________ the vehicle the better the capabilities (accelerating, braking, turning)

heavier

the ___________ the vehicle the harder the impact

blind spot

the area that is not visible to the driver without turning his/her head and looking

weight; 2

the energy of motion doubles when _________ doubles. you need ___ times the distance to stop energy of motion; will change in proportion to the square of its change in speed (numbers)

more

the faster your vehicle moves, the ______ energy of motion it has

speed; weight; distance

three factors of force of impact

under-turn: most new drivers do not turn the wheel far enough when performing a three point turn. basically, they'll come to a stop. and begin to move forward as they turn the wheel. the narrowness of the street will then make it impossible for them to complete the turn

three point turn common mistake

perceive hazard; react to hazard; brake

three steps of stopping