Driving Handbook

Driver licence condition codes

A Adequate Lenses B Special Conditions C Periodic Medical* D Periodic Vision Report* E Periodic Driver Examination* F Valid Temporary Licence H Daylight Driving Only J Outside Mirrors K Automatic Transmission L Hand Controls M Under Alberta Transportation Review* N Excludes Class 2 and 4 P Testing to be conducted by Provincial Examiner only* T Special Medical* Driver licence endorsements: Q Air Brakes S School Bus V Extended Length Vehicle Combinations U Completed Driver Education Course* * = do not appear on the driver's licence

Condition codes

A condition code may be added to a person's driver's licence to ensure that person meets the requirements to operate a motor vehicle. For example, all drivers must meet specific vision requirements to operate a vehicle. If you require glasses or contact lenses to improve your vision to these specific standards, you will have a Condition code placed on your driver's licence indicating this requirement. Also, a person can be required to have a medical examination by a doctor or a nurse practitioner periodically to be allowed to drive, and this will be indicated on the driver's licence. In more extreme situations, a change in a person's situation can make it impossible for him or her to safely operate a vehicle. These situations are not common, but do mean that the person is not able to be licensed to operate a vehicle.

Non-Alberta license for tourists and visitors

A person visiting Alberta who is authorized to drive a motor vehicle of a particular class or type under a valid licence or permit issued outside Alberta is not required to hold a current and valid driver's licence if the person drives the same type or class of motor vehicle while visiting in Alberta.

Students

A student is not required to obtain an Alberta driver's licence when operating a motor vehicle if the following apply: • The student is authorized to operate a motor vehicle of the same type or class by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the student ordinarily resides. • The documents required by the laws of the jurisdiction where the student ordinarily resides are carried by the student or are in the vehicle. • The student must carry proof showing that he or she is a full time student in this province.

Two-way left turn lanes

A two-way left turn lane allows vehicles from each direction to turn left using the same lane. Vehicles from both directions share this centre lane to turn left. It is permissible to cross the solid yellow line to enter the shared turn lane. Only enter the turning lane close to where you will be turning. Watch for oncoming vehicles in your lane.

Automatic transmission

A vehicle with an automatic transmission allows the driver to select a gear that enables the transmission to change gears on its own as the speed changes. Automatic transmissions have a lock release button or control built into the gear selector to reduce the possibility of shifting incorrectly The lock release provides the following safety features: • It must be used to move the gear selector from Park to Reverse or any forward gear while the brake pedal is pressed. • It must be used to shift the vehicle from Drive to a lower gear (first or second). • It must be used to shift into Park from any gear.

Yield signs

A yield sign means that you must allow other vehicles that do not face a yield sign the right-of-way to proceed. When approaching a yield sign, reduce speed as you near the intersection and be prepared to stop. You may be required to stop and yield the right-of-way to traffic or pedestrians. Wait for a safe gap in the traffic before proceeding. If there are no pedestrians or traffic that you are required to yield to, you may proceed through the intersection without coming to a complete stop.

Sign shapes and colours

Action or activity within the circle is not permitted (Red circle and slash on white background) Action or activity within circle is permitted (green circle on white background) Regulatory message such as speed limit (White background, Rectangle shape) Indicates school zone/area (Pentagon shape, Fluorescent yellow green background) Indicates lane control (Square shape, White message on black background) Provides construction area information (Diamond shape, Information or picture on orange background) Provides information such as distance to destination (Rectangle shape, White message on green background) Indicates place for fuel, food, lodging, or assistance (Square shape, White message on blue background) Indicates transportation services such as air port, ferry, etc (Square shape, Information or pictures on green background) Indicates caution or warning of hazard displayed on sign (Diamond shape, Information or pictures on yellow background)

Adjust your seat and seat back

Adjust seat and seat back support so that you are at least 25cm (10 inches) away from the steering wheel. Be sure you can see over the steering wheel. Your elbows should be slightly bent. Place left hand at 9 o'clock position and right hand at 3 o'clock position. Your position must allow you to operate the brake pedal and accelerator. Be sure you can reach all the controls and can relax your arms when you hold the steering wheel.

Designated lane signs

All are white arrows on black backgrounds. Right turn: Left turn: Straight or right turn: Straight or left turn: Straight only: Left turn lane control: Single lane roundabout: Dual right turn: Dual left turn: Left lane turn left, right lane straight or turn left: Left lane turn left, right lane straight: Left lane turn left, centre lane straight, right lane straight or turn right: Roundabout dual lane:

Exiting circular intersections:

Always wait to activate your right turn signal after passing the exit that is before your intended exit. This tells other drivers that you intend to leave the circle at the next exit. When you intend to exit at the first available exit: • Approach the circle using the right lane. • Use your right signal as you approach. Leave it on until you have exited the circle. • Yield to traffic in the circle. • Exit the circle using the right lane. When you intend to leave at any other exit: • Approach the circle using the left lane. • Activate your left signal to communicate that you do not plan to use the first exit. • Yield to traffic in the circle. • Exit the circle using the left lane. Remember, when you exit using the left lane: • Use your right signal when you pass the exit that is one before the exit you will use. • Check for traffic in the right lane that may be continuing around the circle. • Exit the circle using the left lane.

Endorsement codes

An endorsement code on a driver's licence shows that the person has had specific education or training, like completing a novice driver education course or a course specific to operating a school bus. An endorsement may also indicate that the person is permitted to drive a vehicle that has a specific feature, like a vehicle with air brakes. Each condition or endorsement has a letter code attached to it and may be shown on the driver's licence. Conditions and endorsements specific to you are placed on the front of the licence, in the Cond/End section. Some of the condition codes and endorsements have an explanation on the back of the driver's licence.

Symbols

Arrows: indicate the vehicle movements permitted in a lane. Diamonds: indicate that a lane is reserved for specific vehicles. Bicycle lanes: painted in the curb lane of the road with bicycle-shaped stencils and street signage. Vehicles are not allowed to drive in the bicycle lanes, except when needing to turn or enter/exit a parking spot. X markings: indicate an approach to a railway crossing Painted island: indicate that this area is not to be used for travel by any road users.

Intersections

Directions given by a peace officer or police officer must be followed over traffic signs or signals. Where a stop line has been marked, bring your vehicle to a complete stop before the stop line. Before moving forward, give pedestrians and traffic the right-of-way If there is no stop line or marked crosswalk at the intersection, you must stop within three metres (10 feet) of the intersecting roadway. Three- and four-way stop intersections, where stop signs are located at all corners, are sometimes referred to as "courtesy corners". Vehicles approaching from each direction are required to stop. All drivers must use courtesy and caution. Courtesy is to allow the vehicle that arrived first to proceed first. If two vehicles arrive at the same time, courtesy allows the vehicle on the right to proceed first. A driver turning left across the path of an approaching vehicle cannot turn left until it is safe.

One-lane traffic circle / roundabout

Drivers entering a one-lane circular intersection must yield to drivers already in the circle. Once in the circle, drivers must activate the right signal when preparing to exit. Always wait to activate your right turn signal after passing the exit that is before your intended exit. This tells other drivers that you intend to leave the circle at the next exit. When you intend to exit at the first available exit: Use your right signal as you approach. Leave it on until you have exited the circle. When you intend to exit at any other exit: Activate your right signal when approaching the exit you wish to use.

Two-lane traffic circle / roundabout

Drivers entering the circle from the right lane must do so when it is safe and stay in the right lane while in the circle. They must exit using the right lane. Drivers using the left lane to enter the circle must do so when it is safe and stay in the left lane while in the circle/ roundabout. They must exit using the left lane. Drivers planning to travel past the first exit should use the left lane to enter and exit. While in the circle, the drivers on the right must yield to the drivers on the left. Activate the right signal when preparing to exit. Use caution when exiting and crossing through the right (outside) lane. Do not change lanes in the circle.

Flashing green light

Drivers facing a flashing green traffic control light are permitted to go through, turn left or turn right without stopping. Opposing traffic will be facing a red light; however a driver must still yield to pedestrians or other vehicles lawfully in the intersection.

Flashing red light

Drivers facing a flashing red traffic control light must stop before the stop line or crosswalk. If there is no stop line or crosswalk, drivers must stop before the intersection. Drivers should proceed only when it is safe and after yielding the right-of way. The flashing red light is treated like a stop sign. When the lights in all directions are flashing red the intersection becomes a four-way stop.

Flashing yellow light

Drivers facing a flashing yellow traffic control light may proceed with caution after yielding to pedestrians and other vehicles within the intersection.

Solid green light

Drivers facing a solid green traffic control light are permitted to travel through the intersection without stopping, unless required to yield to oncoming traffic when turning left or to pedestrians in the crosswalk when turning right or left.

Green arrow with red light

Drivers facing a traffic control light with a green arrow and a red control light may enter the intersection and proceed without stopping only in the direction indicated by the arrow.

Green arrow with green light

Drivers facing a traffic control light with a green arrow and solid green traffic control light may enter the intersection and proceed without yielding in the direction indicated by the arrow. Drivers facing the green light may also proceed in the other directions when it is safe and legal.

Solid red light

Drivers facing a traffic control signal displaying a solid red light must bring their vehicles to a complete stop before the stop line or crosswalk. If there is no stop line or crosswalk, drivers must stop before the intersection. A solid double red light has the same meaning. Turning right at a red light is permitted provided that there is no sign prohibiting the turn. Before making the turn the vehicle must come to a complete stop before the stop line or crosswalk. Complete the turn when it is safe to do so while yielding to any other traffic. Unless a sign prohibits the turn, the only left turn permitted at a red light is onto a one-way street from a one-way street. This turn is only permitted after the vehicle is brought to a complete stop before the stop line or crosswalk, and if the turn can be made safely after yielding to other traffic.

Curving skids

Due to kinetic energy, your vehicle will want to go straight ahead on a curve even though you are turning the wheels. If your tires lose traction with the road as you enter or travel around a curve to the left, your vehicle may skid to the right side of the road. If this happens, stay off the accelerator and brake. If your tires lose traction with the road as you enter a curve to the right, your vehicle may skid into oncoming traffic. If you skid in a curve, stay off the brake and the accelerator. Continue to look in the direction you want to go, and make small steering adjustments to come out of the skid.

New Alberta residents

From other places in Canada People who have recently moved to Alberta may use their valid driver's licence from outside of Alberta for the first 90 days of their residency. They must apply for an Alberta driver's licence and give their old licence to an Alberta registry agent office within those 90 days. It is illegal to hold more than one driver's licence. Depending on the class of licence, driver's licence equivalency restrictions may apply to individuals exchanging a driver's licence from another jurisdiction within Canada. Applicants for class 1, 2 or 4 licences must provide a medical report and pass a vision screening.

Information and guide signs

Information and guide signs provide information about routes, off-road facilities, and geographical features and points of interest. Route markers: Route markers indicate numbers, names, or other designations of roads. Green or white squares or rectangles. Highway information: Destination signs provide direction and distance to a destination. Green narrow rectangles. Off-road services and facilities: Signs for off-road facilities indicate availability and direction to the services or recreational areas. Green or blue squares. Slow moving vehicle: A slow-moving vehicle sign is placed on the back of vehicles that travel less than 40 km/h, such as farm tractors, machinery, or construction equipment. This sign warns drivers to be prepared to reduce their speed. Orange triangle with three red stripes on each side. Oversized loads: This sign indicates a wide load is being transported. Use caution when passing vehicles displaying this sign.

Lane reversal signals

Lane reversal signals are used to control the direction of traffic on specific lanes of a roadway. A common use of this control is reversible lanes that change the flow of traffic during different times of the day. The signal(s) over one or more lanes change between a red X and a green arrow. Solid red X: When a red X is displayed over a driving lane, the driver does not enter or remain in that lane. This signal indicates that the lane is being used by oncoming traffic. Move safely into a lane with a green arrow. Downward pointing green arrow: A driver facing the downward pointing green arrow is permitted to travel in that lane.

From the United States

Licence holders from the United States, other than those in the class 5, 6 and 7, must complete all requirements. When you apply, you may be required to provide documents to prove residency. For details, inquire at your local registry agent office.

Merging

Merging is done when two roadways join into one and the traffic on the main roadway must cooperate to allow enough space for vehicles to enter from the merging lane. Neither the merging vehicle nor the vehicles already on the highway have the right-of-way. Merging is a shared responsibility between the vehicles joining the roadway and the vehicles already on the roadway. Avoid reducing your speed abruptly or stopping when merging. Merging lanes are designed to allow your vehicle to reach the posted speed limit of the road you are merging onto. The drivers behind you are expecting you to continue moving ahead. If you slow or stop your vehicle may be hit from behind.

Lane selection and position in your lane

Most major roadways and highways are divided into lanes, with lines on the road surface to indicate where your vehicle should travel and the rules of lane driving that you should follow. Choose the lane that best meets your needs for safety and getting to your destination. Plan ahead. Do not leave lane changes to the last minute.

Registration and insurance

Motor vehicles and trailers travelling on Alberta roadways must be registered. Registration certificates cannot be issued to anyone under the age of 18 years, unless the application for registration is also signed by a parent or guardian. A parent or guardian has the right to withdraw consent in writing during this time. If consent is withdrawn, the licence plate and vehicle registration will be suspended. The signature of your parent or guardian is not required if you can prove you are married or self-supporting. • In Alberta, licence plates remain with the owner of the vehicle and are not transferable to another person. • A vehicle owner must register his or her vehicle within three months of moving to Alberta.

Weave zones

On some roadway interchanges, there are places where the highway entrance and exit use the same lane. The entrance and exit can be close together. These areas require caution and cooperation because vehicles share the same lane to slow to exit the highway while other vehicles are using it to increase speed to enter the highway. The area that these vehicles share is called a weave zone.

Passing

Passing on a multi-lane highway: slower traffic should use the travel lane furthest to the right (unless needing the left lane to turn left). This leaves the left lane available for other drivers to use for passing. Passing lanes: a lane added to a highway to allow passing. Slower vehicles move into the passing lane to the right, permitting other vehicles to pass safely in the left lane. Signs will alert drivers to a passing lane ahead. When approaching the end of the passing lane, drivers in the right lane must merge safely with traffic to the left. Drivers in the left lane must cooperate to let drivers from the right lane merge. Signs are posted to alert drivers that the passing lane is ending.

Pedestrian signals and signs

Pedestrians facing a traffic control signal where a word or symbol indicating "WALK" is displayed, may enter the crosswalk or roadway when it is safe, and proceed in that direction. A pedestrian facing a traffic signal where a word or symbol indicates "DON'T WALK" must not enter the crosswalk or roadway Yellow lights on a sign with a symbol indicate that caution is required because of school zones or areas, playground zones or areas, school crossings, and pedestrian crossings. When the yellow lights are flashing, the driver must reduce speed to a maximum of 30 km/h and yield or stop for pedestrians. At intersections with traffic control signals but without pedestrian signals, pedestrians must obey the rules for the colour of light they are facing.

Stopping time and distance

Perception time: Perception time is how long it takes to recognize a situation and understand that you need to stop. This can take about three-quarters of a second. Perception distance is how far a vehicle travels during this time. Reaction time: Reaction time is how long it takes to respond to a situation by moving your foot from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal. The average reaction time is three-quarters of a second. Braking time: Braking time is how long it takes a vehicle to stop after the brakes are applied.

Permissive signs

Permission signs are a green circle on a white square. The action within the green circle is permitted. Turn left only: Turn right only: Straight only: Dangerous goods: Motorized snow vehicles: Trucks: Bicycles: Passing permitted:

Perpendicular parking

Perpendicular parking spaces are at a 90 degree angle to the curb. As you approach a parking space, keep about two metres (six feet) between your vehicle and the rear of the vehicle parked to your right. Travel very slowly. When your front bumper is even with the left side of the vehicle parked to the right of your intended space, look through the vacant space. While driving very slowly, turn your wheels quickly all the way to the right. Check the left front corner and the right side of your vehicle as you enter the parking space to be sure you do not contact any parked vehicles. Look through the vacant space, and drive in slowly. Be sure your vehicle is centred and completely in the stall. It is easier to enter a 90-degree angle parking stall on the left than one on the right because you have more room to achieve the proper angle. Be sure to check for oncoming traffic before you cross the oncoming traffic lane. Look through the center of your stall as you turn and enter it.

Steering

Place left hand at 9 o'clock position and right hand at 3 o'clock position. When turning a corner, steer using the hand-over-hand method. When returning the wheel from a turning position, use the hand-over-hand method.

Playground zones and areas

Playground zone: When you approach a playground sign with a maximum speed sign attached to it, you are entering a playground zone. You must not exceed the posted speed, when the zone is in effect. Playground restrictions are in effect every day from 8:30 a.m. to one hour after sunset. These hours may vary for different towns and cities according to municipal bylaws. If a municipality does establish times different from these, the times will be posted beneath the playground sign. You are not permitted to pass or attempt to pass another vehicle travelling in the same direction within a playground zone when the speed restriction is in effect. The speed limit for both urban and rural playground zones, when the times are in effect, is 30 km/h unless otherwise posted. Playground zone ends: A playground zone ends where a traffic sign indicates: 1. a higher maximum speed, or 2. the end of the playground zone. Playground area: When you approach a playground sign without a speed limit sign attached to it, you are entering a playground area. This sign is to alert drivers that children may be near and you must use caution when driving through the playground area.

Right turns

Prepare for a turn well in advance. If you are not in the proper turning lane, check your rear view and outside mirrors and do a shoulder check. Signal and change lanes when it is safe. You should be in your proper turning lane at least 15 metres (50 feet) before the intersection. Remember to yield the right-of-way to pedestrians and vehicles on the cross street. Before turning, assess the street you are turning onto and determine if there is enough room to enter the curb lane. Check over your right shoulder for cyclists and pedestrians approaching the intersection. When making a right turn from a two-way road onto another two-way road, stay centred in the turning lane, not more than one metre (three feet) away from the curb or road's edge. Maintain this distance as you approach the intersection, while turning, and as you leave it. If a parked vehicle or obstruction is far enough away, complete the turn in the lane behind the vehicle or obstruction. Then change lanes to the left when safe.

Left turns

Prepare well in advance. You should be in your proper turning lane at least 15 metres (50 feet) before the intersection. When turning from a two-way road onto another two-way road with a single left turn lane, drive in the lane to the right of the yellow line. Remain behind the crosswalk if there is only room for one vehicle ahead of your lane in the intersection. If it is legal to do so, enter the intersection when the vehicle ahead of you clears the intersection. If you must stop in the intersection prior to completing a left turn, stay to the right of the yellow line and keep your front wheels pointed straight ahead. Doing so prevents the vehicle from being pushed into oncoming traffic if you are hit from behind. Check the crosswalk of the road you are turning onto for pedestrians and cyclists. Look well along your intended path. When it is safe, turn the vehicle left at the intersection. Complete the turn by driving to the right side of the yellow line of the road you have entered.

Traffic direction signs

Proceed in direction of arrow only: White arrow with words "ONE WAY" on black background. Two way traffic: 2 black arrows pointing in opposite directions separated by broken black lines on white rectangular background. Divider ahead - keep right: Black car with black arrow curving to right of car on white rectangle background.

When leaving an angle parking space

Reverse carefully and slowly. Be sure there is nothing behind your vehicle. Reversing can be hazardous because it is difficult to see traffic as you move out of the space. Yield the right-of-way as you back out and look carefully behind your vehicle. Move slowly and be prepared to stop if necessary. If the vehicle on your right is longer than your vehicle, stop when the rear of your vehicle is even with the rear of the longer vehicle. Check for traffic and pedestrians. Continue reversing straight until you can see past the parked vehicle. When your front bumper clears the rear of the vehicle to your left, turn the steering wheel sharply to the right. Continue reversing into the first lane behind the parked vehicle. Stop when your vehicle is parallel with the curb. Drive ahead in your present lane. Watch for other vehicles moving out of angle parking stalls in front of you.

School zones and areas

School zone: When you approach a school sign with a maximum speed posted with it, you are entering a school zone. You must not exceed the posted speed when the zone is in effect. The times that the school zone is in effect are on school days only and are as follows: • 8:00 a.m. - 9:30 a.m. • 11:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m. • 3:00 p.m. - 4:30 p.m. These hours may vary for different towns and cities according to municipal bylaws. If a municipality does establish times different from these, the times will be posted beneath the school sign. You are not permitted to pass or attempt to pass another vehicle travelling in the same direction within a school zone, when the zone is in effect. The speed limit for both urban and rural school zones is 30 km/h unless otherwise posted. School zone ends: A school zone ends where a traffic sign indicates: 1. a higher maximum speed, or 2. the end of the school zone. School area: When you approach a school sign without a speed sign attached to it, you are entering a school area. This sign is to alert drivers that children may be walking or crossing the road and you must use caution when driving through the school area. School crosswalk: This sign alerts drivers to watch for pedestrians.

Pavement markings

Solid lines: passing is not permitted Broken lines: passing is permitted Yellow lines: vehicles on each side of the line must travel in opposite directions. A yellow line should always be on driver's left side. White lines: vehicles on each side of the line are travelling in the same direction. A solid yellow line and a broken yellow line together indicate that a pass is permitted for the driver who has the broken line on their side of the roadway. Passing is not permitted for the driver with the solid line on their side of the roadway.

Uncontrolled intersections

Some intersections have no traffic signs and no traffic signal lights. At these intersections, you must yield the right-of-way to a vehicle on your right.

Turning lanes

Some lanes are designated as turning lanes. As you approach an intersection, always check the signs and pavement markings. Make sure you are in the correct lane to turn or go straight ahead.

Speed limit signs

Speed limits do not indicate the maximum speed drivers should travel. They are the maximum speed permitted when conditions are ideal. Any speed that is unsafe for the current conditions is illegal. Unless otherwise posted: • 100 km/h is the maximum speed limit on a provincial highway located outside an urban area. • 80 km/h is the maximum speed limit on a provincial highway located inside a corporate limit of a city. • 80 km/h is the maximum speed limit on a roadway that is located outside an urban area. • 50 km/h is the maximum speed limit on a roadway that is located within an urban area, unless otherwise posted.

Traffic regulatory signs

Stop: Come to a complete stop and do not proceed until safe. Yield: Yield the right-of-way to traffic not facing the sign and to all pedestrians waiting to cross and within the crosswalk or intersection. Wrong way: Indicates traffic is moving in an oncoming direction. Do not enter: Red circle with a horizontal white line on a white background. Railway crossing: Red and white X

Reversing

The front of the vehicle will move in the opposite direction from the direction the rear of the vehicle is moving. All reversing must be done at a crawl or slow walking speed. Before reversing, look behind the vehicle and only drive in reverse when your path is clear of traffic, pedestrians, and obstacles. Before reversing out of a driveway, walk around the vehicle and check for possible dangers behind the vehicle. It is illegal to move your vehicle in reverse into an intersection or a crosswalk. To reverse in a straight line, do the following: • Place your left hand at the top of the steering wheel and shift slightly onto your right hip. For support, place your right hand on the back of the passenger seat. • Look over your right shoulder through the rear window. Reverse slowly while covering the brake pedal. • Glance to the front to be sure that the front of the vehicle does not contact anything. • To correct your steering, turn the steering wheel no more than a quarter turn in the same direction that you want the rear of your vehicle to go. When reversing to the left or right, do the following: • Use both hands on the steering wheel at about 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock if you need to turn more than one-half turn. • To reverse to the left, look over your left shoulder with frequent glances to the front. • To reverse to the right, look over your right shoulder with frequent glances to the front. • Turn the steering wheel in the direction you want the rear of the vehicle to go.

Curb lane

The lane next to the curb where vehicles park is best referred to as a curb lane, not a parking lane. Curb lanes are not just for parking. They are used to turn off a road and onto a road.

Emergency stopping lane

The portion of a primary highway that lies between the edge of the roadway and the first lane of travel, sometimes referred to as the shoulder, is for drivers who need to stop due to an urgent situation or because they have problems with their vehicle. Do not drive in the emergency stopping lane of a highway. Do not pass or assist another vehicle to pass you by using this lane.

Angle parking

The spaces may be on an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the traffic lane. • Turn on your right turn signal and reduce your speed. • Drive parallel to the curb and remain about one and a half metres (five feet) away from the rear of the parked vehicle. • When you can see along the left side of the vehicle parked to the right of the vacant parking space, steer sharply to the right. Look through the centre of the stall while moving your vehicle slowly ahead. Your vehicle should be centred in the space. • At about the mid-point of the parking space, straighten your wheels and continue to move forward slowly. Check the left front bumper and the right rear bumper of your vehicle, making sure they are not too close to the parked vehicles on either side. • Keep moving slowly forward until the front wheel makes light contact with the curb or is within 50 centimetres (20 inches) of the curb.

Construction zones

The speed limit in construction zones must be obeyed at all times. This applies even when people and equipment are not working, since hazards such as bumps, fresh oil, and loose gravel may be present. If workers are present, the fines in these areas will be doubled. • Obey the flag person's signal. • Be prepared to slow down and stop if required.

Prohibitive signs

The symbol prohibiting an action is a red circle and diagonal red bar on a white square. The action within the red circle is not permitted. No left turn: No right turn: No U-turn: Do not pass: Do not pass bicycles: No pedestrians: No motorized snow vehicles: No trucks: No bicycles: No dangerous goods: Parking and stopping not permitted: The arrow under the symbol indicates where the action indicated on the sign is not permitted. No parking on the days and times shown: No stopping on the days and times shown:

Parking services for persons with disabilities

This sign indicates parking for persons with disabilities. These parking spaces ensure that persons with disabilities have safe access to goods and services. It is illegal for any vehicle to park or stop in a parking stall reserved for persons with disabilities unless the vehicle has an identifying parking placard or licence plate.

TTY capabilities

This sign indicates pay phones that have a TTY (teletypewriter) that assists people who are hearing or speech-impaired to use telephone networks.

Changing lanes

To account for blind spots, you must do shoulder checks in addition to mirror checks before changing lanes. To shoulder check properly, quickly glance back over your shoulder through the rear side windows in the direction you intend to move. This allows you to see the area you are unable to see in your mirrors. When moving from one lane to another, do the following: • Be sure a lane change is permitted. • Check for traffic by glancing in your inside and outside rear view mirrors. • Check over your shoulder to be sure there are no vehicles or cyclists in your blind spots. • Turn on the proper signal light. • If safe, change lanes while maintaining your speed as much as possible. • Ensure your signal light is turned off.

Overdrive

To be used for driving at higher speeds. This gear helps to save fuel. Not all vehicles have this option. The vehicle's engine will not start in this gear.

Drive

To be used for normal forward driving. The transmission will change up and down through the driving gears automatically. The vehicle's engine will not start in this gear.

Reverse

To be used when backing or reversing the vehicle. When the vehicle is in reverse gear the white or clear lights at the rear of the vehicle will be lit. The vehicle's engine will not start in Reverse.

Park

To be used when starting the engine and when leaving the vehicle parked. The Park position locks the transmission, which prevents the wheels from turning. The vehicle's engine will start when the transmission is in Park.

Neutral

To be used when the transmission is in a position that no gear is selected. The wheels are not locked, and there is no power to the wheels. This position is used for towing the vehicle. The vehicle's engine will start in Neutral.

Third, Second, and First Gears

To be used when you require more power but less speed and to prevent the transmission from shifting to a higher gear. These gears may be used when going up or down hills and on road conditions such as slush, loose gravel, snow, sand, or ice, where you need more power but less speed. The vehicle's engine will not start in this gear.

Stage 2: GDL Probationary (Class 5-GDL)

To become a probationary driver you must: • hold your Class 7 learner's licence for a year (this time will be extended if you receive a suspension of your driving privileges) • be 16 years of age or older • pass the Alberta Class 5 road test Probationary conditions: • you must be a probationary driver for a minimum of two years • you must have no more passengers than seat belts • you will be suspended if you accumulate 8 or more demerit points • you must have a 0 alcohol and/or drug level when driving • you are not able to re-class your licence to a commercial driver's licence (Class 1, 2, 3, or 4) • you cannot serve as a supervising driver to a learner.

Stage 3: Full Class 5 (non-GDL)

To exit the GDL program you must: • be at least 18 years of age • be in the probationary stage for a minimum of 2 years • be free of suspensions or traffic violations within the last 12 months of the probationary stage, including 0 alcohol and/ or drug level when driving. You can reduce your probationary stage by up to 6 months if: • you successfully complete an approved driver training course resulting in a condition code (U) being added to your driving record • all other eligibility requirements are met. Upon exiting the GDL program, you will: • move from a Class 5-GDL to a full Class 5 driver's licence • qualify to re-class to a Class 1, 2, 3, or 4 drivers licence • increase the number of demerits you are allowed • remove the 0 alcohol and drug tolerance condition • be able to be an accompanying driver to a learner

Stage 1: Learner (Class 7)

To obtain a Class 7 learner's licence you must: • be 14 years of age or older • pass a vision screening • pass a knowledge test on the rules of the road • have parental consent if you are under 18 years of age • have valid identification Learner's conditions: • you must hold a learners licence(Class7) for at least 1 year • you must be accompanied by a fully-licensed(non-GDL) driver who is 18 years of age or older and is seated next to you. • you are not permitted to drive from midnight to 5am • you are not permitted to have more passenger than seat belts • you will be suspended if you accumulate 8 or more demerit points • you must have a 0 alcohol and/or drug level when driving

Traffic circles and roundabouts

Traffic always circulates in a counterclockwise direction around a centre island. Vehicles entering the intersection must yield to traffic already in the circle. The centre island of a roundabout is smaller than the centre island of a traffic circle. The roundabout has been designed with a tighter curve around the island to encourage lower speeds and may have a sloped curb to allow more room for larger commercial vehicles. Roundabouts can come in several different shapes and sizes.

Left turn lanes

Two-way onto a two-way: turn from the lane nearest and to the right of the yellow line, into the lane nearest and to the right of the yellow line. Two-way onto a one-way: turn from the lane nearest the yellow line, into the first available lane on the left side of the road. One-way onto a two-way: turn from the lane nearest the left side of the road, into the nearest lane to the right of the yellow line. One-way onto a one-way: turn from the lane nearest the left side of the road, into the lane nearest to the left side of the road. When the light is red, if there are no signs prohibiting turning, you may turn left from a one-way onto another one-way after coming to a complete stop at the proper stopping location (stop line or crosswalk) and the turn can be completed safely. This also applies to dual lane turns.

U-turns

U-turns are not permitted: • at an intersection controlled by a traffic control signal (traffic lights) unless permitted by a traffic control device • where a sign prohibits U-turns. In urban areas U-turns are not permitted: • on a roadway between intersections • at an alley intersection • at an intersection where one or more of the roadways is an access to a public or private parking lot which the public can access. Outside urban areas (rural) U-turns are not permitted: • on a curve • on an approach to or near the crest of a hill where the driver of another vehicle cannot see you that is within 150 metres approaching from either direction.

Pre-drive basics

Walk around your vehicle before entering to check for children, pedestrians, and anything in your vehicle's path. Check your tires for proper inflation, as well as around and under your vehicle for fluid leaks and other problems that may affect the safe operation of your vehicle. 1 Lock your doors. 2 Adjust your seat and seat back. 3 Adjust your head restraint. 4 Adjust your inside and outside rear view mirrors. 5 Fasten your seat belt.

Warning signs

Warning signs give drivers advance notice of actions required, or potentially hazardous conditions on or near a road. Usually these are yellow diamonds. Traffic regulations: Stop ahead, Yield ahead, Traffic control signals ahead, School bus stop ahead Stop at traffic lights ahead when yellow lights flashing: This warning sign is placed in advance of some intersections with traffic control signals. When the yellow lights are flashing, drivers approaching the intersection must prepare to stop. Turn or curve ahead: Sharp turn right, Curves right, Sharp turn left, Road curves left, Road turns left/right, Winding road Crossings ahead: Pedestrian crossing, Animal crossing, Moose crossing, Bicycle crossing, School crosswalk, Motorized snow vehicles crossing Intersections ahead: Hidden road right, Hidden road left, Hidden road, Y intersection, T intersection, Railway crossing, Trucks entering from right, Dead end, Roundabout Roadways ahead that join: Merging traffic Roadways ahead side-by-side but do not join: Free flow Narrow roadways ahead: Road narrows both sides, Narrow passage, Left lane narrows to right, Right lane narrows to left, Left lane ends, Right lane ends Divided highway: Divided highway begins, Divided highway ends Changing road conditions: Hill, Bump, Pavement ends, Slippery when wet, Hazard marker object on right, Hazard marker object on left, Bridge Ices, Rumble strips, Falling rock Chevron sign indicates a sharp bend in the road

Solid yellow light

When a green light changes to yellow, it warns that the light will change to red immediately and drivers must prepare to stop or clear the intersection. Drivers approaching an intersection with a solid (not flashing) yellow traffic control light must bring their vehicles to a complete stop before the stop line or crosswalk, unless a point has been reached at the intersection where stopping cannot be done safely.

Air brake endorsement(Q)

When a person successfully completes an approved Alberta air brake course through an authorized agency, an air brake endorsement (the letter Q) will be placed on that driver's licence. An air brake endorsement is required for drivers of vehicles with: • an air-only braking system, or • a combination of air and hydraulic braking system

Parallel parking

When approaching your intended parallel parking space, check behind you for traffic. Gradually apply your brakes well in advance of the parking space to begin slowing. Your brake lights alert other drivers of your intent to stop. Determine if the parking space is large enough for your vehicle. Stop when the rear bumper of your vehicle (vehicle A) is in line with the rear bumper of vehicle B. Your vehicle should be parallel with vehicle B, with about one metre (three feet) of space between the two vehicles. Place your vehicle in reverse gear. Look over your right shoulder and behind you to make sure nothing is there and the space is still available. Reverse straight very slowly (crawl speed) about one-half metre (one and a half feet). While still moving slowly, steer sharply to the right until your vehicle is at about a 45-degree angle to the curb. Continue to look in the direction you are moving while glancing to the front. Your steering wheel should now be in line with the rear bumper of vehicle B. While reversing very slowly, straighten your front wheels and continue reversing until the right corner of your front bumper is in line with the rear bumper of vehicle B. Be careful not to make contact with this vehicle. Turn the wheel sharply to the left. Continue to look in the direction you are moving while glancing to the front. Reverse until your vehicle is parallel with the curb. Be careful not to make contact with the bumper of the vehicle behind you. The law requires that the wheels of the parked vehicle not be more than 50 centimetres from the curb.

Hill parking

When parking facing uphill on a street with a curb, turn the front wheels to the left (toward the centre of the road). With the wheels turned, allow your vehicle to roll back slowly until the right front tire is touching the curb. This helps to prevent the vehicle from rolling into traffic if it starts to move. When parking facing uphill on a street without a curb, turn your front wheels to the right (toward the edge of the road). By doing this, if the vehicle starts to move it will go off the road and not into traffic. When parking facing downhill, always turn your front wheels to the right. If there is a curb, allow your vehicle to roll to the point where your right front tire is making contact with it. With the tires turned to the right, if the vehicle starts moving it will go off the road and not into traffic. To prevent a parked vehicle from rolling down a hill, always set your park brake and place your transmission in park (for an automatic transmission) or low gear (for a manual). When parking on the left side of the road, turn the front wheels in the opposite direction.

Re-classing your licence

When re-classing your driver's licence (excluding class 7 to class 5), you must present proof that you have completed a knowledge test and vision test through a registry agent office. Re-classing your driver's licence from your current class to a class 1, 2 or 4 licence will also require a medical report. A fee is charged for each knowledge test, road test, and for the final licence reclassification service.

Dual lane turns

When turning right or left where dual lane turns are indicated by pavement markings or signs, approach the intersection in one of the marked lanes and turn into the corresponding lane. Dual lane turns can only be made where indicated. Never swing wide or change lanes in dual lane turn intersections as another vehicle could be turning beside you. Watch the vehicle turning beside you, as it may swing wide into your lane. Unless prohibited by a sign, you may turn right on a red light at a dual right turn intersection after coming to a complete stop at the proper stopping point (stop line or crosswalk) and the turn can be completed safely. After completing a turn, dual turn lanes may converge into one lane. The driver in the lane that ends must change to the available lane by following the proper steps for a lane change.

Manual (standard) transmission

You must operate a clutch pedal with your left foot while using a gear shift lever with the right hand to manually select the desired gear. The driver changes gears when the clutch pedal is pressed down. When starting the engine of a vehicle equipped with a manual transmission, the gear shift lever should be in the neutral position and the clutch pedal should be pressed down completely. As you begin to release the clutch pedal by slowly lifting your left foot, the connection between the engine and the transmission will begin to be felt before the pedal is fully released. The point where this occurs is called the friction point. It is at the friction point that you must slowly release the clutch pedal to prevent the engine from stalling. At the friction point, carefully using the gas pedal with the slow release of the clutch pedal will help achieve a smooth start. When you are driving, be sure to remove your foot from the clutch pedal each time you finish changing to another gear. When you wish to brake or come to a stop, do not coast to a stop while pressing the clutch pedal. Only use the clutch pedal to start the vehicle, change from one gear to the next, and just before you stop to prevent stalling.

Signalling

You must use your signal light when you are: 1• moving away from the curb or parking lane 2• turning left or right 3• changing lanes.

Blind spots

Your inside and outside rear view mirrors will show you the traffic that is behind your vehicle. They will not show you everything to the sides or what is right beside and slightly behind in the lanes next to you. These are blind spots. The view in your inside rear view mirror should show as much of the view through your rear window as possible. The outside rear view mirrors should show a little of your vehicle on the side where the mirror is attached, as well as the area behind you in the lane next to you. They should be positioned so that from your driving position you see the horizon behind you in the middle of each mirror. Be sure your inside and outside rear view mirrors are adjusted properly to minimize blind spots.

Travel lane

a section of roadway wide enough to allow the passage of a single line of vehicles. This includes a curb lane lined with parking meters. Travel lanes are not always marked with lines on the road or signs.

Accelerating

• Accelerate smoothly. • Adjust to the weather, road, and traffic conditions. • Do not accelerate or reduce speed unnecessarily. • Never exceed the posted speed limit. • Do not accelerate so quickly that the vehicle's tires spin. • Drive with the flow of traffic to reduce the risk of being in a collision. Driving too slowly can be a hazard. • Glance occasionally at your speedometer to check your speed.

Adjust your inside and outside rear view mirrors

• Adjust your inside rear view mirror to show as much behind you as possible by having the rear window framed within the mirror. • Adjust the outside rear view mirrors to reduce blind spots. You should be able to see your own vehicle in a small portion of the side view mirror closest to the vehicle.

Insurance requirements

• All motor vehicles must be insured with a public liability insurance policy as outlined in the Alberta Insurance Act. • It is illegal to operate an uninsured motor vehicle. • Your insurance company issues a financial responsibility card (pink card) which must be presented when registering a vehicle and when requested by a peace officer.

When leaving a parallel park position

• Check all mirrors to see if it is safe to leave the parking location. • Reverse while looking over your right shoulder through your rear window, until you are close to the vehicle parked behind you, without making contact. • Turn on the left turn signal. • Before moving forward, look over your left shoulder for traffic and cyclists not visible in the mirrors. • Move forward slowly about one metre (three feet) while steering sharply all the way to the left. When it is safe, drive into the nearest travel lane taking care not to make contact with the vehicle parked in front. • Be alert for traffic approaching from the rear.

When you are ready to go, do the following:

• Check to be sure your intended path of travel is clear. • Check your inside and outside rear view mirrors. • Do a shoulder check to be sure your blind spots are clear. If you are moving away from the right side of the road, use your left turn signal to indicate that you are entering traffic. If you are on the left side of a one-way road, use your right turn signal.

Some tips for merging safely

• Merging requires that you plan and time your approach to blend smoothly with traffic, without stopping or abruptly reducing your speed. • Check the traffic flow on the highway as soon as you can see the lane where you will be merging. • Choose your gap in the traffic, and begin adjusting your speed, if required. Keep glancing at the gap you chose to ensure you are making the speed and timing adjustments necessary to safely merge without affecting traffic. • Use your signal light before or when you are in the acceleration lane. • Accelerate to the speed of the traffic on the main road. • Keep shoulder checking to view the gap and look in your rear view mirror for vehicles following you. • When it is safe and legal, move into the gap after you are past the solid white line of the acceleration lane. Maintain your speed at or near the speed of the other vehicles. • Ensure your signal light is turned off. If you are on the main roadway, and traffic is merging, move left to the next lane if it is safe. This leaves the right travel lane clear for the merging vehicles to enter.

Passing on a two-lane highway

• Pass only where it is permitted. • Keep a safe following distance behind the vehicle you intend to pass. • Pass vehicles only when there is no oncoming traffic for a safe distance. • Check your outside and inside rear view mirrors. • Do a shoulder check to the left to look for vehicles that may be passing you on the left. These vehicles may be in your blind spot. • Turn on your left signal light. • Before you attempt to pass, check again that there is no oncoming traffic and that you can complete the pass while it is stlll permitted. • It is illegal to exceed the speed limit when passing another vehicle. • Once the vehicle you have passed is visible in your inside rear view mirror, do a shoulder check to the right. • Turn on your right signal light. • Return to your original lane while maintaining your speed. • Ensure your signal light is turned off. When being passed on a two-lane highway, help the driver passing you by staying in your lane. Move to the right

Exiting a major roadway or highway

• Plan ahead. Be in the proper lane well before you reach your exit. • Use your turn signal well in advance of the exit to alert other drivers. • Move into the deceleration lane if there is one. • If possible, do most of the slowing in the deceleration lane. Some deceleration lanes are short; you may need to start to reduce your speed while still on the highway. • When you have exited, ensure your signal light is turned off. • If you miss your exit, do not stop. Continue to the next exit and make plans to return to your route. Do not stop and reverse on a highway, emergency stopping lane, or shoulder.

Curves

• To stay centred in your lane, look well ahead and around the curve. This will assist you with steering and speed control. • Maintain a safe and steady speed after entering the curve. • Do not pass vehicles on curves on highways with one lane in each direction. It is unsafe and illegal.

Braking

• When stopping, begin braking early. If you brake too late, your braking distance may not be sufficient. • Release pressure on the accelerator before applying the brake to reduce your speed. • To finish braking smoothly, release pressure on the brake pedal slightly and then reapply pressure on the pedal just before you come to a stop. • If you must stop quickly, use threshold braking. This is applying the brakes without locking the wheels. If the wheels lock, release your pressure on the brake pedal slightly.

Class 5 driver shall not operate

• a motorcycle (unless for learning) • a vehicle with a seating capacity of more than 15 while that vehicle is transporting any person other than the driver • a vehicle transporting passengers for hire • a vehicle equipped with air brakes, unless the supervisor has an air brake endorsement

Advanced road test (Class 5 non-GDL)

• a variety of intersection types, including uncontrolled 'T' intersections • high speed roadways of 80 to 100 km/hr • merging on the highway, with acceleration and deceleration lanes • high volume traffic areas • parking - an angle or perpendicular park. The advanced test does include a parallel and hill park

Class 5 vehicles

• a vehicle with only two-axles • a recreational vehicle with not more than three axles • a vehicle with only two-axles while that vehicle is towing a trailer with one or more axles, and is not equipped with air brakes • a recreational vehicle with only two axles while that vehicle is towing a trailer with one or more axles, and the trailer is not equipped with air brakes • a recreational vehicle with three axles while that vehicle is towing a trailer that has one or two axles and is not equipped with air brakes • a moped • all motor vehicles included under classes 1, 2, 3 and 4 for learning. The learner must be at least 18 years of age and have a supervisor with a valid driver's licence for the type of vehicle. • a motorcycle (for learning with a supervisor who holds a Class 6 non-GDL licence)

Graduated Driver licensing

• all new drivers are part of the Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) program. • This program ensures new drivers get the support, skills, and experience they need to handle the task of driving. • GDL improves road safety by creating a safe and controlled environment for all new drivers. • As a GDL driver you will hold one of the following licences: .Stage 1: Class 7 (Learner's Licence) .Stage 2: Class 5-GDL (Probationary Licence)

Class 5-GDL road test

• handling the vehicle (steering, braking and speed control) • selecting the proper lane for turns • observing and obeying speed zones • determining right of way at intersections and while changing lanes • demonstrating knowledge and skill at intersections with and without sign and signal controls • interacting with other road users in a nonobstructive manner • parking - perpendicular, uphill or downhill parking, and parallel (drivers over 65 are not required to complete a parallel park)

Adjust your head restraint

• head restraint should be positioned so that the centre of the head restraint is level with the top of your ears. • If your head restraint tilts, move it forward to decrease the space between your head and the restraint. Less than 10 cm (4 inches) is ideal.

Do not park here

• on a sidewalk or boulevard • on a crosswalk or on any part of a crosswalk • within an intersection • within one and a half metres (five feet) of access to a garage, private roadway, or driveway • alongside or opposite any street construction or obstruction when stopping or parking would obstruct traffic • on a bridge or underpass or the approaches to a bridge or underpass • where a traffic control device prohibits stopping or parking • within five metres (16 feet) of a stop sign or yield sign • within five metres of the nearest side of a marked crosswalk • within five metres of a fire hydrant. beside other vehicles where you may be double-parked • closer than five metres of the edge of the intersecting roadway, except where there is an indication that parking is permitted, such as with a parking meter • at or near the site of a fire, explosion, motor vehicle crash, or other incident, where parking would obstruct traffic or emergency response personnel

When is it illegal to pass another vehicle?

• oncoming vehicles are too close. If you have any doubts about safely completing the pass, do not attempt to pass • a solid yellow line is on your side of the centre line • a sign indicates a no passing zone • you are in a school or playground zone during school or playground zone times • another vehicle is stopped to allow a pedestrian to cross at a marked or unmarked crosswalk • a school bus has flashing red lights and the stop arm extended indicating the school bus has stopped. (It is not the safest choice to pass a school bus that has flashing amber lights, indicating that it is reducing speed, because it may be stopping to allow passengers on and off the school bus. If you do proceed, do it with caution.)