drug ch15

Identify a true statement about the health effects of marijuana use proved by medical investigations.

No relationship was found between marijuana use and susceptibility to infections and cancer.

True or false: In May 1969, 32 years after the Marijuana Tax Act became effective, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the Marijuana Tax Act unconstitutional.

True

During the 1930s, in the United States, marijuana was ______.

associated with violent crime and murder

In 1938, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia of New York City asked the New York Academy of Medicine to study the effects of marijuana. The study reported that marijuana use ______.

did not lead to mental or physical deterioration in long-term users

Cannabis cessation is known to _____.

disrupt sleep patterns

Identify the cognitive effects displayed by infrequent marijuana users following acute administration of smoked marijuana.

disrupted inhibitory control loss of sustained concentration slowed cognitive processing

In the context of various studies on cognitive effects of marijuana, it has been observed that ______.

subtle brain activation differences may have little impact on behavior

Identify the fastest growing and largest group of novel psychoactive substances.

synthetic cannabinoids

Which of the following is true of cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids are chemicals unique to the Cannabis plant.

is an endogenous chemical isolated from brain tissue that has marijuana-like properties.

Anandamide

Match the types of receptors that THC and other cannabinoids bind to with their descriptions.

CB1 receptors They are found throughout the body, but primarily in the brain. CB2 receptors They are found mainly outside the brain in immune cells.

Match the species of Cannabis plants with the descriptions of their traditional features.

Cannabis sativa It grew as a lanky plant up to 18 feet high and was relatively low in potency in terms of psychoactive effects. Cannabis indica It was cultivated in China and India, not only for fiber and seeds but also for its psychoactive potency.

Identify a true statement about the processing of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the human body.

Complete elimination of a large dose of THC and its metabolites might take 2 or 3 weeks.

______ is the generic name of the THC-containing drug that is used by cancer chemotherapy patients who are experiencing nausea.

Dronabinol

is a potent preparation of concentrated resin from the Cannabis plant.

Hashish

Which of the following is true of the subjective effects of marijuana?

Infrequent smokers are likely to experience more intense subjective effects.

Which of the following explains the interest of recreational drug users in synthetic cannabinoids?

Many synthetic cannabinoids are not detected by conventional urine drug tests.

Which of the following is true of the perception of marijuana in the United States in the 1930s?

Marijuana became a main target of law enforcement efforts.

According to the U.S. Controlled Substance Act, identify a true statement about the status of marijuana as a drug in the United States.

Marijuana remains a Schedule I drug and cannot be legally prescribed

The brand name of the drug dronabinol used for cancer patients is ______.

Marinol

or "without seeds," is a method of growing more potent marijuana.

Sinsemilla

Match the types of marijuana consumption with their characteristics.

Smoking The peak mood-altering and cardiovascular effects occur together, usually within 5 to 10 minutes. oral ingestion The peak effects usually occur between 60 and 90 minutes.

Which of the following is true of the withdrawal symptoms caused by cannabinoid cessation?

Symptoms may include negative mood states such as depression and anxiety.

When Cannabis is consumed through smoking, ______.

THC is rapidly absorbed into the body and distributed first to the brain

Identify a true statement about the early history of use of Cannabis.

The legend of the hashishiyya cult, which used Cannabis, grew in the eastern Mediterranean area around 1000 AD.

How did the Europeans become exposed to the psychological effects of Cannabis?

The legend of the hashishiyya cult, which used Cannabis, was spread by Marco Polo in Europe.

Which of the following is true of the preparation of sinsemilla?

The male Cannabis plants are removed prior to pollination to allow the female plants to produce more flowers.

Which of the following is true of the findings of scientific studies on the effect of marijuana on cognitive performance?

There are no meaningful brain differences between marijuana users and nonusers.

Identify a true statement about the findings of most studies that have evaluated the association of marijuana smoking with chronic respiratory symptoms.

There is no positive correlation of marijuana smoking with shortness of breath.

Identify a true statement about CB1 receptors in the body.

They are primarily found in the brain

Identify a true statement about the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937.

This federal law taxed the growers, distributors, sellers, and buyers of Cannabis.

In general, data from the LaGuardia Report on the effects of marijuana on its users ______.

are consistent with the findings of the Hemp Commission Report of the 1890s

In the context of health effects caused by marijuana, smoking marijuana is known to ______.

cause a marked increase in food intake

The cannabinoid ______ was isolated and synthesized in 1964 and is clearly the most pharmacologically active cannabinoid.

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

The primary psychoactive agent found in Cannabis is ______.

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

True or false: Several human deaths have been reported from overdoses of marijuana.

false. The lethal dose of THC has not been extensively studied in animals, and no human deaths have been reported from overdoses of marijuana. Thus, marijuana overdose does not appear to be an important public health issue.

A feature of anandamide is that it ______.

has marijuana-like effects when administered to animals

A feature of dronabinol is that it ______.

helps stimulates the appetite of AIDS patients

After smoking marijuana, experienced smokers are likely to experience a(n) ______.

increase in euphoria levels

One of the most consistent acute physiological effects of both smoked marijuana and oral THC is a(n) ______.

increase in heart rate

The acute physiological effects of marijuana primarily includes a(n)______.

increase in heart rate

A behavioral problem associated with cannabis intoxication is the potential for ______.

increased anxiety or panic reaction

A true statement about the effects of cannabis is that ______.

it increases heart rate that may adversely affect individuals with hypertension

A feature of hashish is that ______.

it is made, with up to 65% THC by weight

Heavy marijuana smoking over a long period of time could lead to ______.

less readily reversible impairment of pulmonary function

The best way to avoid panic reactions after ingesting cannabis, in any form, is to ingest ______.

lower doses of the drug

A true statement about the abuse potential of marijuana is that ______.

marijuana self-administration is THC concentration-dependent

A difference between Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica plants is that Cannabis indica plants are ______.

more compact and usually only 2 to 3 feet tall

Identify the effects of marijuana on the human body.

reddening of the eyes dryness of the mouth and throat

Proponents of medical marijuana argue that the smoked version of the drug should be made legally available because ______.

patients will be able to control medication effects more easily

In the context of the effects of cannabis on the immune system, animal studies have found that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) injections can ______.

reduce immunity to infection at doses well above those obtainable by smoking marijuana

In the context of medical uses of marijuana, smoking marijuana has proven to be effective in ______.

reducing the fluid pressure of the eye in glaucoma patients

Chronic, daily smoking of marijuana impacts the body by ______.

showing symptoms of chronic bronchitis

Marijuana affects the cognitive functioning of the body of a regular marijuana smoker by ______.

slowing cognitive processing

Marijuana is used as a clinical drug due to its ability to ______.

stimulate appetite

Match the regions of the brain that contain a large number of CB1 receptors with their functions.

the cerebellum coordinates fine body movements the hippocampus involved in aspects of memory storage the cerebral cortex regulates the integration of higher cognitive functions

Identify one of the factors that led to the declining prescription rate of Cannabis in the 1900s.

the drug's unusually long latency to onset of action

A true statement about Cannabis is that ______.

the psychoactive potency of the plant depends on the amount of resin present

The rate of delta-9-tetrahyrocannabinol (THC) absorption into the bloodstream is determined by ______.

the route of drug administration

In the context of the abuse potential of Cannabis, research studies have found that ______.

the self-administration of Cannabis is influenced by social factors

Which of the following contributed to the decline in the medical use of Cannabis in the 1900s?

the variability of the available medical preparations of Cannabis the development of new and better drugs for most illnesses

A characteristic of CB1 receptors, one of the receptors that THC binds to, is that ______.

they are much more abundant than receptors for morphine and heroin