Drug resistant bacteria (MRSA, VRE)
Transmission of MRSA
- direct person t o person contact - transmitted through sneeze
CA-MRSA details:
- less harmful (community acquired) - "newer type" virulent - NO co morbidities - MORE susceptible to B-lactam antibiotics (more choices) - serious soft tissue infections * Genotype differs from HA-MRSA
VRE treatment and prevention
- many VRE strands can be treated with other antibiotics - lab screening determines what antibiotics are effective Prevention: gloves, wash hands
Commotion about VRE
- most frequently isolated pathogen in hospitalized patients - higher mortality rate vs antibiotic-sensitive enterococcus - Difficult to treat, difficult to eradicate
VRE details:
- not a risk to the general population -check via rectal swap - life threatening in long-tern or compromised patients - transmission: direct person to person: not usually contracted from hugging and touching
MRSA issues:
- not generally a risk to general population - check via nasal swap - life treating in patients with... 1. deep wounds 2 IV catheters, tubes - untreatable in uncompromised immune response people
HA-MRSA: antibiotic therapy
- resistant to B-lactam and many others! Choices: vancomycin, and teicoplanin
CA-MRSA: treatment and prevention
- resistant to b-lactam susceptible to many
VRE details:
- voncomycin resistant: and other antibiotics - not a risk to general population - VRE can colonize in healthy individuals - check via rectal swap - life threatening in long-term patients, and compromised patients
HA-MRSA details:
-MORE HARMFUL (health care associated) - "older type" - multiple co-morbidities - less susceptible to non B-lactam antibiotics (fewer choices) - fewer serious soft tissue infections * Genotype differs from CA-MRSA
antibiotic targets
1. cell wall 2. protein synthesis 3. nucleic acid metabolism 4 cell membrane
two types of MRSA
1.HA-MRSA 2. CA MRSA
Two types of drug-resistant bacteria
MRSA and VRE
Both Encoding antibiotic resistance
MRSA: chromosomal mutations (peptidoglycan) plasmid (b-lactamase) VRE: plasmid borne transposons (peptidoglycan change
MRSA Resistance
MRSA: methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus, resistant to commonly used B-lactam antibiotics
MRSA is really B-lactam resistant
TRUE
VRE is resistant to vancomycin?
TRUE
VRE is part of the normal flora
True: enterocci
VRE Transmission:
direct person to person: stool, urine, blood not droplet nuclei from mouth and nose not usually from casual contact: like hugging and touching ex. found in vagina and skin * health care setting
Enterocci
heavily present in human gastrointestinal tract and colon - vagina -uretha skin
MRSA treatment and prevention
treatment: IV vancomycin prevention: gloves and gowns wash hands thoroughly after bathroom snd after contact with MRSA patient or substance