Drug resistant bacteria (MRSA, VRE)

Transmission of MRSA

- direct person t o person contact - transmitted through sneeze

CA-MRSA details:

- less harmful (community acquired) - "newer type" virulent - NO co morbidities - MORE susceptible to B-lactam antibiotics (more choices) - serious soft tissue infections * Genotype differs from HA-MRSA

VRE treatment and prevention

- many VRE strands can be treated with other antibiotics - lab screening determines what antibiotics are effective Prevention: gloves, wash hands

Commotion about VRE

- most frequently isolated pathogen in hospitalized patients - higher mortality rate vs antibiotic-sensitive enterococcus - Difficult to treat, difficult to eradicate

VRE details:

- not a risk to the general population -check via rectal swap - life threatening in long-tern or compromised patients - transmission: direct person to person: not usually contracted from hugging and touching

MRSA issues:

- not generally a risk to general population - check via nasal swap - life treating in patients with... 1. deep wounds 2 IV catheters, tubes - untreatable in uncompromised immune response people

HA-MRSA: antibiotic therapy

- resistant to B-lactam and many others! Choices: vancomycin, and teicoplanin

CA-MRSA: treatment and prevention

- resistant to b-lactam susceptible to many

VRE details:

- voncomycin resistant: and other antibiotics - not a risk to general population - VRE can colonize in healthy individuals - check via rectal swap - life threatening in long-term patients, and compromised patients

HA-MRSA details:

-MORE HARMFUL (health care associated) - "older type" - multiple co-morbidities - less susceptible to non B-lactam antibiotics (fewer choices) - fewer serious soft tissue infections * Genotype differs from CA-MRSA

antibiotic targets

1. cell wall 2. protein synthesis 3. nucleic acid metabolism 4 cell membrane

two types of MRSA

1.HA-MRSA 2. CA MRSA

Two types of drug-resistant bacteria

MRSA and VRE

Both Encoding antibiotic resistance

MRSA: chromosomal mutations (peptidoglycan) plasmid (b-lactamase) VRE: plasmid borne transposons (peptidoglycan change

MRSA Resistance

MRSA: methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus, resistant to commonly used B-lactam antibiotics

MRSA is really B-lactam resistant

TRUE

VRE is resistant to vancomycin?

TRUE

VRE is part of the normal flora

True: enterocci

VRE Transmission:

direct person to person: stool, urine, blood not droplet nuclei from mouth and nose not usually from casual contact: like hugging and touching ex. found in vagina and skin * health care setting

Enterocci

heavily present in human gastrointestinal tract and colon - vagina -uretha skin

MRSA treatment and prevention

treatment: IV vancomycin prevention: gloves and gowns wash hands thoroughly after bathroom snd after contact with MRSA patient or substance