Drugs and Human Behavior Exam 2

Heroin enters the brain faster than morphine does. A) true B) false

True

Tolerance develops most rapidly to the itching associated with opioid use, but never develops to the nausea. A) true B) false

false

Tolerance does not develop to barbiturates' anxiolytic effects, even after years of use. A) true B) false

false

Injecting opioids is more addictive than ingesting them. A) true B) false

true

Morphine is more potent than opium. A) true B) false

true

Z drugs such as Ambien bind to the GABA receptor. A) true B) false

true

The La Guardia Report of 1944 found that marijuana was not addictive, but the Shafer Commission of 1972 found that marijuana was both addictive and dangerous A) true B) false

false

When overdose to benzodiazepines occurs, it is usually due to seizure. A) true B) false

false

Both Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, and may, therefore, interact with other substances that use the same enzyme system. A) true B) false

true

Cannabinoids are very lipid-soluble A) true B) false

true

With chronic use, the liver becomes able to metabolize opioids faster. A) true B) false

true

Sniffing volatile substances such as glues or solvents produces a physiological reaction that is closest to the effects of cocaine. A) true B) false

false

With cocaine and other drugs, racial minorities are disproportionately targeted and prosecuted, but the discrepancy is not seen with marijuana. A) true B) false

false

Which of the following has the highest therapeutic index? A) codeine B) morphine C) fentanyl D) heroin

fentanyl

Compared to morphine, methadone A) causes a more severe withdrawal. B) is not absorbed as well orally. C) is longer-lasting D) is significantly more potent

is longer-lasting

Which is false about levamisole? A) over 80% of cocaine shipments seized in the U.S. were cut with levamisole. B) it has dangerous effects on the bone marrow. C) it is a drug to treat parasitic warm infections. D) it inhibits the psychoactive effects of cocaine.

it has dangerous effects on the bone marrow.

A joint has more tars and other carcinogenic (cancer-causing) substances than a cigarette of equal size A) true B) false

true

American Indians and Alaska natives report the highest rates of marijuana use A) true B) false

true

Benzodiazepines increase the frequency of chloride channel openings in the GABA receptor. A) true B) false

true

Candace Pert was one of the scientists to discover opioid receptors. A) true B) false

true

Cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia. A) true B) false

true

Chronic inhalant abuse is associated with brain damage and cognitive abnormalities. A) true B) false

true

Dissociative hallucinogens cause analgesia, amnesia, and a sense of detachment from the environment. A) true B) false

true

Drugs that raise the pH of the stomach reduce the absorption of benzodiazepines. A) true B) false

true

Fentanyl is highly lipid-soluble, and so it has a rapid onset and short duration of action. A) true B) false

true

Gram per gram, individuals in the United States consume more narcotic medication than any other nation worldwide. A) true B) false

true

Harry Anslinger was the first commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics A) true B) false

true

If Kurt takes heroin every day at 2pm in his bedroom, and then one day takes the same dose at 10am in his living room, he may die of an overdose. A) true B) false

true

Insomnia can increase the risk of diabetes and weight gain. A) true B) false

true

Ketamine was used as a surgical anesthetic on the battlefields in Vietnam. A) true B) false

true

Marijuana is an effective treatment for chronic pain in adults A) true B) false

true

Marijuana use among high school students goes up as perceived risk goes down. A) true B) false

true

Opioids are dangerous when taken with alcohol or Xanax. A) true B) false

true

Opium was a common ingredient in many patent medicines in the 19th century. A) true B) false

true

THC and its metabolites have long half-lives and may remain in the body for many days or even weeks after use A) true B) false

true

The synthetic cannabinoid Spice binds more fully tp brain cannabinoid receptors than does THC and may produce more intense effects A) true B) false

true

There is a specific benzodiazepines receptor, which means there is most likely an endogenous benzodiazepine-like substance in the body. A) true B) false

true

When states legalize medical marijuana, their rate of opioid overdose deaths go down A) true B) false

true

Chloral hydrate is a schedule I drug A) true B) false

false

Ambien is an example of a "Z drug." A) true B) false

true

Which of the following is true about the history of LSD? A) in 2016, LSD was removed reschedules and is now the 3rd most commonly prescribed drug to treat depression. B) LSD use reached its peak in the 1980s. C) LSD was used as a psychiatric drug in the 1950s and 60s. D) in the 1950s, Americans voted on a referendum to approve testing LSD by the CIA

LSD was used as a psychiatric drug in the 1950s and 60s.

Which is false about GHB? A) approved to treat narcolepsy. B) binds to GABA receptors. C) binds the glutamate receptors. D) proven to increase skeletal muscle growth.

Proven to increase skeletal muscle growth.

Which of the following is the incorrect association of generic name and trade name? A) alprazolam - librium B) clonazepam - klonopin C) diazepam - valium D) lorazepam - ativan

alprazolam - librium

The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1937 made all opioids illegal. A) true B) false

false

Cannabis sativa has a higher cannabidiol to THC ratio A) true B) false

false

Morphine is more potent than heroin. A) true B) false

false

Which of the following is not a psychedelic hallucinogen? A) MDMA B) psilocybin C) salvia D) peyote

salvia

Which of the following is not part of the opioid triad? A) constricted pupils B) depressed respiration C) seizure

seizure

Chronic use of LSD is associated with potentially fatal damage to the lungs and spleen. A) true B) false

false

Coca Cola no longer uses coca leaves in their formula. A) true B) false

false

Cocaine increases the activity of GABA in the brain. A) true B) false

false

Which one is cocaine's therapeutic index? A) 15 B) 75 C) 25 D) 100

15

When was the first opium war? A) 1914 - 1918 B) 1861 - 1865 C) 1899 - 1902 D) 1839 - 1842

1839 - 1842

Sedative/hypnotic drugs triple the fetus's risk of cleft palate. A) true B) false

false

Gram for gram, cocaine is considered to be one of the least expensive illicit drugs in the world. A) true B) false

false

Inhalants have a common chemical structure and mechanism of action. A) true B) false

false

LSD works mainly at DA receptors A) true B) false

false

Which of the following was not a claim made about marijuana? A) that it was the most violence-causing drug in the history of mankind B) that it would cause American boys to become so peaceful, they would not want to fight in our wars C) that it would make the nation vulnerable to a communist takeover D) that casual users of marijuana were accomplices to murder E) a, b, and c F) all of the above were claims made about marijuana

all of the above were claims made about marijuana

Which of the following is not one of the conditions that opioids are used to treat? A) analgesia B) constipation C) cough D) all of the above are therapeutic uses of opioids.

analgesia

Which of the following is an incorrect association? A) anandamide - phytoccanbinoid B) spice - synthetic cannabinoid C) A-AG - endocannabinoid D) cannabadiol - phytocannabinoid

anandamide - phytocannabinoid

Which is true about a bad trip? A) bad trips are associated with disturbing images, anxiety, agitation, and terror B) about 50% of first time LSD users will have a bad trip. C) bad trips are best treated with NSAIDs D) a bad trip is when visual disturbances such as trials or flashes of color occur long after the drug has left the body.

bad trips are associated with disturbing image, anxiety, agitation, and terror

Marijuana's therapeutic index is approximatley 22 A) true B) false

false

A clinical dose of benzodiazepines significantly lowers respiratory rate. A) true B) false

false

Which of the following is true of PCP? A) a fairly simple drug with well-understood effects. B) therapeutic index is over 1000 C) effects depends on dose, environment, and characteristics of the user.

effects depends on dose, environment, and characteristics of the user.

Which is true about LSD? A) about 3000 people overdose on LSD each year. B) it has one of the highest therapeutic indexes of all drugs. C) LSD must be taken intravenously. D) it mostly works by affecting dopamine.

it has one of the highest therapeutic indexes of all drugs.

What is false about crack cocaine? A) it is more lipid-soluble than powder cocaine. B) it is a complex procedure to synthesize crack from powder cocaine. C) criminal penalties for crack are harsher than penalties for powder cocaine. D) it is safer than freebase in terms of flammability.

it is more lipid-soluble than powder cocaine.

Which is true about MDMA? A) it works by directly inhibiting the release of serotonin. B) its psychoactive effects are stronger in men. C) its primary precursor is oil from the vanilla bean. D) it is structurally similar to dopamine and norepinephrine.

it is structurally similar to dopamine and norepinephrine.

Which is true about marijuana dependence? A) about 22% of users become addicted to marijuana B) only about 50% of people who enroll in a treatment program from marijuana dependence are successfully abstinent two weeks after leaving treatment. C) users cannot become addicted to marijuana.

only about 50% of people who enroll in a treatment program for marijuana dependence successfully abstinent two weeks after leaving treatment.

Which of the following barbiturate is the shortest acting? A) thiopental B) pentobarbital C) phenobarbital D) secobarbital

thiopental

Which is the most common source of drugs of non-medical use? A) received free from a friend or a relative B) the internet C) bought from a friend or a relative

received free from a friend or a relative

Which is true about the mechanism of action of sedative/hypnotics? A) when benzodiazepines bind to the GABA receptor, they allow more chloride to enter the cell. B) GABA(a) receptors are metabotropic. C) when barbiturates bind to GABA receptors in the brain, thy increase the likelihood of new action potentials firing. D) all GABA receptors have the same conformation.

when benzodiazepines bind to the GABA receptor, they allow more chloride to enter the cell.