E1: ANSC 221 gene regulation
Motif
A ____ is a domain, or a portion of one, that has very similar structure in many different proteins
Repressor, silencer
A regulatory protein that decreases the rate of transcription is termed a ____ The sequence it binds is called a _____
Activator, enhancer
A regulatory protein that increases the rate of transcription is termed an ______ The sequence it binds is called an ____
Oriented independent, bidirectional
Many response elements are ____ or ____ They can function in the forward or reverse orientation
Combinatorial control
Most eukaryotic genes are regulated by many factors. This is known as_____
Alternative splicing
One very important biological advantage of introns in eukaryotes is the phenomenon of ______ This refers to the phenomenon that pre-mRNA can be spliced in more than one way
Cis, control elements, regulatory elements
Regulatory transcription factors recognize ____ regulatory elements These sequences are known as ____ or _____
True
T/F most response elements are located within a few hundred nucleotides upstream of the promoter
Spliceosome
The _____ recognizes the 5' and 3' splice sites and removes the intervening intron
Silencet
The binding of a transcription factor to a _____ decreases the rate of transcription Down-regulation
Enhancer
The binding of a transcription factor to an _____ increases the rate of transcription Up-regulation
General transcription factor
There are two main types of transcription factors This one is required for the binding of the RNA pol to the core promoter and its progression to the elongation stage Are necessary for basal transcription
Regulatory transcription factors
There are two main types of transcription factors This one serves to regulate the rate of transcription of target genes They influence the ability of RNA pol to begin transcription of a particular gene
General, regulatory transcription factors
There are two main types of transcription factors, they are....
Domains
Transcription factor proteins contain regions, called _____, that have specific functions One for DNA binding another could provide a binding site for effector molecules
MicroRNA, short-interfering RNAs
____ (miRNA) or ____ (siRNA) cause RNA interference Encoded by genes in eukaryotic organisms
Transcription factors
____ are proteins that influence the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe a given gene
Splicing factors
_____ modulate the ability of spliceosomes to recognize or choose the splice sites This can occur in 2 ways: Inhibits the ability Enhance the ability
DNA methylation
______ is a change in chromatin structure that silences gene expression Carried out by DNA methyltransferase Inherited during cell division May explain genomic imprinting