E1: ANSC 221 gene regulation

Motif

A ____ is a domain, or a portion of one, that has very similar structure in many different proteins

Repressor, silencer

A regulatory protein that decreases the rate of transcription is termed a ____ The sequence it binds is called a _____

Activator, enhancer

A regulatory protein that increases the rate of transcription is termed an ______ The sequence it binds is called an ____

Oriented independent, bidirectional

Many response elements are ____ or ____ They can function in the forward or reverse orientation

Combinatorial control

Most eukaryotic genes are regulated by many factors. This is known as_____

Alternative splicing

One very important biological advantage of introns in eukaryotes is the phenomenon of ______ This refers to the phenomenon that pre-mRNA can be spliced in more than one way

Cis, control elements, regulatory elements

Regulatory transcription factors recognize ____ regulatory elements These sequences are known as ____ or _____

True

T/F most response elements are located within a few hundred nucleotides upstream of the promoter

Spliceosome

The _____ recognizes the 5' and 3' splice sites and removes the intervening intron

Silencet

The binding of a transcription factor to a _____ decreases the rate of transcription Down-regulation

Enhancer

The binding of a transcription factor to an _____ increases the rate of transcription Up-regulation

General transcription factor

There are two main types of transcription factors This one is required for the binding of the RNA pol to the core promoter and its progression to the elongation stage Are necessary for basal transcription

Regulatory transcription factors

There are two main types of transcription factors This one serves to regulate the rate of transcription of target genes They influence the ability of RNA pol to begin transcription of a particular gene

General, regulatory transcription factors

There are two main types of transcription factors, they are....

Domains

Transcription factor proteins contain regions, called _____, that have specific functions One for DNA binding another could provide a binding site for effector molecules

MicroRNA, short-interfering RNAs

____ (miRNA) or ____ (siRNA) cause RNA interference Encoded by genes in eukaryotic organisms

Transcription factors

____ are proteins that influence the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe a given gene

Splicing factors

_____ modulate the ability of spliceosomes to recognize or choose the splice sites This can occur in 2 ways: Inhibits the ability Enhance the ability

DNA methylation

______ is a change in chromatin structure that silences gene expression Carried out by DNA methyltransferase Inherited during cell division May explain genomic imprinting