e2

Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called? A. congenital analgesia B. inherited numbness C. Korsakoff's disease D. Pacinian syndrome

(correct) A. congenital analgesia

light waves are first transmitted through the ________ at the front of the eye and enter an opening called the ________ before shining onto the retina. A. cornea - pupil B. sclera - lens C. lens - sclera D. pupil - cornea

(correct) A. cornea - pupil

if you watch a flock of birds flying overhead, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes advantage of which Gestalt principle? A. proximity B. closure C. contiguity D. figure-ground

(correct) A. proximity

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias. A.egocentric B.hindsight C.stereotypical D.transient

B.hindsight

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory. A.explicit B.implicit C.semantic D.sensory

B.implicit

Which statistic is a measure of how data are dispersed in a population and can be used to give context to larger data sets? A.variability B.standard deviation C.heritability D.correlation coefficient

B.standard deviation

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories. A.transience B.suggestibility C.recognition D.decay

B.suggestibility

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________. A.an algorithm B.the availability heuristic C.functional fixedness D.the hindsight bias

B.the availability heuristic

What is the Flynn effect? A.Once a person knows his IQ, he stops trying to excel academically. B.The idea that standard intelligence tests are flawed when they are used to compare ethnic groups. C.The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation. D.The observation that each generation has a significantly lower IQ than the previous generation.

C.The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses? A.Neither one has sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe. B.Because they are unrelated to biological senses. C.They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe. D.We cannot use these senses without the presence of specific chemicals in the body.

C.They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it? A.They'd be activated more strongly than the concept first activated. B.They would undergo a structural change. C.They would also be activated, though at a lower level. D.They would be inhibited from being activation.

C.They would also be activated, though at a lower level.

Amarah has an exam in a week, so she schedules 30 to 60 minutes each night to review her course material. She does this rather than waiting until the night before the exam so that she can avoid a "cram session." Amarah's approach to studying is called ________ practice. A.chunked B.massed C.distributed D.proactive

C.distributed

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states? A.memorize five states at a time—group the information into a more manageable size B.sing the names of the 50 states to the tune of "Happy Birthday" C.stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study D.think of something you might do in each state if you were on a vacation in that state

C.stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study

In a person whose eyes work in the usual fashion, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________. A.cornea; iris B.fovea; lens C.iris; retina D.lens; fovea

D. lens;fovea

Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary she can't; instead she can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference. A.retrograde B.anterograde C.proactive D.retroactive

D.retroactive

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? A.effortful B.procedural C.recall D.sensory

D.sensory

As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can't hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to "speak up," from a physical perspective you are asking them to ________ of the sound waves they are producing. A.increase the frequency B.increase the amplitude term-46 C.decrease the frequency D.decrease the amplitude

B.increase the amplitude

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language? A.grammar B.lexicon C.morpheme D.phoneme

B.lexicon

what has research shown about processing subliminal messages? A. In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness. B. In laboratory settings, people do not perceive information outside of their awareness. C. In real life, people obey subliminal messages like zombies. D. Outside of laboratory settings, people have a lower absolute threshold.

(correct) A. In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.

within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________ waves of light. A. higher amplitude B. longer wavelengths C. shorter wavelengths D. lower amplitude

(correct) B. longer wavelengths

Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels. A. kinesthesia B. nociception C. preconception D. thermoception

(correct) B. nociception

which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge and expectancies? A. bottom-up B. inside-out C. outside-up D. top-down

(correct) D. top-down

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. A.Cognition B.Personality C.Conceptualization D.Priming

A.Cognition

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way. A.artificial B.event C.role D.script

C.role

Renata grew up in a traditional Navajo household, living in a round hogan, and only saw buildings with square corners when she went to high school. She will be less susceptible to the ______. A. Ponzi scheme. B. Ponzo delusion. C. Müller-Lyer effect. D. Ames illusion.

(correct) C. Müller-Lyer effect.

which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain? A. corneal B. acoustic C. optic D. gustatory

(correct) C. optic

CHAPTER 5

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How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory? A.Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness. B.Explicit memories are memories we have directly experienced, while implicit memories are memories that someone else directly experienced. C.Explicit memories are memories we unconsciously remember, while implicit memories are those that we consciously remember. D.Implicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while explicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

A.Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Which pair of individuals is most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores? A.Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families. B.Jerry and Jerica are fraternal twins who were raised in the same home. C.Vondra and Victoria are a mother and daughter who have lived together for all of Victoria's 15 years. D.Annabeth and Andre are half-siblings who have the same father but different mothers. They've lived together since they were 3 and 5 years old, respectively.

A.Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families.

Which school of thinking in psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure? A.Ruffinian B.Gestalt C.Pacinian D.Humanistic

B. Gestalt

Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading PowerPoint slides. If an audience member were to check the internet using her cell phone and causing her screen to light up, chances are that many people would notice the change in illumination in the classroom. However, if the same thing happened in a brightly lit classroom during a discussion, very few people would notice. The cell phone brightness does not change, but its ability to be detected as a change in illumination varies dramatically between the two contexts. This is an example of ________. A.Merkel's theory B.the law of thermoception C.the principle of transduction D.Weber's law

D. Weber's Law

How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear? A. It receives incoming sound information and bypasses the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain through the optic nerve. B. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain. C. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the basilar membrane to transmit information to the brain. D. It receives incoming sound information and indirectly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

(correct) B. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

how does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear? A. It receives incoming sound information and bypasses the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain through the optic nerve. B. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain. C. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the basilar membrane to transmit information to the brain. D. It receives incoming sound information and indirectly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

(correct) B. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

some neurons can only generate action potentials up to a certain speed, and no faster. This fact is a limitation of the ________ theory of pitch perception. A. opponent-process B. place C. temporal D. volley

(correct) C. temporal

Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading PowerPoint slides. If an audience member were to check the internet using her cell phone and causing her screen to light up, chances are that many people would notice the change in illumination in the classroom. However, if the same thing happened in a brightly lit classroom during a discussion, very few people would notice. The cell phone brightness does not change, but its ability to be detected as a change in illumination varies dramatically between the two contexts. This is an example of ________. A. Merkel's theory B. the law of thermoception C. the principle of transduction D. Weber's law

(correct) D. Weber's law

when considering the wavelength of a radio wave - like the kind you hear when listening to music as you drive along - you would be correct to think that the size is this wave is about as long as A. an atom's nucleus B. an atom C. a honeybee D. a building

(correct) D. a building

when you watch the teacher at the front of the room, you are easily able to distinguish her from the whiteboard (or chalkboard) behind her. This demonstrates the Gestalt principle of ________. A. binocular disparity B. similarity C. good continuation D. a figure-ground relationship

(correct) D. a figure-ground relationship

Nikki was walking around a department store shopping one day and did not realize that the shirt she was wearing looked just like the shirts worn by employees. When a stranger asked, "do you work here," she thought it was funny. The other customers' assumption that Nikki was a store employee demonstrates the Gestalt principle of _______. A. proximity B. closure C. continuity D. similarity

(correct) D. similarity

the auditory cortex, in which sound stimuli are processed for perception, is located in the ________ lobe. A. frontal B. parietal C. occipital D. temporal

(correct) D. temporal

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge and expectancies? A. bottom-up B. inside-out C. outside-up

(correct) D. top-down

CHAPTER 7

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CHAPTER 8

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Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests she would be capable of holding a job and living independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily? A.mild B.moderate C.profound D.severe

A.mild

Which perceptual system allows Nancy to run without watching her feet and hit a baseball without focusing on her hands? A.gustation B.proprioception C.somatosensation D.thermoception

B. Proprioception

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics. A.Natural B.Artificial C.Ideal D.Prototypicalterm-47

B.Artificial

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. A.Beliefs B.Concepts C.Emotions D.Values

B.Concepts

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________. A.coding; recoding B.construction; reconstruction C.equipotentiality; amnesia D.information; misinformation

B.construction; reconstruction