EAPS 104

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of ________. Question 13 options: 0° 45° 180° 90° 23.5°

23.5

Which of the following best describes the Electrolysis Method for desalination? Question 18 options: a) A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater. b) Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are melted. c) Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it condenses as freshwater. d) Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between each thawing. e) Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through the membrane to the freshwater side.

A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater.

Who was Marie Tharp?

A woman who made maps of the ocean floor

The great oxidation event resulted in the massive die-off of which of the following?

Anaerobic Bacteria

Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-continetal convergent plate boundaries?

Andesitic volcanoes

The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is ___

Answer is not: Being subducted beneath the North American Plate

In which period did the first fishes appear?

Answer: is not Cambrian

Which of the following is an example of an oceanic transform plate boundary?

Answer: is not San Andreas Fault

Which of the following is Earth's liquid iron-nickel layer?

Answer: is not inner core

Which of the following is Earth's plastic layer, which flows when a gradual force is applied to it?

Asthenosphere

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Asthenosphere Atmosphere Core Lithosphere Mesophere Answer: Atmosphere

According to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest-known life-forms were primitive

Bacteria

In this image we see tiny shells of foraminifera from a beach in Japan. Foraminifera are single-cell microorgansims with shells made of calcite. What type of sediment is this? Question 6 options: lithogenous biogenous cosmogenous hydrogenous

Biogenous

Calcareous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types? Question 3 options: Cosmogenous Sediment Biogenous Sediment Hydrogenous SedimentT errigenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment

Biogenous sediment

Which of the following occurs at the same temperature as the condensation point? Question 10 options: Polarization point Melting point Freezing point Boiling point Lagrangian point

Boiling point

Which of the following sediments contain at least 30% of the hard remains of calcareous-secreting organisms? Question 2 options: Diatom & calcareous ooze Radiolarian & diatom Abyssal clay Radiolarian Calcareous ooze

Calcareous ooze

The _____ is a transition zone between the continental slope and the deep-ocean floor comprised of a huge submerged pile of debris.

Continental rise

Examine the five words and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Question 19 options: Thermocline Pycnocline Temperature Salinity Distillation

Distillation

This diagram depicts a _____________ plate boundary (pushing away from eachother)

Divergent

What is the underlying rock for the continental shelf?

Granite

The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is ________. Question 16 options: CO2 HCO3− Na+ Ca+2 Cl−

HCO3-

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Hawaiian Islands Japan Aleutian Islands Mariana Trench Andes Mountains Answer: Andes Mountains?

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities? Question 11 options: High heat capacity High salinity High viscosity Low heat capacity Low viscosity

High heat capacity

Oceanography is divided into different academic disciplines or subfields of stduy. Which one is not mentioned in the textbook

Historical Oceanography

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Indian Atlantic Mediterranean Arctic Pacific Answer: Mediterranean

Picture of the globe with oceans labeled (What ocean is labeled E?)

Indian Ocean

Which of the following surface seawater salinity conditions would you predict for the following location: Latitude: 50°S Longitude: 170°W Question 17 options: High surface seawater salinity due to evaporation High surface seawater salinity due to precipitation Low surface seawater salinity due to evaporation Low surface seawater salinity due to precipitation

Low surface seawater salinity due to precipitation

In this image, what layer represents Earth's high-density, mostly iron-silicate layer? (triangle image)

Mantle

Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor? Question 4 options: Propane Carbondioxide Ethane Methane Hydrogen sulfide

Methane

Which type of convergence is where the older denser sea floor subducts and an oceanic island arc is created?

Oceanic-oceanic convergence

A continental margin, like the one shown in the image, contains which of the following? ("Off the coast of Southern California is a continental borderland, which consists of a series of islands, shallow banks, and deep basins")

Off-Shore Faults

The study of historical changes of continental shapes and positions is called ________

Paleogeography

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern

Pangaea Gondwanaland Panamerica Panthalassia Tethys Sea Answer: Panamerica

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Question 19 options: Surface tension Heat capacity Boiling point Freezing point Precipitation

Precipitation

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Precision depth recorder (PDR) Sea MARC SeaBeam Global positioning system (GPS) GLORIA Answer: GLORIA

Which of the following is a layer of rapidly changing density? Question 16 options: Thermocline Pycnocline Halocline Mixed layer

Pycnocline

Which of the following is the major environmental concern regarding the release of methane from the sea floor to the atmosphere? Question 4 options: At least fifty deep-ocean floor sites may contain extensive methane hydrate deposits. Methane is created when bacteria break down organic matter trapped in sea floor sediments. Sea floor methane seeps support a rich community of organisms that depend on the methane. Release of large quantities of methane from the ocean causes dramatic effects on global climate. Sudden releases of methane hydrates have been linked to underwater slope failures.

Release of large quantities of methane from the ocean causes dramatic effects on global climate.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Rift Valley Trenches Pillow basalts Metal sulfide deposits Seamounts Answer: Trenches

Which of the following best describes the Freeze Separation Method for desalination? Question 18 options: A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater. Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are melted. Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it condenses as freshwater. Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between each thawing. Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through the membrane to the freshwater side.

Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between each thawing.

Which of the following techniques used to determine ocean bathmetry is illustrated in the image? (image with a ship on top and 1 is "An airgun explosion emits low frequency sounds that can penetrate bottom sediments and rock layers)

Seismic Reflection

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Question 5 options: Quartz sand Rock fragments Volcanic ash Clay Siliceous ooze

Siliceous ooze

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Question 5 options: Glaciers Rivers Volcanic ash Turbidity currents Siliceous ooze

Silizeous ooze

Which of the following is the most abundant positively charged component of seawater? Question 15 options: Calcium Chloride Magnesium Sodium Sulfate

Sodium

Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes? Question 1 options: Grain lithification Suspension settling Porosity reduction Paleooceanography Sediment compaction

Suspension settling

Which of the following best defines heat? Question 10 options: The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place The energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature Weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close together

The energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature

Which part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes the continental shelves of passive margins?

The shallowest slope below sea level

Which of the following is a layer of rapidly changing temperature? Question 14 options: Pycnocline Halocline Mixed layer Thermocline

Thermocline

Earth's mantle is exposed on the ocean floor in great slabs of rock between widely-spaced volcanoes in _____

Ultra-slow spreading centers

Which of the following is not one of the reasons why water is considered a universal solvent? Question 11 options: a) Water molecules reduce the attraction between ions of opposite charges. b) When the ions separate, they become attracted to identically charged water molecules. c) Water molecules stick to other polar chemical compounds. d) Water molecules interact with other water molecules and other polar molecules. e) Water molecules make it much easier for ions to separate.

When the ions separate, they become attracted to identically charged water molecules.

How was Marie Tharp able to pursue an education in geology?

World War 11 created a scarcity of men in the Earth Science department

Which of the following best describes hydrogen bonding? Question 9 options: Electrostatic attraction between charged areas of adjacent molecules Very strong bonding between cations and anions Weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close together Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions Very strong bonding from the sharing of electrons between atoms

Wrong answer : Electrostatic attraction between charged areas of adjacent molecules

The Alpine Fault of New Zealand is an example if ______ plate boundary.

a continental transform

The East Pacific Rise is an example of ________ plate boundary.

a continental-continental divergent an oceanic-continental convergent an oceanic-oceanic convergent an oceanic transform an oceanic-oceanic divergent Answer: oceanic-oceanic divergent

The basic building blocks of all matter are called ________ atoms neutrons protons electrons ions

atoms

Oceanic crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called ___

basalt

In this microscope image, we see coccolithophores - marine algae with shells made of calcite (CaCO3). What type of marine sediment would be produced from an abundance of these coccolithophore shells? Question 7 options: siliceous ooze calcareous ooze abyssal clay manganese nodule

calcareous ooze

This diagram depicts a ____ plate boundary. (Picture is one plate sliding over the other)

convergent

The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography.

geological

Which of the following is a hollow steel tube with a heavy weight on top that is to collect sediment samples? Question 1 options: Dredge Gravity corer Long line Rotary corer Seiche disk

gravity corer

Volcanic features on the ocean floor that are less than 1000 meters tall are called _____

guyots nemataths seaknolls seamounts islands Answer: seaknolls

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is ________. Question 12 options: related to solvent concentration a function of salinity lower than other liquids higher than other liquids about the same as other liquids

higher than other liquids

In this image, a person is holding a handful of black sand from a beach in Hawaii. The sand is made of pieces of basalt from nearby volcanoes. What type of sediment is this? Question 6 options: hydrogenous lithogenous cosmogenous biogenous

lithogenous

Which of the following surface seawater salinity conditions would you predict for the following location: Latitude: 60°N Longitude: 20°W Question 17 options: High surface seawater salinity due to evaporation High surface seawater salinity due to precipitation Low surface seawater salinity due to evaporation Low surface seawater salinity due to precipitation

low surface seawater salinity due to precipitation

Cosmogenous sediment consists of two main types of sediment ________. Question 2 options: microscopic spherules and abyssal clay sbiogenous oozes and macroscopic meteor debris biogenous oozes and evaporites abyssal clays and evaporites microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris

microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris

Sediments found on continental margins are called ________. Question 3 options: pelagic continental oceanic neritic estuarine

neritic

Segments of the oceanic ridge system that are gentler and less rugged in slope due to faster rates of seafloor spreading are called ___

oceanic rises

Along the margins of the Pacific are found most of Earth's __

oceanic trenches

In this microscope image, we see diatoms and radiolarians - marine organisms with shells made of silica (SiO2). What type of marine sediment would be produced from an abundance of these shells? Question 7 options: siliceous ooze calcareous ooze abyssal clay cosmogenous

siliceous ooze

Match the examples of sediments below with the term that best describes their classification. Each example will match to one term. Question 8 options:1234 siliceous ooze volcanic ash meteors and meteorites manganese nodules hydrogenous sediment biogenous sediment lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment cosmogenous sediment

siliceous ooze = ? volcanic ash = ? meteors and meteorites = ? manganese nodules = ?

Match the examples of sediments below with the term that best describes their classification. Each example will match to one term. Question 8 options: abyssal clay coccolithophores halite (salt) tektites cosmogenous sediment biogenous sediment lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment hydrogenous sediment

tektites = cosmogenous sediment coccolithophores = biogenous sediment halite (salt) = lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment abyssal clay = hydrogenous sediment WRONG: 1/2

The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by ________. Question 12 options: density temperature salinity chlorinity pH

temperature

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that ________. Question 14 options: the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change the percentage of sodium varies with ocean depth the percentage of chloride varies with geographical location ocean salinity varies as a function of season ocean salinity varies with geographical location

the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change

In terms of temperature for high-latitude regions, which layer is absent? Question 15 options: Thermocline Pycnocline Mixing zone Halocline

thermocline

Which part of the Earth receives the most annual radiation from the sun? Question 13 options: Poles Tropics Temperate zone

tropics