Earth Science Chapter 16

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

what happens to sunlight as it passes through earth's atmosphere?

Half is absorbed in ozone by clouds (water vapor- acts as mirror), gases (carbon dioxide), ozone. Dust and gases reflect the light (called "scattering") or reflected by surface (water) back into atmosphere (see diagram page 544) Half is absorbed by Earth's surface, heating land and water.

thermal energy

TOTAL energy of motion in the particles of a substance (hot tea in pot has more thermal energy than hot tea in cup because there are MORE particles in POT)

why does sky look red at sunset

at sunrise and sunset, the light passes through thicker atmosphere and blue light is scattered more, so mostly red and orange light is visible.

visible light

colors you see in a rainbow (ROYGBIV) RED = LONGEST WAVE; VIOLET = shortest wave

what causes wind

differences in air pressure caused by differences in heating of the atmosphere (cooler air flows under hotter air)

radiation

direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves (most heat you feel from sun is infrared radiation- invisible but feels hot)

conduction

direct transfer of heat from one substance to another that it is touching (hot sand burns your feet) the closer the molecules, the better conduction (solids conduct better than liquids or gas)

why does daytime sky look blue?

gas molecules scatter short wavelengths of light (blue and violet) more than long (red and orange) so the sky looks blue.

infraRED radiation

has waves LONGER than RED light. Is NOT VISIBLE, but is felt as HEAT

convection currents

heavier (cooler, denser) air sinks while lighter, warmer air rises. The up and down movements of air form currents.

Electromagnetic waves

how the sun's energy travels to earth (measured in wavelengths or distance between waves)

ultraVIOLET radiation

invisible form of energy with wavelengths SHORTER than VIOLET light. causes sunburns, skin cancer and eye damage.

sea breeze

local wind that blows from an ocean or lake (caused by unequal heating- land warms up faster than ocean so air over land becomes warmer than air over ocean, causing warm air over land to rise and cool air from water flows in under warm air.

anemometer

measures wind speed.

three ways heat is transferred

radiation, conduction, convection (all three heat the TROPOSPHERE)

wind vane

tells us wind DIRECTION (north wind blows OUT OF the NORTH toward the south)

temperature

the AVERAGE amount of energy of motion of each particle of a substance. (how hot or cold)

radiation

the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

wind

the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure.

wind chill factor

the increased cooling a wind causes the actual temperature to feel colder

heat

the transfer of THERMAL energy from a hotter object to a cooler one.

convection

the transfer of heat by the movement of a FLUID

thermometer

thin glass tube with a bulb on one end that contains liquid, usual mercury or colored alcohol (used for measuring temperature. (heat causes liquid to expand and rise in tube)

degrees

unit of measurement of temperature

celsius scale

used by scientists. freezing of water on celsius is 0 degrees. Boiling is 100 degrees.

what three types of energy do we receive from the sun?

visible light, infrared radiation and ultraviolet light.

fahrenheit scale

weather reports use fahrenheit. freezing on fahrenheit is 32 degrees. Boiling is 212 degrees.

greenhouse effect

when earth's surface is heated by sunlight, it radiates the energy back into the atmosphere (infrared radiation) and this energy cannot travel back to space so it is absorbed by gases and water vapor in atmosphere, forming a "blanket" around earth, holding heat in the atmosphere.


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