Earth Science Chapter 7 Study Guide
What is Earth shaped like?
A sphere
The moon revolves around the...
Earth
When is earth CLOSEST to the sun?
January
Why is a day added to the time at the International Date Line?
Because as you go around the planet, you eventually come back to the same time. 1 day is added so that no spot is experiencing 2 days of the same time.
How do we know the earth's orbit is an ellipse?
Because the distance between Earth and the Sun changes during the year.
What is the shape of the Earth's shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse?
Curved
winter solstice
December 21 or 22
revolution
Earth's yearly orbit around the Sun
When are hours of daylight and nighttime equal?
Equinox
True or False: Earth rotates on its axis about once every year.
FALSE Once every DAY (not year)
True or False: Night and day on Earth are caused by Earth's revolution around the sun.
FALSE Rotation on its axis (not revolution around sun)
True or False: Daylight hours are shorter for the hemisphere that is tilted toward the Sun during the solstice.
FALSE hours are longer (not shorter)
What is the likely reason that the surface of the Moon is so much more rugged than the Earth's surface?
It has had many more meteor strikes due to lack of atmosphere.
new Moon
Moon phase in which NONE of the lighted surface of the Moon can be seen from Earth
new moon
Moon phase in which none of the lighted surface of the Moon can be seen from Earth
waxing
Moon phases in which the amount of lighted surface seen on earth increases
Agree? Does the moon look red during a solar eclipse?
NO
Agree? Were the photographs taken by Clementine intended for use in compiling a detailed map of Earth's surface?
NO
Most of the time, where is the sun located?
North or South of the Equator
True or False: A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth's shadow falls on the Moon.
TRUE
True or False: The new moon can only be photographed during a solar eclipse.
TRUE
True or False: The summer solstice occurs in June in the northern hemisphere and in December in the southern hemisphere.
TRUE
How did Aristotle conclude that Earth's shape was spherical based on an eclipse?
The Earth cast a curved shadow on the moon.
The presence of maria on the Moon indicates that:
The Moon contains lava beneath its surface. ("liquid hot magma" ~Dr. Evil)
Why have only a few people seen a total solar eclipse?
The moon is small compared to the Earth and Sun, so it's shadow on Earth is also small.
What may happen when the Moon enters Earth's umbra during a total lunar eclipse?
The moon may appear red due to sunlight passing through the Earth's atomsphere
True or False: A total solar eclipse can be seen only by people in the area of Earth within the Moon's umbra.
True
What is a solar eclipse?
When the moon comes directly between Earth and the Sun, casting its shadow on the Earth.
When do eclipses occur?
When the sun, moon, and earth line up perfectly
Agree? Does the Sun's gravity have an effect on the Earth's tides?
YES
Agree? If it is summer on one hemisphere, is it winter on the other hemisphere?
YES
Agree? Is the Moon's crust thicker on one side?
YES
Agree? Is the South Pole-Aitken Basin the largest and deepest depression found so far in the solar system?
YES
Agree? Is the South Pole-Aitken Basin the oldest identifiable impact feature on the Moon's surface?
YES
Agree? Might there be ice deposits near the Moon's south pole?
YES
27.3 days
amount of time of the Moon's revolution and rotation
Moon phases
changing appearances of the Moon from Earth
maria
dark-colored, relatively flat regions of the Moon formed from lava filling large basins.
craters
depressions on the Moon caused by the impact of meterorites
axis
imaginary line extending between the poles around which the Earth spins
Dark-colored, relatively flat regions of the Moon's surface that were formed when interior lava filled large basins are called:
maria
lunar eclipse
occurrence caused by Earth's coming between the Sun and the Moon and casting its shadow on the moon.
solar eclipse
occurrence caused by the Moon's being between the Sun and Earth and casting its shadow on Earth
full moon
phase in which all of the lighted side of the Moon can be seen from Earth
The yearly orbit of Earth around the Sun is called:
revolution
Earth ____________ on its axis and ____________ around the Sun
rotates revolves
What is the spinning of Earth on its axis called?
rotation
sphere
round, three-dimensional object and model of Earth
ellipse
shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun
A __________ occurs when the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and throws a shadow on Earth.
solar eclipse
Summer occurs on the hemisphere of Earth that is:
tilted toward the Sun
rotation
turning of Earth on its axis
third quarter
waning Moon phase in which one half of the lighted side of the Moon can be seen from Earth
The phase of the Moon that immediately precedes (happens before) the new Moon is:
waning crescent (going away)
first quarter
waxing Moon phase in which one half of the Moon's lighted surface can be seen from Earth
equinox
when the Sun's rays strike Earth directly at the equator
The Sun's rays strike Earth at their northernmost and southernmost positions during ___________.
winter and summer solstices