Earth Science Chapter 7 Study Guide

What is Earth shaped like?

A sphere

The moon revolves around the...

Earth

When is earth CLOSEST to the sun?

January

Why is a day added to the time at the International Date Line?

Because as you go around the planet, you eventually come back to the same time. 1 day is added so that no spot is experiencing 2 days of the same time.

How do we know the earth's orbit is an ellipse?

Because the distance between Earth and the Sun changes during the year.

What is the shape of the Earth's shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse?

Curved

winter solstice

December 21 or 22

revolution

Earth's yearly orbit around the Sun

When are hours of daylight and nighttime equal?

Equinox

True or False: Earth rotates on its axis about once every year.

FALSE Once every DAY (not year)

True or False: Night and day on Earth are caused by Earth's revolution around the sun.

FALSE Rotation on its axis (not revolution around sun)

True or False: Daylight hours are shorter for the hemisphere that is tilted toward the Sun during the solstice.

FALSE hours are longer (not shorter)

What is the likely reason that the surface of the Moon is so much more rugged than the Earth's surface?

It has had many more meteor strikes due to lack of atmosphere.

new Moon

Moon phase in which NONE of the lighted surface of the Moon can be seen from Earth

new moon

Moon phase in which none of the lighted surface of the Moon can be seen from Earth

waxing

Moon phases in which the amount of lighted surface seen on earth increases

Agree? Does the moon look red during a solar eclipse?

NO

Agree? Were the photographs taken by Clementine intended for use in compiling a detailed map of Earth's surface?

NO

Most of the time, where is the sun located?

North or South of the Equator

True or False: A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth's shadow falls on the Moon.

TRUE

True or False: The new moon can only be photographed during a solar eclipse.

TRUE

True or False: The summer solstice occurs in June in the northern hemisphere and in December in the southern hemisphere.

TRUE

How did Aristotle conclude that Earth's shape was spherical based on an eclipse?

The Earth cast a curved shadow on the moon.

The presence of maria on the Moon indicates that:

The Moon contains lava beneath its surface. ("liquid hot magma" ~Dr. Evil)

Why have only a few people seen a total solar eclipse?

The moon is small compared to the Earth and Sun, so it's shadow on Earth is also small.

What may happen when the Moon enters Earth's umbra during a total lunar eclipse?

The moon may appear red due to sunlight passing through the Earth's atomsphere

True or False: A total solar eclipse can be seen only by people in the area of Earth within the Moon's umbra.

True

What is a solar eclipse?

When the moon comes directly between Earth and the Sun, casting its shadow on the Earth.

When do eclipses occur?

When the sun, moon, and earth line up perfectly

Agree? Does the Sun's gravity have an effect on the Earth's tides?

YES

Agree? If it is summer on one hemisphere, is it winter on the other hemisphere?

YES

Agree? Is the Moon's crust thicker on one side?

YES

Agree? Is the South Pole-Aitken Basin the largest and deepest depression found so far in the solar system?

YES

Agree? Is the South Pole-Aitken Basin the oldest identifiable impact feature on the Moon's surface?

YES

Agree? Might there be ice deposits near the Moon's south pole?

YES

27.3 days

amount of time of the Moon's revolution and rotation

Moon phases

changing appearances of the Moon from Earth

maria

dark-colored, relatively flat regions of the Moon formed from lava filling large basins.

craters

depressions on the Moon caused by the impact of meterorites

axis

imaginary line extending between the poles around which the Earth spins

Dark-colored, relatively flat regions of the Moon's surface that were formed when interior lava filled large basins are called:

maria

lunar eclipse

occurrence caused by Earth's coming between the Sun and the Moon and casting its shadow on the moon.

solar eclipse

occurrence caused by the Moon's being between the Sun and Earth and casting its shadow on Earth

full moon

phase in which all of the lighted side of the Moon can be seen from Earth

The yearly orbit of Earth around the Sun is called:

revolution

Earth ____________ on its axis and ____________ around the Sun

rotates revolves

What is the spinning of Earth on its axis called?

rotation

sphere

round, three-dimensional object and model of Earth

ellipse

shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun

A __________ occurs when the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and throws a shadow on Earth.

solar eclipse

Summer occurs on the hemisphere of Earth that is:

tilted toward the Sun

rotation

turning of Earth on its axis

third quarter

waning Moon phase in which one half of the lighted side of the Moon can be seen from Earth

The phase of the Moon that immediately precedes (happens before) the new Moon is:

waning crescent (going away)

first quarter

waxing Moon phase in which one half of the Moon's lighted surface can be seen from Earth

equinox

when the Sun's rays strike Earth directly at the equator

The Sun's rays strike Earth at their northernmost and southernmost positions during ___________.

winter and summer solstices