Earthquake
The concepts of "stress" and "strain" are related because ________.
"stress" causes "strain"
A Richter magnitude 8 moon quake would be the same intensity no matter if an astronaut was on the moon, earth, or in space. False
False
A large magnitude earthquake produces large intensities everywhere it is felt
False
Body waves pass through any material, while surface waves only pass through rocks.
False
The 1994 Northridge earthquake occurred on a surface strike-slip fault. False
False
The modified Mercalli scale measures earthquake magnitude, based on damage, while the Richter scale measures earthquake intensity, based on energy released.
False
The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the ________.
amplitude of the largest seismic wave
P waves ________.
are faster than S waves and surface waves
When subjected to a differential stress, a very "brittle" material, like glass, will ________.
deform by breaking or elastic bending
Normal, reverse and thrust faults are all examples of:
dip-slip faults
Earthquake prediction is ________.
somewhat good for very long term statistical analyses based on ideas like mapping seismic gaps
overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.
surface wave
Most granitic batholiths represent ________.
the exhumed roots of a subduction related magmatic arc
When saturated soil is shaken during an earthquake, it may lose its strength; this phenomenon is known as:
liquefaction
Tsunamis differ from wind-generated waves by:
longer wave length and higher speed
If a vibration of one inch was produced by a Righter magnitude 4 earthquake, then a magnitude 5 earthquake would increase those vibrations to:
10 inches
Felt earthquakes usually last for ________.
10 to 60 seconds
At least _____ recording station(s) are needed to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter.
3
Which of the following would not describe a thrust fault:
NOT dip-slip faults
Southwestern North America contains a large area called the Basin and Range province. What is the origin of this name?
Ranges are uplifted horst blocks adjacent to basins formed as graben.
The modified Mercalli scale measures earthquake intensity, based on damage, while the Richter scale measures earthquake magnitude, based on energy released.
True
Earthquakes with a very deep focus are usually located along ________.
a convergent boundary such as the Peru-Chile trench
Reverse faults can either shorten or lengthen the earth's crust.
false
The Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, and the Teton Mountains of Wyoming, ranges are examples of
fault blocks uplifted by late Tertiary to Quaternary normal faulting
Monoclines, anticlines, synclines and domes are all examples of ________.
foliation
Which of the following is determined by making direct observations in the area affected by an earthquake?
intensity
Joints oriented in one direction, and approximately parallel, make-up a(n):
joint set
Grabens are formed by what type of faulting?
normal
If a vibration of one inch was produced by a Righter magnitude 4 earthquake, then a magnitude 5 earthquake would increase those vibrations to:
not 20 inches
Liquifaction, where normally solid material behaves more like a fluid during an earthquake, occurs because ________.
pore spaces between particles in unconsolidated sediments close and displace fluids
In a(n) ________ fault, the hanging wall block moves up with respect to the footwall block.
reverse
Surface waves cause most property damage because:
they travel slowly and produce greatest ground movement
Smaller earthquakes before a larger quake are called foreshocks
true
Structural damage from seismic vibrations would be worse ________.
where older buildings were built on a thick layer of sediment