Earthquake

The concepts of "stress" and "strain" are related because ________.

"stress" causes "strain"

A Richter magnitude 8 moon quake would be the same intensity no matter if an astronaut was on the moon, earth, or in space. False

False

A large magnitude earthquake produces large intensities everywhere it is felt

False

Body waves pass through any material, while surface waves only pass through rocks.

False

The 1994 Northridge earthquake occurred on a surface strike-slip fault. False

False

The modified Mercalli scale measures earthquake magnitude, based on damage, while the Richter scale measures earthquake intensity, based on energy released.

False

The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the ________.

amplitude of the largest seismic wave

P waves ________.

are faster than S waves and surface waves

When subjected to a differential stress, a very "brittle" material, like glass, will ________.

deform by breaking or elastic bending

Normal, reverse and thrust faults are all examples of:

dip-slip faults

Earthquake prediction is ________.

somewhat good for very long term statistical analyses based on ideas like mapping seismic gaps

overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.

surface wave

Most granitic batholiths represent ________.

the exhumed roots of a subduction related magmatic arc

When saturated soil is shaken during an earthquake, it may lose its strength; this phenomenon is known as:

liquefaction

Tsunamis differ from wind-generated waves by:

longer wave length and higher speed

If a vibration of one inch was produced by a Righter magnitude 4 earthquake, then a magnitude 5 earthquake would increase those vibrations to:

10 inches

Felt earthquakes usually last for ________.

10 to 60 seconds

At least _____ recording station(s) are needed to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter.

3

Which of the following would not describe a thrust fault:

NOT dip-slip faults

Southwestern North America contains a large area called the Basin and Range province. What is the origin of this name?

Ranges are uplifted horst blocks adjacent to basins formed as graben.

The modified Mercalli scale measures earthquake intensity, based on damage, while the Richter scale measures earthquake magnitude, based on energy released.

True

Earthquakes with a very deep focus are usually located along ________.

a convergent boundary such as the Peru-Chile trench

Reverse faults can either shorten or lengthen the earth's crust.

false

The Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, and the Teton Mountains of Wyoming, ranges are examples of

fault blocks uplifted by late Tertiary to Quaternary normal faulting

Monoclines, anticlines, synclines and domes are all examples of ________.

foliation

Which of the following is determined by making direct observations in the area affected by an earthquake?

intensity

Joints oriented in one direction, and approximately parallel, make-up a(n):

joint set

Grabens are formed by what type of faulting?

normal

If a vibration of one inch was produced by a Righter magnitude 4 earthquake, then a magnitude 5 earthquake would increase those vibrations to:

not 20 inches

Liquifaction, where normally solid material behaves more like a fluid during an earthquake, occurs because ________.

pore spaces between particles in unconsolidated sediments close and displace fluids

In a(n) ________ fault, the hanging wall block moves up with respect to the footwall block.

reverse

Surface waves cause most property damage because:

they travel slowly and produce greatest ground movement

Smaller earthquakes before a larger quake are called foreshocks

true

Structural damage from seismic vibrations would be worse ________.

where older buildings were built on a thick layer of sediment