Earth's interior

inner core

the inner core is a liquid. it also spins a little faster than the rest of the Earth.

mantle (heading)

the mantle is below the crust. it is made of rock and is grouped into four layers.

Earth' score and geomagnetism

the metallic compass needle lines up with the magnetic field surrounding Earth. Earth's spinning core creates the magnetic field.

asthenosphere (definition)

the plastic layer within the mantle

uppermost mantle

the rocks in the uppermost layer in the mantle are brittle and rigid. they are like the rocks in the crust.

mantle (definition)

thick middle layer in the solid part of Earth

magnetosphere (definition)

The outer part of the magnetic field that interacts with charged particles

asthenosphere (heading)

below the lithosphere, rocks are so hot that tiny bits melt. the rocks are no longer brittle. they begin to flow.

what's below Earth's surface?

deep mines and wells give scientists hints about Earth's interior. drilling really deep is extremely difficult so they can send instruments down to make observations and bring samples to the surface.

Earth's layers

difference in density resulted in materials within Earth, forming layers. each layer has a different composition, with the densest material in the center of Earth.

magnetosphere (heading)

earth's magnetic field protect Earth from cosmic rays and charged particles coming from the sun. it pushes away some charged particles and traps others.

outer core

just like in the asthenosphere, the effects of temperature outweigh the effects of pressure in the outer core. scientists use the indirect method of analyzing earthquake waves and learned that Earth's outer core is liquid.

upper mantle and lower mantle

night pressure squeezed the rock into a solid. this solid rock of the upper mantle forms the largest layer of Earth.

Earth's magnetic field

The magnetic field acts much like a giant bar magnet. it has opposite poles

clues to Earth's interior

scientists can't see what is inside of Earth. but they can use indirect methods to discover what Earth's interior is like.

using earthquake waves

scientists get most of their evidence about Earth's interior by analyzing earthquake waves. by studying how the waves move, scientists are able to infer the density and composition of materials within Earth.

lithosphere

scientists group the crust and the uppermost mantle into a rigid layer called the ______

temperature and pressure increase with depth

temperature and increase with the depth in the geosphere. no one has aver recorded the temperature of Earth's center, but it is estimated to be about 6,000 degrees Celsius.

crust (definition)

the brittle, rocky outer layer of Earth

core (heading)

the core has a liquid outer core. the inner core is solid.

Crust (heading)

the crust is much thinner than the layers. it is the least dense layer of the geosphere.

core (definition)

the dense metallic center of Earth