eBook_ Bone, Cartilage, and Long Bone

Compact bone...

-is composed of tubular units called osteons.

This figure shows the gross anatomy of a long bone. Which number indicates the medullary cavity?

-3

This figure shows the gross anatomy of a long bone. Which number indicates the periosteum?

-5

Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity? -Gravity -Mechanical stress -Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels -Blood calcium level -All of the choices are correct

-All of the choices are correct.

Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called?

-Appositional growth.

Check all that are a function of bone.

-Blood cell production. -Movement. -Support and protection. -Storage of minerals and energy reserves.

What gives bone its flexibility?

-Collagen fibers.

Which type of cartilage would be punctured if you chose to pierce the auricle of your ear?

-Elastic cartilage.

If you look at the cross section of a long bone under a microscope, the rings of bone immediately internal to the periosteum of the bone are called?

-External circumferential lamellae.

In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken them and lead to more frequent fractures. (True or False)

-False.

Once we reach adulthood and our bones are fully formed and hardened, they cannot be remodeled. (True or False)

-False.

Osteons run perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone. (True or False)

-False.

Which type of cartilage is described as follows: matrix with thick collagen fibers; lacks perichondrium; resists stretching and compression?

-Fibrocartilage.

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

-Fibrocartilage.

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

-Gel-like ground substance. -Matrix of protein fibers. -Cells called chondrocytes. -Avascular

Which is not a function of bone? -Protection -Mineral storage -Body movement -Hormone synthesis -Hemopoiesis

-Hormone synthesis.

Which is found joining the ribs to the sternum?

-Hyaline Cartilage

Which is the most abundant type of cartilage in the body?

-Hyaline cartilage.

What gives bone its compressional strength?

-Inorganic salts.

The organization of the trabeculae in spongy bone serves what purposes?

-It increase the density of long bones. -It provides resistance of stresses from many different directions. -It decreases the weight of long bones.

Which is not true about periosteum? -It includes outer fibrous and inner cellular layers. -It is composed of dense regular connective tissue. -It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair. -It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

-It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Which is not true about bone remodeling?

-It occurs only at articular surfaces.

What are the functions of cartilage?

-Muscle contraction. -Supporting soft tissues. -Provide a model for the formation of most bones in the body.

Which hormone inhibits rather than stimulates bone growth?

-Parathyroid hormone.

The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called _____ fibers.

-Perforating

Which is not stored in bone? -Calcium -Lipid -Phosphate -Fat -Protein

-Protein.

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

-Red bone marrow.

Which is not a function of cartilage? -Provides support for certain soft tissues. -Synthesizes red blood cells. -Forms gliding surface at articulations. -Serves as model for bone formation. -No exceptions; all of the choices are functions of cartilage.

-Synthesizes red blood cells.

Check all that are examples of long bones.

-Tibia. -Patella (kneecap). -Humerus (bone of the arm).

Does cartilage serve as a model for bone growth? (True or False)

-True

Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone. (True or False)

-True.

Mature cartilage is avascular. (True or False)

-True.

Movement of the teeth during orthodontic treatment is a result of bone remodeling. (True or False)

-True.

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells; osteoclasts are bone-dissolving cells. (True or False)

-True.

Which vitamin is required for the normal synthesis of collagen?

-Vitamin C.

In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.

-canaliculi

During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the...

-chondroblasts..

The shaft of a long bone is called the __________, while the expanded, knobby region at each end is called the __________.

-diaphysis -epiphysis

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed...

-endochondral ossification.

The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin layer of connective tissue called the?

-endosteum.

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) _________ model.

-hyaline cartilage

Cells that produce new bone tissue by secreting matrix are called?

-osteoblasts.

Bone cells called __________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

-osteoclasts

Match the part of a long bone with its description.

Contains bone marrow: Medullary Cavity Covers the outer surface of bone: Periosteum Contains the growth plate: Metaphysis Covers all internal surfaces of the bone: Endosteum.

Match the type of long bone growth with its description.

Growth in length: Interstitial growth Growth in thickness: Appositional growth

Tell whether each bone is a long, short, irregular, or flat bone.

Scapula (shoulder blade): Flat bone Femur (bone of the thigh): Long bone Carpals (wrist bone): Short bone Vertebral (bone of the spine): Irregular bone

Match the type of cartilage with one if of its locations.

Trachea: Hyaline Cartilage Pubic symphysis: Fibrocartilage Fleshy, external part of the ear: Elastic cartilage