eBook_ Bone, Cartilage, and Long Bone
Compact bone...
-is composed of tubular units called osteons.
This figure shows the gross anatomy of a long bone. Which number indicates the medullary cavity?
-3
This figure shows the gross anatomy of a long bone. Which number indicates the periosteum?
-5
Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity? -Gravity -Mechanical stress -Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels -Blood calcium level -All of the choices are correct
-All of the choices are correct.
Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called?
-Appositional growth.
Check all that are a function of bone.
-Blood cell production. -Movement. -Support and protection. -Storage of minerals and energy reserves.
What gives bone its flexibility?
-Collagen fibers.
Which type of cartilage would be punctured if you chose to pierce the auricle of your ear?
-Elastic cartilage.
If you look at the cross section of a long bone under a microscope, the rings of bone immediately internal to the periosteum of the bone are called?
-External circumferential lamellae.
In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken them and lead to more frequent fractures. (True or False)
-False.
Once we reach adulthood and our bones are fully formed and hardened, they cannot be remodeled. (True or False)
-False.
Osteons run perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone. (True or False)
-False.
Which type of cartilage is described as follows: matrix with thick collagen fibers; lacks perichondrium; resists stretching and compression?
-Fibrocartilage.
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
-Fibrocartilage.
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
-Gel-like ground substance. -Matrix of protein fibers. -Cells called chondrocytes. -Avascular
Which is not a function of bone? -Protection -Mineral storage -Body movement -Hormone synthesis -Hemopoiesis
-Hormone synthesis.
Which is found joining the ribs to the sternum?
-Hyaline Cartilage
Which is the most abundant type of cartilage in the body?
-Hyaline cartilage.
What gives bone its compressional strength?
-Inorganic salts.
The organization of the trabeculae in spongy bone serves what purposes?
-It increase the density of long bones. -It provides resistance of stresses from many different directions. -It decreases the weight of long bones.
Which is not true about periosteum? -It includes outer fibrous and inner cellular layers. -It is composed of dense regular connective tissue. -It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair. -It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
-It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
Which is not true about bone remodeling?
-It occurs only at articular surfaces.
What are the functions of cartilage?
-Muscle contraction. -Supporting soft tissues. -Provide a model for the formation of most bones in the body.
Which hormone inhibits rather than stimulates bone growth?
-Parathyroid hormone.
The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called _____ fibers.
-Perforating
Which is not stored in bone? -Calcium -Lipid -Phosphate -Fat -Protein
-Protein.
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
-Red bone marrow.
Which is not a function of cartilage? -Provides support for certain soft tissues. -Synthesizes red blood cells. -Forms gliding surface at articulations. -Serves as model for bone formation. -No exceptions; all of the choices are functions of cartilage.
-Synthesizes red blood cells.
Check all that are examples of long bones.
-Tibia. -Patella (kneecap). -Humerus (bone of the arm).
Does cartilage serve as a model for bone growth? (True or False)
-True
Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone. (True or False)
-True.
Mature cartilage is avascular. (True or False)
-True.
Movement of the teeth during orthodontic treatment is a result of bone remodeling. (True or False)
-True.
Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells; osteoclasts are bone-dissolving cells. (True or False)
-True.
Which vitamin is required for the normal synthesis of collagen?
-Vitamin C.
In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.
-canaliculi
During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the...
-chondroblasts..
The shaft of a long bone is called the __________, while the expanded, knobby region at each end is called the __________.
-diaphysis -epiphysis
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed...
-endochondral ossification.
The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin layer of connective tissue called the?
-endosteum.
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) _________ model.
-hyaline cartilage
Cells that produce new bone tissue by secreting matrix are called?
-osteoblasts.
Bone cells called __________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
-osteoclasts
Match the part of a long bone with its description.
Contains bone marrow: Medullary Cavity Covers the outer surface of bone: Periosteum Contains the growth plate: Metaphysis Covers all internal surfaces of the bone: Endosteum.
Match the type of long bone growth with its description.
Growth in length: Interstitial growth Growth in thickness: Appositional growth
Tell whether each bone is a long, short, irregular, or flat bone.
Scapula (shoulder blade): Flat bone Femur (bone of the thigh): Long bone Carpals (wrist bone): Short bone Vertebral (bone of the spine): Irregular bone
Match the type of cartilage with one if of its locations.
Trachea: Hyaline Cartilage Pubic symphysis: Fibrocartilage Fleshy, external part of the ear: Elastic cartilage