ECG module quiz questions
b. Ion
A charged atom or molecule is known by what name? a. Neutron b. Ion c. Insulator d. Protein e. Electromagnetic radiation
b. An inverted p-wave in Leads I and aVL. An upright p-wave in aVL does not guarantee a normal p-wave axis -- you can see this with ectopic low right atrial rhythms. The p wave should be upright in I and aVF in Normal Sinus Rhythm
All of the following can be seen in a Normal Sinus Rhythm EXCEPT: a. A heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute. b. An inverted p-wave in Leads I and aVL. c. A PR interval between 120 and 200 milliseconds. d. Sinus Arrhythmia is present. e. One-to-one association between P-waves and QRS complexes.
b. Sinus Bradycardia, First Degree AV Block, and a Blocked PAC
Examine the rhythm strip below and select the correct diagnosis from the choices given. a. Sinus Bradycardia with Type 1 Second Degree AV Block b. Sinus Bradycardia, First Degree AV Block, and a Blocked PAC c. Sinus Bradycardia with High Grade AV Block d. Sinus Bradycardia, First Degree AV Block and Marked Sinus Arrhythmia e. Sinus Bradycardia with Type 2 Second Degree AV Block
c. Third Degree (Complete) Heart Block
Examine the strip below and select the answer that describes the proper diagnosis. a. Accelerated Junctional Rhythm b. Type 2 Second Degree AV Block c. Third Degree (Complete) Heart Block d. High Grade AV Block e. Severe Sinus Bradycardia
e. The QRS is wide and the PR is short because of pre-excitation. The blue arrow is the delta wave.
Looking at the ECG below, what is going on? a. The QRS is only a little wide because of a non-specific IVCD, marked with the blue arrow. b. There is no blue arrow. This is a trick question. c. There is a permanent pacemaker. The blue arrow points to the pacing spike. d. The QRS is wide and the PR is normal. It's a Left Bundle Branch Block with a slurred upstroke. e. The QRS is wide and the PR is short because of pre-excitation. The blue arrow is the delta wave.
Lead I: Right arm --> left arm Lead II: Right arm --> left leg Lead III: left arm --> left leg
Match the ECG Lead with the proper limb combination that makes up that lead. Lead I, Lead II, Lead III Right arm --> left leg Right arm --> left arm right arm --> right leg left arm --> right leg left arm --> left leg
e. Atrial Tachycardia with 2:1 conduction You can see that there are 2 p-waves for every QRS complex, especially in Leads I and V1. The atrial rate is about 190 bpm, so it's Atrial Tachycardia with 2:1 conduction.
Please identify the rhythm in the ECG below. a. Sinus Tachycardia b. Ectopic Atrial Rhythm c. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia d. Normal Sinus Rhythm e. Atrial Tachycardia with 2:1 conduction
d. Type I Second Degree AV Block.
Select the correct diagnosis to describe the rhythm below. a. 4:3 Wenckebach. b. Non-conducted Atrial Trigeminy. c. Type II Second Degree AV Block. d. Type I Second Degree AV Block. e. Sinus Rhythm with marked Sinus Arrhythmia.
e. Atrial Premature Beat
Select the correct type of ectopic beat in the rhythm strip below. a. Atrial Premature Beat with Aberrant Conduction b. Junctional Premature Beat c. Non-conducted Atrial Premature Beat d. Ventricular Premature Beat e. Atrial Premature Beat
b. Ventricular Premature Beat
Select the correct type of ectopic beat marked with the blue asterisk. a. Non-conducted Atrial Premature Beat b. Ventricular Premature Beat c. Junctional Premature Beat d. Atrial Premature Beat e. Atrial Premature Beat with Aberrant Conduction
a. Atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response.
Select the diagnosis that best fits the rhythm in the following ECG: a. Atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response. b. Atrial tachycardia with variable block. c. Atrial fibrillation with underlying second degree AV Block d. Atrial fibrillation with complete AV block e. Junctional rhythm with atrial premature beats.
a. 100 bpm
What is the approximate heart rate in the tracing below: a. 100 bpm b. 75 bpm c. 75 bpm d. 110 bpm e. 120 bpm
120 bpm
Calculate the heart rate in the strip below and enter it as a whole number (e.g. 50).
c. PR Segment
The AV Nodal delay is responsible for which part of the ECG signal: a. T wave b. ST Segment c. PR Segment d. P Wave e. QRS Complex
d. It is not preceeded by a "long-short" timing cycle. If it were aberrantly conducted atrial fibrillation (i.e. Ashmann's) then there would be a pause preceeding the beat before it ("long-short"). Therefore, since this specific pattern is absent, it is more likely ventricular tachycardia. All the other findings can also occur in aberrancy.
What finding can you use to argue that the wide complex run seen below is more likely ventricular tachycardia? a. The QRS is wider than the other beats. b. The QRS appears different from the underlying AFib. c. It's rapid d. It is not preceeded by a "long-short" timing cycle. e. It's irregular
d. The bundle branch is only blocked under certain conditions, such as during a rapid heart rate or with premature beats.
A "Functional" Bundle Branch Block means which of the following: a. The branch is blocked but it nevertheless functions normally. b. The bundle branch block is related to the presence of poor left ventricular function. c. The aberrancy is due to AV node dysfunction. d. The bundle branch is only blocked under certain conditions, such as during a rapid heart rate or with premature beats. e. The QRS duration is less than 120 msec.
b. The ECG vector is traveling perpendicular to aVL.
A patient is connected to a cardiac monitor and Lead aVL is selected. The monitor is not picking up a large signal. What is the reason for this? a. The monitor unit is faulty. Call Biomed. b. The ECG vector is traveling perpendicular to aVL. c. The ECG vector is traveling perpendicular to Lead II. d. The patient is in atrial fibrillation. e. One of the electrodes has come loose.
a. direction.
A vector is a scientific term used to define a force having both amplitude and... a. direction. b. velocity. c. positivity. d. mass. e. magnitude
d. Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome Tachy-Brady Syndrome is a form of sinus node dysfunction characterized by sinus bradycardia and paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias. It does not affect the width of the QRS complex. WPW Syndrome results in widening of the QRS, shortening of the PR interval, and a Delta wave. Ventricular pacing would be expected to cause a very wide QRS because the depolarization is not taking the normal pathways. Any bundle branch block causes widening of the QRS complex.
All of the following are generally associated with a wide QRS complex EXCEPT: a. Left Bundle Branch Block b. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome c. Ventricular Pacing d. Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome e. Right Bundle Branch Block
a. 358 msec Bazett's formula is: QTc = QT x 1 / SquareRoot of RR in seconds QTc = 320 x 1 / SquareRoot of 0.8 QTc = 320 x 1 / 0.8944 Another way of doing it is by DIVIDING the QT by the SquareRoot of the RR.... So then QTc = 320 / 0.8944 ---> it gives the same answer. The correct answer is: 358 msec
An ECG shows a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a QT interval of 320 msec. Using Bazett's formula, the calculated QTc would be: a. 358 msec b. 380 msec c. 342 msec d. 304 msec e. 320 msec
e. Ventricular fibrillation You cannot see the underlying QT interval or how the tachycardia started, it is not appropriate to label this as Torsades.
Choose the best diagnosis for the strip below. a. Atrial fibrillation with aberrant conduction b. Artifact c. Pre-excitation (WPW Syndrome) d. Torsades de Pointes e. Ventricular fibrillation
d. The presence of a bundle branch block.
During atrial flutter, which of the following would NOT affect the ventricular rate. a. The presence of AV nodal blocking drugs. b. Age of the patient c. The atrial rate. d. The presence of a bundle branch block. e. Effects of the Autonomic Nervous System
e. Sinus Rhythm with High Grade 2nd degree AV Block.
Examine the ECG below and choose the best correct diagnosis. a. Sinus Rhythm with Third Degree AV Block. b. Sinus Bradycardia with First Degree AV Block. c. Sinus Rhythm with Type II Second Degree AV Block. d. Sinus Rhythm with Type I Second Degree AV Block e. Sinus Rhythm with High Grade 2nd degree AV Block.
c. Type II Second Degree AV Block.
Examine the ECG below and identify the correct diagnosis. a. Sinus Rhythm with 3:2 Wenckebach. b. Type I Second Degree AV Block. c. Type II Second Degree AV Block. d. Non-conducted Atrial Trigeminy. e. High Grade Second Degree AV Block.
e. Sinus Rhythm with Third Degree AV Block.
Examine the ECG below and identify the correct rhythm diagnosis. a. Sinus Rhythm with Type I Second Degree AV Block. b. Accelerated Junctional Rhythm with AV Dissociation. c. Sinus Rhythm with High Grade Second Degree AV Block. d. Sinus Rhythm with Type II Second Degree AV Block. e. Sinus Rhythm with Third Degree AV Block.
c. Atrial Flutter with 2:1 conduction
Examine the ECG below and select the best description for the arrhythmia shown. a. Atrial Tachycardia with variable conduction b. Sinus Tachycardia with Atrial Premature Beats c. Atrial Flutter with 2:1 conduction d. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia e. Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia
b. Ventricular Quadrigeminy The ECG shows ventricular ectopics -- note the retrograde P waves. The ectopics are every fourth beat, hence, Ventricular Quadrigeminy.
Examine the ECG below and select the correct arrhythmia diagnosis. a. Atrial Trigeminy with aberrant conduction b. Ventricular Quadrigeminy c. Ventricular Trigeminy d. Frequent PACs with aberrancy e. Artifact
d. Type 2 Second Degree AV Block
Examine the ECG below. Select the correct answer from the choices. a. Type 1 Second Degree AV Block b. Complete (Third Degree) AV Block c. Sinus Bradycardia with Atrial Bigeminy d. Type 2 Second Degree AV Block e. Blocked PACs (premature atrial contractions).
e. Sinus Arrest
Examine the continuous rhythm strip below. Select the correct diagnosis from the list. a. Complete AV Block b. Type 2 Second Degree AV Block c. Artifact -- the ECG leads fell off the patient. d. Type 1 Second Degree AV Block e. Sinus Arrest
b. Atrial Flutter with Variable AV Conduction It cannot be PSVT because it becomes irregular at the end of the strip, where flutter waves become clearly visible.
Examine the entire rhythm strip below and select the correct diagnosis from the choices below. a. Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia b. Atrial Flutter with Variable AV Conduction c. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) d. Sinus Tachycardia with Type 1 Second Degree AV Block e. Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response
b. Sinus Bradycardia with Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm (AIVR)
Examine the rhythm strip below and select the best answer from the choices below. a. Atrial Tachycardia with Aberrant Conduction b. Sinus Bradycardia with Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm (AIVR) c. Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation with Aberrant Conduction d. Intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White e. Pacemaker Malfunction
d. Supraventricular Tachycardia The rate (180 bpm) is too fast to be Atrial Flutter with 2:1 conduction
Examine the rhythm strip below and select the most likely diagnosis from the choices given. a. Atrial Flutter with 2:1 Conduction b. Sinus Tachycardia c. Ventricular Tachycardia d. Supraventricular Tachycardia e. Atrial Fibrillation with a Rapid Ventricular Response
c. Post-tachycardia sinus pause in a patient with Tachy-Brady Syndrome The sinus p-wave shows the rhythm has changed and artifact is highly unlikely.
Examine the rhythm strip below. Choose the most correct answer for the diagnosis. a. Artifact - the ECG lead fell off the patient. b. Complete AV block with premature atrial contractions c. Post-tachycardia sinus pause in a patient with Tachy-Brady Syndrome d. Vagal reaction with dramatic sinus pause. e. Paroxysmal AV Block in a patient with permanent atrial fibrillation
b. Type 1 Second Degree AV Block
Examine the rhythm strip below. Select the correct ECG diagnosis. a. Complete (Third Degree) AV Block b. Type 1 Second Degree AV Block c. Frequent Blocked PACs (premature atrial contractions) d. NSR with 1st degree AV Block e. Type 2 Second Degree AV Block
a. Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia
Examine the strip below and select the correct diagnosis from the choices below. a. Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia b. Atrial Fibrillation with Aberrant Conduction c. Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm (AIVR) d. Intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome e. Supraventricular Tachycardia with Aberrant Conduction
c. Torsades de Pointes The Long QT and the rapid, wide, polymorphic QRS complexes give the diagnosis of Torsades
Examine the strip below. Select the answer that best describes the arrhythmia. a. Artifact- noise coming from a loose ECG electrode b. Ventricular Fibrillation c. Torsades de Pointes d. Monomorphic Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia e. Atrial fibrillation with Aberrant Conduction
The wide QRS beat has a p-wave in front of it, making it a PAC with aberrant conduction
Examine the strip below. Select the correct diagnosis from the choices given. a. Type 2 Second Degree AV Block b. Atrial fibrillation with a moderate ventricular response c. Sinus Rhythm with Marked Sinus Arrhythmia and PVCs d. Sinus Rhythm with PACs, some aberrantly conducted. e. Sinus Rhythm with PACs and PVCs
the wide QRS runs are both preceded by a clear p-wave that is premature enough to conduct aberrantly. a. NSR with bursts of Atrial Tachycardia with Aberrant Conduction
Examine the strip below. Select the correct diagnosis from the choices provided. a. NSR with bursts of Atrial Tachycardia with Aberrant Conduction b. Artifact - someone is shaking the ECG wires c. Torsades de Pointes d. NSR with Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia e. Intermittent ventricular pacing
a. Polymorphic Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia
Examine the three-lead rhythm strip below. Select the BEST answer that describes the arrhythmia seen on the strip. a. Polymorphic Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia b. Runs of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation with Aberrant Conduction c. Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia d. Artifact -- the patient had an itch e. Torsades de Pointes
d. Atrial Flutter with 4:1 conduction
Identify the correct rhythm diagnosis for the ECG below. a. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia b. Atrial Flutter with 2:1 conduction c. Atrial Flutter with 3:1 conduction d. Atrial Flutter with 4:1 conduction e. Atypical Atrial Flutter with variable AV conduction
e. Atypical Atrial Flutter with variable AV conduction
Identify the correct rhythm diagnosis for the ECG below. a. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia b. Sinus Tachycardia with Atrial Premature Beats c. Atrial Flutter with 2:1 conduction d. Atrial Tachycardia with variable conduction e. Atypical Atrial Flutter with variable AV conduction
e. Artifact
Identify the nature of the rhythm below: a. Sequential PVCs b. Atrial flutter c. Atrial fibrillation with Aberrancy d. Ventricular Tachycardia e. Artifact
d. Sinus Tachycardia
Identify the rhythm in the following ECG: a. Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia b. Marked Sinus Arrhythmia c. Sinus Bradycardia d. Sinus Tachycardia e. Normal Sinus Rhythm
d. Signals traveling perpendicular to the electrodes will record the largest deflection.
In a bipolar electrical recording system, which of the following statements is NOT true: a. Two recording electrodes are used to detect electrical signals. b. A voltmeter is used to detect electrical differences. c. Signals traveling parallel to the electrodes will record the largest deflection d. Signals traveling perpendicular to the electrodes will record the largest deflection.
c. PR = 120 ms; QRS = 100 ms
Measure the PR interval and the QRS duration in the following tracing and select the correct values from the list below: a. PR = 160 ms; QRS = 100 ms b. PR = 200 ms; QRS = 110 ms c. PR = 120 ms; QRS = 100 ms d. PR = 160 ms; QRS = 120 ms e. PR = 120 ms; QRS = 120 ms
e. Rate = 65 - 70 bpm; PR = 160 ms; QRS = 80 ms; QT 400 ms
Please examine the ECG below. Measure the intervals, then choose the correct response. a. Rate = 65-70 bpm; PR = 120 ms; QRS = 100 ms; QT 400 ms b. Rate = 65 - 75 bpm; PR = 120 ms; QRS = 120 ms; QT = 500 ms c. Rate = 55-60 bpm; PR = 120 ms; QRS = 80 ms; QT 500 ms d. Rate = 75 - 85 bpm; PR = 160 ms; QRS = 120 ms; QT 400 ms e. Rate = 65 - 70 bpm; PR = 160 ms; QRS = 80 ms; QT 400 ms
b. Sinus Rhythm with 1st Degree AV Block and a PVC. The rate is below 100 so it is not sinus tachycardia. The wide beat is a PVC.
Please examine the strip below and select the correct diagnosis for the arrhythmia that is present. a. Sinus rhythm, 1st degree AV Block, and a Premature Atrial Contraction with Aberrant Conduction b. Sinus Rhythm with 1st Degree AV Block and a PVC. c. Sinus Tachycardia with a Premature Ventricular Contraction d. Atrial Flutter with 2:1 conduction and intermittent aberrancy. e. Sinus Tachycardia with 1st Degree AV Block and a PAC.
c. Sinus Bradycardia
Please identify the rhythm disturbance shown below: a. Normal Sinus Rhythm b. Sinus Tachycardia c. Sinus Bradycardia d. Sinoatrial Exit Block e. Sinus Arrest
b. Atrial Fibrillation with a Rapid Ventricular Response The QRS complexes are too narrow to be ventricular in origin, and they all look the same (they are not "polymorphic")
Select the answer that best describes the rhythm strip below. a. Sustained Supraventricular Tachycardia b. Atrial Fibrillation with a Rapid Ventricular Response c. Torsades de Pointes d. Sustained Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia e. Atrial Flutter with 2:1 conduction
b. Atrial Tachycardia with AV Block
Select the best diagnosis for the ECG below: a. Atrial Tachycardia with 2:1 Conduction b. Atrial Tachycardia with AV Block c. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia d. Atrial Tachycardia with Aberrancy e. Supraventricular Tachycardia
b. Atrial Tachycardia
Select the best diagnosis for the ECG below: a. Atrial Tachycardia with Aberrancy b. Atrial Tachycardia c. Atrial Tachycardia with Block d. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia e. Ventricular Tachycardia
b. Supraventricular Tachycardia
Select the best diagnosis for the ECG below: a. Atrial Tachycardia with Aberrancy b. Supraventricular Tachycardia c. Junctional Tachycardia d. Sinus Tachycardia e. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
d. Atrial Tachycardia with Aberrancy
Select the best diagnosis for the ECG below: a. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia b. Junctional Tachycardia c. Supraventricular Tachycardia d. Atrial Tachycardia with Aberrancy e. Ventricular Tachycardia
c. Atrial fibrillation with a moderate ventricular response
Select the best interpretation for the strip below: a. Atrial flutter with variable response b. Sinus rhythm with excessive artifact c. Atrial fibrillation with a moderate ventricular response d. Sinus rhythm with frequent PACs e. Multifocal atrial tachycardia
b. Sinus Tachycardia
Select the most correct description for the rhythm below: a. Sinus Arrhythmia b. Sinus Tachycardia c. Sinus Bradycardia d. Normal Sinus Rhythm
d. Sinus Bradycardia
Select the proper rhythm diagnosis for the tracing below. a. Marked Sinus Arrhythmia b. Sinus Tachycardia c. Normal Sinus Rhythm d. Sinus Bradycardia e. Ectopic Atrial Rhythm
c. Sinus Tachycardia
Sinus node dysfunction can present with any of the following findings EXCEPT: a. Sinoatrial Exit Block b. Sinus Pauses c. Sinus Tachycardia d. Sinus Bradycardia e. Chronotropic Incompetence
a. Mid-axillary line in 5th intercostal space
The V6 electrode should be located: a. Mid-axillary line in 5th intercostal space b. Anterior axillary line in 5th intercostal space c. Mid-axillary line in 6th intercostal space d. Anterior axillary line in 6th intercostal space
b. Striations
The contractile proteins in the heart muscle cell or myocyte that cause the cell to shorten and allow the heart to beat can be seen under the microscope. They are called: a. Nucleus b. Striations c. Cytoplasm d. DNA e. Ribosomes
a. Post-tachycardia sinus pause (seen in Tachy-Brady Syndrome)
The diagnosis for the strip below is most likely: (HINT: Patient is in AF at the beginning, then is in sinus rhythm at the end of the strip) Select one: a. Post-tachycardia sinus pause (seen in Tachy-Brady Syndrome) b. Complete AV Block c. Functional bundle branch block d. ECG Lead fell off of the patient e. Sinoatrial Exit block
d. Bachman's Bundle
The electrical connection between the left atrium and the right atrium is called: a. The superior vena cava b. The pulmonary artery c. The Bundle of His d. Bachman's Bundle e. The Crista Terminalis
e. voltmeter
The function of an ECG machine is most similar to a _____. a. battery b. conductor c. switch d. insulator e. voltmeter
d. Sinus rhythm with ventricular bigeminy
The most correct ECG interpretation for the tracing below is: a. Intermittent pre-excitation (WPW) b. 3:2 Wenckebach block c. Atrial bigeminy with aberrant conduction d. Sinus rhythm with ventricular bigeminy e. Motion artifact
b. Atrial fibrillation with functional aberrancy (Ashmann's phenomenon). Ashmann's phenomenon occurs during atrial fibrillation because a random pause causes the bundle branches to take longer to recover, and so if a quick beat comes down the AV node it can conduction with a bundle branch block. This creates a characteristic "Long-Short" pattern as shown below. Sometimes a whole run of aberrant "Ashmann" beats can be seen, until the next pause in AV conduction, where the bundle branches recover and the QRS becomes narrow again.
The most likely cause of the widened QRS complexes (marked with a "V") is: a. Sinus tachycardia with a run of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. b. Atrial fibrillation with functional aberrancy (Ashmann's phenomenon). c. Atrial tachycardia with Wenckebach Block d. Artifact e. Atrial fibrillation with an underlying Right Bundle Branch Block
e. Atrial tachycardia with functional aberrancy
The most likely diagnosis for this strip is: a. Artifact b. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia c. Atrial fibrillation d. Torsades de pointes e. Atrial tachycardia with functional aberrancy
a. the transition point.
The point on the chest wall where the normal R-wave progression of the precordial QRS complex results in an R-wave that is larger than the S-wave is called... a. the transition point. b. the point of maximal impulse. c. the equilateral point. d. Erb's point. e. Eintoven's point.
a. fluctuations in the parasympathetic (vagal) nervous system.
The presence of Sinus Arrhythmia generally occurs because of: a. fluctuations in the parasympathetic (vagal) nervous system. b. the presence of sinus node dysfunction. c. fluctuations in the sympathetic nervous system. d. artifactual changes in R to R intervals. e. generalized conduction system disease.
a. High grade AV Block
The rhythm strip below shows which of the following: a. High grade AV Block b. Complete AV Block c. Type II 2nd degree AV Block d. Severe Sinus Bradycardia e. Non-conducted atrial bigeminy
c. 1 mm = 0.1 mV
The small (1mm) boxes of ECG paper, when set to "standard" calibration, have which of the following amplitude measurements: a. 1 mm = 1 mV b. 1 mm = 10 mV c. 1 mm = 0.1 mV d. 1 mm = 0.01 mV
a. 200 msec
The time interval associated with one large box (5 small boxes) on standard ECG paper running at standard speed is equal to: a. 200 msec b. 400 msec c. 40 msec d. 1 second e. 1/20 second
b. R
The upgoing wave labeled with a red asterisk in the diagram below would be named: a. Q b. R c. T d. S e. R' (R-prime)
b. Ventricular tachycardia
The wide complex tachycardia is due to what mechanism? a. Functional bundle branch block b. Ventricular tachycardia c. Atrial tachycardia with aberrant conduction d. Atrial fibrillation with aberrancy e. Ashman's Phenomenon
a. down and toward the patient's left.
Under normal circumstances, atrial and ventricular activity mainly travel: a. down and toward the patient's left. b. mainly towards the anterior chest wall. c. in a circular pattern. d. toward the vector defined by aVL. e. down and toward the patient's right.
c. midway between V2 and V4.
V3 should be located: a. above the left nipple. b. in the 4th intercostal space. c. midway between V2 and V4. d. below the left nipple. e. at the left parasternal border.
b. A switch.
What component "opens" and "closes" a simple electrical circuit.... a. A resistance b. A switch. c. A wire d. A transistor. e. A voltmeter.
e. Atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response.
What diagnosis best describes the ECG shown below? a. Supraventricular tachycardia b. Accelerated junctional rhythm with atrial premature beats. c. Sinus tachycardia with frequent atrial premature beats. d. Atrial flutter with 2:1 conduction. e. Atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response.
a. Atrial Premature Beats with Aberrant Conduction
What diagnosis best describes the premature beats seen below. a. Atrial Premature Beats with Aberrant Conduction b. Non-conducted Atrial Bigeminy c. Ventricular Premature Beats d. Junctional Premature Beats e. Atrial Premature Beats
e. Chronotropic Incompetance
What form of sinus node dysfunction causes an inability of the sinus node to increase appropriately with exercise? a. SA Exit Block b. Nocturnal Sinus Bradycardia c. Resting Sinus Bradycardia d. Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome e. Chronotropic Incompetance
a. Non-conducted ("Blocked") PAC There is a non-conducted P-wave just after the T-wave of the third beat (see below).
What is responsible for the pause in the rhythm strip below: a. Non-conducted ("Blocked") PAC b. Type 2 Second Degree AV Block c. Marked Sinus Arrhythmia d. Sinus Pause e. SA Exit Block
e. Non-conducted PAC
What is the cause of the pause in the strip below: a. Type II 2nd degree AV Block b. Sinus pause c. Artifact d. Type I 2nd degree AV Block e. Non-conducted PAC
a. Left Bundle Branch Block Correct the deeply negative QRS complexes in V1-V3 and the upright notched R-S-R' in I and aVL are characteristic of LBBB.
What is the most likely reason for the widened QRS complex in the tracing below: a. Left Bundle Branch Block b. Pre-excitation (WPW Syndrome) c. Type II Second Degree AV Block d. Permanent Pacemaker e. Rate Related IVCD
c. AV Dissociation is present. These are all good reasons to call this Ventricular Tachycardia. However, the HALLMARK of VT is AV Dissociation...that PROVES it's VT. You can see dissociated P-waves between beats 2 and 3 and again between beats 5 and 6 of the wide QRS run.
What is the most specific finding that you can see to prove that the strip below is ventricular tachycardia? a. The QRS is wide. b. The rate of the wide complex run is faster than the sinus rate c. AV Dissociation is present. d. The QRS looks different from the underlying sinus rhythm. e. The PR interval of the first beat is too short for that P-wave to have conducted
a. The patient has a permanent pacemaker.
What is the reason for the IVCD in the ECG below. a. The patient has a permanent pacemaker. b. The QRS isn't wide, you're just imagining it. c. The patient has a bundle branch block. d. The patient has slow ventricular tachycardia. e. The patient has WPW Syndrome.
a. Potassium rushes out of the cell, restoring the resting membrane potential.
What occurs during repolarization of a cardiac myocyte? a. Potassium rushes out of the cell, restoring the resting membrane potential. b. The cell becomes positive on the inside. c. The cell begins to faintly glow. d. Rapid sodium channels close, stopping the flow of sodium into the cell. e. Sodium rushes out of the cell, restoring the resting membrane potential of 0mV.
a. Sinus Pause
What would be the correct diagnosis for the rhythm strip below: a. Sinus Pause b. Sinus Bradycardia c. Sinus Arrest d. Post-Tachycardia Pause e. Artifact
a. Complete (third degree) AV Block
What would be the most correct diagnosis for the ECG below: a. Complete (third degree) AV Block b. Type I 2nd Degree AV Block c. Blocked (non-conducted) PACs d. Type II 2nd Degree AV Block e. Severe Sinus Bradycardia
a. In the atrial septum
Where in the heart is the AV Node located? a. In the atrial septum b. In the right atrial appendage c. In the right ventricle d. In the left ventricle e. Under the mitral valve.
a. The ventricular rate is faster than the atrial rate.
Which of the following IS NOT expected in the diagnosis of 3rd Degree (Complete) AV Block? a. The ventricular rate is faster than the atrial rate. b. The QRS complexes are regular. c. The P-R relationship varies d. The atrial rate is constant. e. 2:1 or 3:1 conduction is not present.
c. The QRS complexes get larger and smaller QRS complexes can get larger and smaller in non-Torsades polymorphic VT.
Which of the following characteristics/findings is LEAST specific when you are looking to diagnose Torsades? a. VT is generally preceeded by a pause b. The initial beat is late-coupled, arising from the T-U complex. c. The QRS complexes get larger and smaller d. The patient is on medication or has electrolyte disturbances that affect myocardial repolarization e. A long QT interval is present
a. The cell membrane allows sodium and potassium to freely diffuse into the cell.
Which of the following is FALSE: a. The cell membrane allows sodium and potassium to freely diffuse into the cell. b. Intercalated disks allow the transmission of an action potential from one cell to another. c. Energy is required to maintain a high concentration of potassium inside the cell compared with outside the cell. d. The resting membrane potential of a cardiac muscle cell is about -90 millivolts. e. The cell membrane contains proteins that control the flow of ions in and out of the cell.
a. Bundle Branches / Purkinje System c. Ventricular Myocardium d. Atrial myocardium
Which of the following tissues depolarize primarily due to rapid inward sodium currents. MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS EXPECTED. a. Bundle Branches / Purkinje System b. Sinus Node c. Ventricular Myocardium d. Atrial myocardium e. AV Node
c. AV Nodal Reentry Tachycardia Generally, AVNRT is a narrow-complex tachycardia.
Which of the following would NOT be expected to cause a wide QRS Tachycardia? a. Pre-excitation (WPW Syndrome) b. Atrial flutter with functional aberrancy (Ashmann's) c. AV Nodal Reentry Tachycardia d. Atrial fibrillation with an underlying bundle branch block e. Ventricular Tachycardia
b. Conduction delay within the AV Node.
Which of the following would NOT result in widening of the QRS complex: a. A Left Bundle Branch Block b. Conduction delay within the AV Node. c. Right ventricular pacing. d. A Right Bundle Branch Block. e. Pre-excitation due to an accessory pathway.
c. Electrons.
Which part of the atom is free to move through electrical conductors such as metals? a. Neutrons. b. Positrons. c. Electrons. d. Protons
c. AV Node The Sinus Node and the AV Node contain cells that depolarize because of slow calcium currents. All other cardiac muscle cells and the His-Purkinje system depolarize through rapid inward sodium currents.
Which structure in the heart contains cells that are primarily dependent on the movement of calcium ions for depolarization? Select one: a. Ventricular myocardium b. Purkinje fibers c. AV Node d. Atrial myocardium e. His Bundle
a. The Coronary Sinus
Which structure is NOT part of the cardiac conduction system? a. The Coronary Sinus b. The Bundle of His c. The AV Node d. The Bundle Branches e. The Purkinje System
a. Pulmonary Veins
Which structure(s) brings blood to the left atrium? Select one: a. Pulmonary Veins b. Mitral Valve c. Coronary Sinus d. Right ventricle e. Inferior vena cava
a. Protons
Which sub-atomic particles found in an atom are positively charged? a. Protons b. Orbitals. c. Neutrons. d. Quarks. e. Electrons.
d. 588 The Bazett formula is QTc = QT / SquareRoot of RR in seconds A sinus rate of 90 bpm corresponds to an RR interval of 60,000/90 = 667 ms or 0.667 seconds Therefore, the QTc = 480 / SqRt(0.667) = 480 / 0.817 = 588 ms
You measure a QT interval of 480 msec while the sinus rate is 90 bpm. Please use the Bazett formula to calculate the Corrected QT (QTc) and choose the correct answer below. Select one: a. 422 b. 480 c. 512 d. 588 e. 461
b. Second
The ridge known as the "sternal angle" is connected to which rib? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth
