Eco 2305 Exam 1

Suppose you have one hour to catch a flight to Miami for spring break, and it takes 45 minutes to drive to the airport. Your car is almost out of gas and the price of gas at the closest gas station is higher than at other gas stations that are much farther away. To you, the price elasticity of demand for gas is likely to be ______ than it would be if you had several hours before the flight.

lower

An implication of scarcity is that:

people must make trade-offs

The law of demand indicates that as the cost of an activity:

rises, less of the activity will occur

A seller’s reservation price is generally equal to:

the seller’s marginal cost.

According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, you should spend an additional hour studying for an exam if, and only if,:

the benefits of studying for an additional hour exceed the costs of studying for an additional hour.

Refer to the table below. The marginal benefit of the 5th unit of activity is: Units of Activity Total Cost Total Benefit, 0 $0 $0, 1 $30 $100, 2 $40 $160 3 $60 $190 4 $100 $210 5 $150 $220 6 $210 $225

$10

The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15. Number of Car Washes Per Month Total Monthly Benefit from Car Washes 0 $0 1 $20 2 $36 3 $48 4 $56 5 $60 What's the average benefit of 4 car washes per month?

$14

Amy is thinking about going to the movies tonight. A movie ticket costs $15, and she’ll have to cancel a $20 dog-sitting job that she would have been willing to do for free. The opportunity to Amy cost of going to the movies is:

$35

For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat all of the meals, your average cost for a meal is:

$4

The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase. CPU GHz Total Benefit Marginal Benefit Total Costs Marginal Costs 2.0 $1,000 $900 2.5 $1,400 $100 3.0 $300 $1,200 3.5 $1,900 &1,500 4.0 $2,000 $400 The marginal benefit of upgrading from a 2.0GHz computer to a 2.5GHz computer is:

$400

Refer to the figure below. The equilibrium price is ______, and the equilibrium quantity is ______.

$6;4

Suppose the most you would be willing to pay for a plane ticket home is $250. If you buy one for $175, then your economic surplus is:

$75

Refer to the table below. The marginal cost of the 4th unit of activity is: Units of Activity Total Cost Total Benefit 0 $0 $0 1 $2 $12 2 $6 $22 3 $12 $30 4 $20 $36 5 $30 $40 6 $42 $42 7 $56 $43

$8

When the price of hot dogs is $1.50 each, 500 hot dogs are sold every day. After the price falls to $1.35 each, 510 hot dogs are sold every day. At the original price, what is the price elasticity of demand for hot dogs?

0.2

If the price of textbooks increases by one percent and the quantity demanded falls by one-half percent, then the price elasticity of demand is equal to:

0.5

If the price of cheese falls by 1 percent and the quantity demanded rises by 3 percent, then the price elasticity of demand for cheese is equal to:

3

Suppose the total benefit of watching 1 baseball game is 100, the total benefit of watching 2 games is 120, and the total benefit of watching 3 games is 125. In this case, the marginal benefit of watching the 3 rd game is:

5

Fran runs a doughnut shop in a tiny 3-person town. The table below shows the quantity demand by the three townspeople at various prices. Price Per Doughnut, Quantity Demanded by Al, Quantity Demanded by Betty, Quantity Demanded by Carol, 10 cents 10 4 6 25 cents 9 2 5 35 cents 7 1 5 50 cents 5 0 4

9 doughnuts

Forest lives in complete isolation in Montana. He is self-sufficient and feeds himself through hunting, fishing, and farming. Which of the following statements about Forest is true?

Forest has to make trade-offs

Moe has a big exam tomorrow. He considered studying this evening, but decided to hang out with Curly instead. If neither activity involves any explicit costs, and Moe always chooses rationally, then it must be true that:

Moe gets more benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.

You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. Should you go to the concert instead of working Saturday?

No, the benefit of going to the concert is less than the cost.

Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister’s graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. If you do not use the frequent-flyer coupon to fly to Miami, should you go to Miami?

No, your benefit is less than your cost

Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister’s graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. If you do not use the frequent-flyer coupon to fly to Miami, should you go to Miami?

No, your benefit is less than your cost.

Assume both the demand for bagels and the supply of bagels increase. Which of the following outcomes is certain to occur?

The equilibrium quantity of bagels will rise.

Suppose that the short-run price elasticity of demand for electricity is 0.03, and the long-run price elasticity of demand is 1.2. One would classify the short-run elasticity as being ___________ and the long-run elasticity as being ____________.

inelastic; elastic

Chris has a one-hour break between classes every Wednesday. Chris can either stay at the library and study or go to the gym and work out. The decision Chris must make is:

an economic problem because Chris has only one hour, and engaging in one activity means giving up the other.

Refer to the figure below. At a price of $9, there will be:

an excess supply of 5 units

Suppose a new study highlights the health benefits of eating bacon. At the same time, suppose the cost of producing bacon falls. Given these changes, you should expect to see:

an increase in the equilibrium quantity of bacon, but it's hard to say what will happen to the equilibrium price.

Satellite TV is a close substitute for cable TV. In the 1990's, small satellite TV units were developed that made it less costly for individual consumers to subscribe to satellite TV service. This caused the price elasticity of demand for cable TV service to:

become more elastic

Refer to the table below. The equilibrium price in this market is: Price Per Unit, Column A Units Per Year, Column B Units Per Year, $20 100 40 $30 95 50 $40 80 60 $50 65 70 $60 50 80

between $40 and $50

You are trying to decide whether to purchase the latest Harry Potter book online or borrow it from the library. There is no charge for borrowing a book from the library, but going to the library takes more time than ordering a book online. Regardless of how you get the book, its benefit to you is the same. If the cost of buying the book online is $13, then you should:

borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is less than $13.

If a country's economic decisions are made by an individual or small number of individuals, then it has a:

centralized economy.

If the demand for cucumbers falls when the price of tomatoes rises, then we know that tomatoes and cucumbers are:

complements

Suppose that the equilibrium price of T-shirts increases and the equilibrium quantity of T-shirts decreases. This is best explained by a(n):

decrease in the supply of T-shirts.

All else equal, a decrease in the demand for oranges will lead to a(n) ______ in equilibrium price and a(n) ______ in equilibrium quantity.

decrease; decrease

When the price of NBA tickets is $25 each, 30,000 tickets are sold. After the price rises to $30 each, 20,000 tickets are sold. At the original price, the demand for NBA ticket is:

elastic

According to the law of demand, when the price of shoes ______ people will consume ______ shoes.

falls, more

Refer to the figure below. If the price is $4 today and there is no change in either supply or demand, one would expect the price in the future to be:

greater than $4.

All else equal, compared to small-budget items such as paper towels, the price elasticity of demand for big-ticket items such as refrigerators is ______:

higher

Economics is best defined as the study of:

how people make choices in the face of scarcity and the implications of those choices for society as a whole.

Tony notes that an electronics store is offering a flat $20 off all prices in the store. Tony reasons that if he wants to buy something with a price of $50, then it is a good offer, but if he wants to buy something with a price of $500, then it is not a good offer. This is an example of:

inconsistent reasoning; saving $20 is saving $20

Suppose a 10% increase in the price of aspirin leads to a 5% decrease in the quantity demanded of aspirin. The demand for aspirin, therefore, is

inelastic

Buyers and sellers of a particular good make up the:

market for the good.

If the demand for a good decreases as income decreases, then the good is a(n):

normal good

The price elasticity of demand for a good measures the responsiveness of:

quantity demanded to a one percent change in price of that good

If the demand for olives falls when the price of cheese falls, then we know that cheese and olives are

substitutes

Microeconomics differs from macroeconomics in that microeconomics focuses on:

the choices made by individuals the implications of those choices.

You can spend $10 for lunch and you would like to purchase two cheeseburgers. When you get to the restaurant, you find out the price for cheeseburger has increased from $5 to $6, so you decide to purchase just one cheeseburger. This is best described as:

the income effect of a price change.

As coffee becomes more expensive, Joe starts drinking tea instead of coffee. This is called:

the substitution effect of a price change.

When a market is in equilibrium:

there is neither excess demand nor excess supply

Janie must choose to either mow the lawn or wash clothes. If she mows the lawn, she will earn $30, and if she washes clothes, she will earn $45. She dislikes both tasks equally and they both take the same amount of time. Janie will therefore choose to ______ because it generates a ______ economic surplus.

wash clothes; bigger