Economic Change and Political Consolidation (w/ multiple choice)
what to things did the treaty of Westphalia mark the end of?
1. the 30 years war 2. relgion as the main factor in internaitonal allies
When did the 30 years war begin?
1618
When was the English Civil War?
1642-1646
when did the 30 years war end
1648
when was the commonwealth in England?
1649-1660
24.That England developed a constitutional government that can be explained by all of the following EXCEPT The English kins rejected the divine right theory The Tudor monarchs, lacking a legitimate claim to the throne , had to cooperate with Parliament The English gentry blurred the sharp class distinction s between the nobility and middle classes that existed elsewhere in Europe Revolution strengthened the role of Parliament a tradition of individual rights served as the basis for constitituionalism
A
27.Which of the following is most true of the Glorious Revolution of 1688? It represents the triumph of constitutionalism in Britain It brought democracy to Britain It began the Restoration Period in Britain It began the Commonwealth Period in Britain It ended the Commonwealth Period in Britain
A
37.King Charles I of England was forced to call a parliament in 1640 following The outbreak of a rebellion in Scotland The declaration of war between France and England The demands of Parliament to be called into session A mass public outcry demanding that a new parliamentary session by called A declaration of royal bankruptcy
A
49.Which of the following reforms of Louis XIV most helped him to take direct control of absolute the local political and economic administration? a. the intendant administrative system b. the Palace of Versailles as a "gilded cage"for the nobility c. a policy for regional war for state aggrandizement d. the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes to establish a state religion e. creation of a powerful standing army
A
51.The degree of absolutism achieved by the 17th century Bourbon monarchy in France is best explained by a. relatively low degree of religious turmoil in 17th century France b. the fact that 17th century France was a republic c. the series "little ice ages" that characterized the climate of the 1600s d. the availability of cheap housing for the rural poor
A
6. The leadership of the Dutch revolts(1566-1648) sought all of the following EXCEPT a. an alliance with the English Catholics b. the end of the Inquisition c. the end of excessive taxation d. the elimination of the rule of foreign officials e. an alliance with French Protestants
A
8. In the 1600s, the Dutch Republic differed from its neighbors in all the following ways EXCEPT that it had No king A higher standard of living Religious toleration A thriving textile industry Reliable banking
A
What is a constitutional monarchy?
A system of governing in which the ruler's power is limited by law
10.Which of the following resulted from the English Reformation? a. immediate wholesale persecution of Catholics in England b. establishment of the English monarch as head of the Church of England c. the pope's naming of Henry VIII as "Defender of the Faith" d. papal recognition of the English church as independent, but still affiliated with Rome e. a revolt by members of the English aristocracy opposed to the Reformation
B
13.Which of the following was a major characteristic of the English monarchy in the 18th century a. a return to its "divine right" position of the 17th century b. a steadily widenening discrepancy between it theoretical and its real powers c. its growth in power because of its many victories over the French d. it refusal to support the emerging cabinet system e. its growing wealth due to effective taxation policies
B
14. After the defeat of King Charles I in the English Civil War and his execution in 1649, England was governed for a decade by (A) a democratic republic with universal suffrage (B) a commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell and his son (C) a constitutional monarchy under King James II (D) the king of Scotland (E) a parliamentary council dominated by egali¬tarians
B
15.James I agreed to a new translation of the Bible in his one concession to the Catholics Puritans Levellers House of Commons Arminians
B
18. The principal reason England reverted to a monarchical form of government following the Interregnum of Oliver Cromwell lay in Cromwell's (A) ineffective mercantilist policy (B) inability to establish broad popular support for his government (C) inability to impose religious uniformity (D) ineffective foreign policy (E) inability to control dissidents in the army
B
2.In the 17th century, the Netherlands became a haven for Former monarchs Religious minorities Political radicals Those seeking relief from high taxation Former mercenaries
B
22.Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Declaration of Rights, 1689? Only Parliament can levy taxes The king may maintain a standing army without the consent of Parliament All laws must be made of the consent of the Parliament The right of trial by jury is guaranteed Due process of law is guaranteed
B
29.The relative peace of the Restoration Period in England broke down when Oliver Cromwell James II ascended to the throne Charles II ascended to the throne Elizabeth I ascended to the throne A Protestant fleet invaded form the Netherlands
B
40.The relative peace of the Restoration Period in England broke down when Oliver Cromwell did James II ascended to the throne Charles II ascended to the throne Elizabeth I ascended to the throne A Protestant fleet invaded from the Netherlands
B
44.In the period 1600-1715, the English had the greatest success in resisting the absolutist designs of their monarchs for all of the following reasons EXCEPT The nobility forged an alliance with a wealthy and powerful merchant and professional class The English nobility was the most powerful in all of Europe The Parliament was an old and respected institution The Stuart monarchs were perceived to have Catholic leaning and sympathies The English economy was weel developed and diversified
B
46."Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of Divine power on Earth." Which of the following was most likely to agree with this statement? a. Sir Thomas More b. James I of England c. Napolean III of France d. Pope Pius IX e. George III of England
B
1. Which of the following most accurately describes the political system of the Dutch republic of the seventeenth century? (A) Popular democracy (B) Rule by an absolute monarch (C) Rule by wealthy merchants (D) Control by feudal lords (E) Rule by yeoman farmers
C
17.The period of British history 1649-1660, in which Britain was ruled without a monarch is known as The Restoration The Glorious Revolution The Commonwealth The English Civil War e.The Norman Conquest
C
21.Probably the most significant long tern result of the Puritan Revolution (11643-1660) was The restoration of the Stuarts to the throne The issuance of the Petition of Rights The increased authority of Parliiament The vindication of the divine right of the onarchy The recognition of Calvinism as England's official religion
C
26. Which of the following was a primary result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688? (A) The establishment of universal male suffrage (B) The restoration of Roman Catholicism to both England and Scotland (C) The limitation of monarchical power (D) The execution of Charles I (E) The triumph of Puritanism
C
30.Which of the following would NOT be included in a list of the causes kof the English Civil War(1642-1646) The religion of Charles I's wife Wars with Spain and France The invasion of a Protestant army form the Netherlands The invasion of England by the Scots Parliament's refusal to fund the war with Scotland without reform
C
36.Which of the following is NOT true of the "Glorious Revolution" of 1689? It established, once and for all, the right of Parliament to levy taxes It established that the monarchy and Parliament ruled England together It reflected the theories of government of Thomas Hobbes It was supported by the theories of John Locke It marked the supremacy of constitutionalism in England
C
4. In the late 17th century, which of the following countries led continental Europe in shipbuilding, navigation, and commerce and banking? a. France b. Russia c. The Netherlands d. Denmark e. Spain
C
47.The revolt against France's increasingly centralized monarchy in 1648-1652 is generally known as a. the Mazarinade b. Colbertism c. the Fronde d. the siege of La Rochelle e. the Pazzi Conspiracy
C
48.Which of the following is true of Cardinal Richelieu(1585-1642)? a. he led the French church in opposition to the monarchy b. he expelled the Huguenots from France c. he strengthened the intendant system method of local government d. he effectively abolished the sale of offices and tax farming in in France e. he supported the French nobility against the monarchy
C
5. By the early 17th century, which of the following European nations was the greatest commercial power in Europe? a. England b. France c. The Netherlands d. Spain e. Sweden
C
who was the king/commander of the danish army that faced Wallenstein's soldiers in germany during the 30 years war
Christian IV
20.The Bristish seemed to profit LEAST in 1713 from the settlement of the War of Spanish Succession in which of the following ways They got Gibraltar Theygot the asiento, the slave trade with Spanish America The Southern Netherlands went to Austria The throne of Spain went to the Bourbons They got Newfoundland and Nova Scotia
D
23.Wllian and Mary's ascension to the English thro of Parliament to oraise taxesne in 1689 Restricted the right of Parliament to raise taxes Nullified the Declaration of Rights Was founded on the divine-right theory Indicated the supremacy of Parliament Restored the Tudor dynasty
D
28.Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army differed from the Cavalier forces under Charles I by Its emphasis on cavalry Deemphasizing the role of religion Its recruitment of continental mercenaries Providing regular pay for soldiers and for paying for supplies taken from farmers Remaining on the defensive
D
32.The Enlgish Parliament disagreed with all the following policies of Charles I EXCEPT his Claim of divine right High church religious policy Demands for money Authorization of translation of scripture Refusal to call Parliament
D
38.During the English Revolution, the Levellers advocated the idea that All private property should be abolished The economic playing field needed to be leveled to allow for greater opportunities for the poor The monarchy had to be restored All men should have the vote regardless of whether they own property There was a contract between the government and the people
D
39.The "Diggers" a group that emerged during the English Revolution, believed that The monarchy must be based on popular support England needed to become a theocracy Enclosure laws needed to be enforced Private ownership of land should be abolished Property belonging to supporters of Charles I should be redistributed to the landless
D
41.The English Parliament during the period from 1600 to 1715 Was a relatively new institution Wasa exclusively an institution of the nobility Was an institution opposed to monarchy Was the institution in which nobles, merchants, and professionaliis formed an alliance to oppose the absolutist goals of the Stuart monarchs Was in favor of a one-man, one-vote system of democracy
D
42.In the 18th century in England was a time when Parliament was able to strengthen its power over the monarchy, mainly because Of the documents William and Mary had to sign in 1689 Rich merchants and landowners controlled the House of Commons Parliament controlled the government's purse The first two Hanover kings hardly spoke English and were concerned with English affairs Parliament was elected by universal male suffrage
D
43.During the 16th and 17th centures, while France developed absolutism , the English monarchy was check by A strong peasantry A few powerful and independent noble families A Bill of Rights guaranteeing individual freedoms The Anglican Church A strong parliament
D
11.A majority consequence of the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 was a. assured independence of the Union of Utrecht b. freedom of the seas for the English and Dutch c. security of Protestantism in the Dutch republic and in England d. major expenses for Spain to rebuild her fleet e. all of the above
E
16.The the Anglican Church broke from Rome before altering Roman Catholic dogma indicates that Henry started the English Reform ation because he couldn't get a divorce sanctioned by the Pope Henry's lust for Anne Bolyn motivated him to reject his devout Catholicism Because Henry was eager to have a male heir, he urged Parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy Thomas Cranmer issued the divorce that precipitated the Reformation in return for his appointment as Archbishop of Cantabury Many factors, including resentment of papal states , contributed to the English Reformantion
E
19.The Restoration of Charless II to the throne in 1660 indicates that many Englishmen Hoped that Calvinism would remain a viable part of English religious life Were unsympathetic to the ideas of john Locke Had never chosen sides in the struggle between King and Parliament Had a deep affection for the Stuart dynasty Were tired of what they perceived to be the anarchism of the English Republic
E
25.The Glorious Revolution of 1688 was a turning point in British history because The Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers and executed the king making Parliament the supreme power in the nation It marked Roman Catholicism's return to both England and Scotland as an official state religion The French vowed to stay out of British international affairs as a result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 Puritans gained supreme power throughout the country and they threatened another civil war if Oliver Cromwell's reforms were not reinstated It was accompanied by the English Bill of Rights that limited monarchial authority significantly
E
3. The Dutch Republic rose to prominence in seventeenth-century Europe because of which of the following factors? (A) Its agricultural innovations (B) Its military strength (C) Its literary creativity (D) Its religious unity (E) Its shipping and commerce
E
31.The English Civil War immediately resulted in An end to the Stuart monarchy Religious toleration for Catholics Reopening of the theaters More power for Parliament A virtual dictatorship by Oliver Cromwell
E
33.During the Interregnum, English Puritans outlawed blood sports such as bearbaiting because the Puritans opposed cruelty to animals Public saw the sports as entertaining Sports violated the teaching of scripture Sports drew people away from the theaters Sports invited sinful gambling and drinking
E
35.Religious toleration by the English government from 1534, when the English Reformation began, to 1689, when Toleration Act was passed Guaranteed the right to worship to all Christian sects Denied the right to worship to all except Anglicans Denied only the right to worship to atheists Periodically denied to Catholics the right to worship Was verified, at times denying then guaranteeing freedom of worship to different sects
E
45.Which of the following is an accurate characterization of England in the period 1688-1715 a. a puritan theocracy b. an absolute monarchy c. a democracy practicing religious toleration d. a merchant republic increasingly under Dutch dominance e. a constitutional monarchy controlled by an aristocratic oligarchy
E
50.Louis XIV built his great palace of Versailles for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. to control the aristocracy b. to show on a grand scale the wealth and power of the French monarchy c. the rule outside the confines of Paris d. to make it a center of French culture e. to allow for better communications with his people
E
52. The later baroque style is known for a. its retrained use of color b. its minimalist aesthetic c. it rigorous realism d. its soothing contemplative qualities e. its extreme ornamentation
E
7. The 16th century revolt in the Netherlands was largely inspired by a. an economy that was mire in recession b. English support for the Dutch rebels c. strict language laws imposed by the Spanish that blocked the use of Dutch for correspondence d. the failure of the Netherlands and Spain to agree on how best to use the vast Spanish overseas empire e. economic, political, and religious tensions in the relations between the Netherlands and Spain
E
what was England like under the rule of Charles Stuart 1 from 1625-1649?
English civil war occurred, he was executed in 1649
9. ______________ developed a large cash crop out of tulip cultivation The Netherlands Belgium France Germany Switzerland England
F
Where was Cardinal Richelieu from?
France
Who won the English Civil War?
Parliament
What were the two sides of the English Civil War?
Royalists and Parliamentarians
after the catholics won the first battle of the 30 years war, what happened in regards to spain?
Spain was given access to Italian trade routes for being an ally with the catholic papal states
what treaty ended the 30 years war?
Treaty of Westphalia
who was the commander of the imperial army that faced the Danish soldiers in germany during the 30 years war
Wallenstein
who won this battle in the 30 years war: Wallenstein's imperial army or the danish army
Wallenstein
Who was Cardinal Richelieu?
a Catholic leader, corrupted by power
What was absolutism?
a theory of government that believes a rightful ruler holds absolute power over their subjects
what was England like under the rule of James Stuart 1 from 1603-1625
absolutist rule, peaceful with parliament
in 1630, the Swedish king ___________ decided to invade northern germany in a continuation of the 30 years war
adolphus
why did the commonwealth in England occur?
after the royalists won the civil war, they executed charles 1 (the king)
what was a French intendant?
an administrative bureaucrat in absolutist france chosen from middle class for his loyalty directly to the state
in 1617, the ____________ became the ruler of calvinist bohemia in germany
archduke Ferdinand
how did the English civil war start?
by disputes between Charles I and the Parliament (the climax of his attempts to centralize royal power)
was the archduke Ferdinand who ruled calvinist Bohemia in the 1600s catholic or protestant?
catholic
who won the first battle of the 30 years war, Archduke Ferdinand or the protestants?
catholics (archduke Ferdinand)
what was another name for the royalists in the English civil war?
cavaliers
in 1625, Christian IV, the _______ king, helped protestant ________ to invade northern _______ as a part of the continued 30 years war
danish, Saxony, germany
where were witch hunts common in the 1600s
deeply religious towns
what was the English parliament made up of in the 1600s?
elected, property owning men
as france became allies with Sweden in the 1600s, Spain became thier _________
enemy
what led to a population decrease in the 1600s in europe?
harsh winters, poor harvests, disease, poverty
how did the peasants payed for the new, bigger, and better armies of the 1600s in europe
increased taxes
did the members of parliament in England in the 1600s vote individually or as a group based on class/order?
individually
did the Swedish king Adolphus win his battle in the 30 years war? if so, against who? if not, who did he loose to?
no he lost to Wallenstein
in 1635 France became allies with Sweden on terms of politics, but not __________
religion
what was another name for the parlimentaries in the English civil war?
roundheads
in a traditional European society, the _______peasantry supported the ________ nobility.
small, large
once the trade switched from mediterranean to Atlantic in 1600s europe, which two countries lost a lot of thier power?
spain and Italy
who did the archduke Ferdinand ask for help in dealing with the calvinist protests in bohemia in the 1600s
spain, holy Roman Empire, the papacy, and German catholics
what major event during the 1600s made the holy roman empire loose power?
the 30 years war
what major event during the 1600s made the papacy loose power?
the 30 years war
who were considered in the nobility in traditional european society?
the class of privileged landowners
what were the royalists fighting for in the English civil war?
the continued rule of King Charles 1
what major event marked the switch from Mediterranean based trade to atlantic based trade in the 1600s in europe?
the drop off of silver from the colonies to Spain
who were monarchs in traditional European society
the hereditary rulers
after Wallenstein won his first battle in the 30 years war vs the danish army, what happened in regard to the holy roman empire adn the baltics?
the holy Roman Empire took control over the Baltics (and their trade!)
What was the divine right of kings?
the idea that the king gets his power from God
who payed for the new, bigger, and better armies of the 1600s in europe
the peasants
what was the commonwealth in England?
the period where England was ruled without a monarch
what created higher taxes in Europe in the 1600s, generally
the pressure to raise greater sums of money
who elected the English parliament in the 1600s?
the property owning people of their county
after the catholics won the first battle of the 30 years war, what happened in regards to the german catholics?
they got a more solidified position in Germany
how was france impacted by the 30 years war?
they were surrounded by all the fighting and felt the need to extend tolerance to protestants in order to prevent chaos
what were the parlimentaries fighting for in the English civil war?
to bring an end to the notion of an official star church, individual liberties, and the rule of law
more rulers, more expansion and more technological advances led to more advance __________, and more soliders
warfare
what are examples of the religious tensions that strained the traditional european society in the 1600s
witch hunts, poverty, rebellions
who were the targets of the witch hunts of the 1600s?
women in small towns
