EDS500 Chapter 9 Learners with ASD
13) The prevalence of ASD A) is much higher in girls of color than boys of color B) has begun to diminish since the early 2000s. C) is now almost as much as the prevalence of learning disabilities. D) is 5 times higher for boys than girls.
A
17) Which term was once commonly applied to mothers of children with autism? A) warmhearted moms B) refrigerator moms C) egocentric moms D) neglectful moms
A
26) Joint attention is the process of A) looking at a stimulus within milliseconds of another person looking at the same stimulus. B) anticipating another person's focus of attention. C) one person alerting another to a stimulus via nonverbal means, such as gazing or pointing. D) two people using the same cues to help focus their attention.
A
3) The words "autistic" and "autism" come from the Greek word autos, meaning A) cars. B) withdrawn. C) others. D) self.
A
31) Jeremy has severe autism. He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low. However, Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist (though he is not interested in performing for other people). Which term best describes Jeremy? A) Asperger syndrome B) Rett syndrome C) autistic savant D) gifted
A
32) Persons with autism savant syndrome A) make up a rare proportion of those with ASD. B) make up about 25% of the ASD population. C) are more sociable than others with ASD. D) are more likely to come from families with a high prevalence of twins.
A
34) A mixing of sensory or cognitive systems whereby stimulation of one elicits stimulation of the other is A) mirror neurons. B) synaesthesia. C) hyperresponsiveness. D) hyposensitivity.
A
38) The three most prominent theoretical frameworks that identify the major impairments attributed to autism spectrum disorders include each of the following EXCEPT A) executive functions. B) family systems. C) weak central coherence. D) theory of mind.
A
45) The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) focuses on A) teaching pivotal skills like motivation. B) improving relatively severe language problems. C) teaching pivotal skills like self-management. D) teaching reading based on phonemic awareness.
A
5) Kanner's research with a group of children he called "autistic" indicated that these children could be set apart from children with schizophrenia in each of the following ways EXCEPT A) Children with schizophrenia withdrew from the world at some point in time, while children with autism had no social connections to begin with. B) Children with autism exhibited unique language patterns, such as echolalia. C) Children with schizophrenia exhibited bizarre, repetitive physical movement. D) Children with schizophrenia tended to deteriorate in their functioning over time, while children with autism did not.
A
7) In Kanner's paper, he described the children he was studying as all of the following EXCEPT A) prefer to play alone. B) perceived as normal. C) obsessive desire for repetition. D) resistance to being held by parents.
A
8) The term "spectrum" in autism spectrum disorders refers to the fact that people with ASD A) have a variety of symptoms and degrees of impairment that fall along a continuum. B) have symptoms that are like waves, they come and go. C) are almost always (at least over 50%) obsessed with the colors of objects in their environment. D) are overrepresented in the LGBT population.
A
15) Most scientists argue that the dramatic increase in prevalence statistics for autism is due to each of the following EXCEPT A) a widening of the criteria used for diagnosis. B) a greater awareness of autism in general. C) widespread use of vaccinations for babies. D) "diagnostic substitution" (diagnosing with autism rather than intellectual disability).
B
16) Which statement about the prevalence rate of ASD is TRUE? A) It is 4 times higher for girls than boys. B) It is 5 times higher for boys than girls. C) It is higher for Latinos than European Americans. D) It is higher for African Americans than for European Americans.
B
18) Although highly questionable today, during the 1960s, which idea was popular among professionals trying to explain autism? A) psychoanalytic idea that attributes cause to parents B) biological basis that attributes cause to heredity C) neurological basis that attributes cause to brain damage D) childhood inoculations
B
21) Neurological research that involves the brain and head size of people with autism strongly suggests that for many A) their brains are larger than average at birth. B) their brains increase in size after about age five years. C) their brains grow suddenly and excessively in the first two years of life. D) their brains reach maximum size around age two or three years.
B
22) Which of the following statements illustrates evidence for autism having a hereditary component? A) "Refrigerator mothers" have been shown to have had mothers who were also "cold" and uninvolved. B) Identical twins are much more likely to both have autism than are fraternal twins. C) When one family member has autism, the chances are 9.3 times higher that a first cousin has autism than in the population as a whole. D) Family members of those with autism are less likely to have a preference for routines than people in general.
B
23) Each of the following is criteria used by the APA's DSM-5 EXCEPT A) communication skills. B) social interactions. C) reading skills. D) repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior.
B
33) A person whose sensory perceptions are so abnormal that he or she could appear to be deaf or blind would be A) hyporesponsive. B) hyperresponsive. C) overresponsive. D) hypersensitive.
B
37) The way people use language in social situations is A) communicative intent. B) semantics. C) pragmatics. D) syntax.
B
39) Executive functions include all of the following EXCEPT A) ability to conceptualize stimuli as a whole. B) working memory. C) the ability to plan ahead. D) self-regulation of emotions.
B
41) Jean is a young woman with Asperger syndrome. Her coworker recently lost a family member to cancer. Jean expounded on her knowledge of the cause and effects of the illness, but did not offer condolences, nor did she notice the discomfort she was causing her coworker. Jean's inability to perceive the feelings or to understand the emotional state of her coworker is related to A) central deconstruction theory. B) theory of least resistance. C) theory of mind. D) mindfulness.
B
44) Educators of students with autistic spectrum disorder are putting increasing emphasis on applying behavioral psychology in A) structured settings and controlled environments. B) normalized situations and normalized locations. C) natural settings and natural interactions. D) natural settings and in-vitro interactions.
B
48) According to the National Research Council, each of the following is considered an essential feature of effective educational programs for preschool children with autistic spectrum disorders EXCEPT A) entry into intervention programs as soon as diagnosis is seriously considered. B) inclusion of a family component, including parent training. C) low student/teacher ratios in the classroom. D) focus on a differentiated curriculum.
B
6) Asperger identified children who had A) average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas. B) superior intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas. C) below average intelligence but remarkable ability in a particular area. D) below average intelligence and a tendency toward violent, psychotic behavior.
B
9) A condition that is much like autism but usually without significant delays in cognition and language is A) Asperger syndrome. B) non-verbal learning disabilities. C) psychosis.. D) retrograde autism.
B
1) Each of the following is a misconception about autism spectrum disorders EXCEPT A) It is a single, well-defined category of disability. B) People with autism spectrum disorders are all intellectually disabled. C) All People with autism are impaired in some cognitive areas but are highly intelligent or geniuses in others. D) There is no evidence that bad parenting causes autism.
C
11) According to the DSM-5, Asperger syndrome A) is distinguished from autism in that the latter is inherited. B) is a necessary, but not sufficient condition, to be diagnosed as ASD . C) can only be used as a diagnosis in adults with superior IQ scores. D) is no longer an entity separate from ASD.
C
14) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, how many people have an autism spectrum disorder? A) about 1 in 88, possibly as high as 1 in 50. B) about 1 in 2,500 if strict medical criteria is used. C) about 1 in 333 in rural areas. D) about 1 in 91.
C
20) Each of the following supports a neurological basis for autism EXCEPT A) People with autism have a high incidence of brain seizures and brain tumors. B) Postmortem and neurological imaging studies have implicated several areas of the brain that differ from those of people without disabilities. C) People with autism may have experienced sudden, excessive brain growth followed by a deceleration in growth. D) Studies show that when one sibling is diagnosed with autism, the chances are much higher that another sibling has autism.
C
25) Each of the following is a characteristic that applies generally to individuals with autism spectrum disorder EXCEPT A) impaired social responsiveness. B) impaired communication. C) stereotyped and ritualistic behavior. D) broad range of interests.
C
27) The desire to communicate for social purposes is referred to as A) communicative intent. B) selective expression. C) stereotypic behavior. D) garrulity.
C
28) All of the following are characteristics of persons with Asperger syndrome EXCEPT A) difficulties in thinking about situations in a nuanced way. B) tendency to take things said to them literally. C) tendency to interpret situations using emotion or sentiment rather than logic.. D) difficulties in knowing the "dos and don'ts" of everyday living that most people learn incidentally.
C
30) Which of the following statements about intelligence and autism is true? A) Intelligence does not appear to be affected by autism. B) About 20% of individuals with autism have mental retardation as well. C) People with autism are unusually intelligent as a group. D) The adult outcomes for persons with ASD are similar to those who have intellectual disabilities.
C
36) People with Asperger syndrome tend to be A) overly literal but not logical B) logical and able to see situations in a nuanced way C) focused on emotion over logic, and are quite literal. D) overly literal and focused on logic over emotion.
C
4) One characteristic that distinguished children studied by Kanner was A) an inability to relate to others in an ordinary manner. B) a need to be picked up or held by parents. C) surprisingly normal language development. D) an extreme dislike of repetition.
C
40) The natural inclination for most people to bring order and meaning to information in their environment by perceiving it as a meaningful whole rather than as disparate parts is A) lateral coherence. B) central coherence. C) lateral adherence. D) central synthesis.
C
42) Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) includes each of the following components EXCEPT A) using structured lessons. B) limited use of reinforcement. C) focus on functional skills. D) continuous assessment of progress.
C
43) Functional behavioral assessment is used to reduce or eliminate negative behaviors. The purposes the negative behaviors serve for a person are A) antecedents. B) setting events. C) consequences. D) quasi-negative reinforcers of the first magnitude.
C
10) Early warning signs for Autistic Spectrum include all of the following EXCEPT A) no babbling or pointing by age 1. B) response to name. C) poor eye contact. D) loss of language of social skills.
D
12) DSM-5 divides the symptoms of ASD into two general domains: A) Asperger syndrome and autism. B) mild and moderate-severe ASD. C) social communication impairment and repetitive/restricted behaviors. . D) intrinsic and extrinsic symptoms.
D
19) Which statement about the causes of autism spectrum disorder is true? A) Autism spectrum disorder is likely caused by parental attitudes and behavior. B) Scientists have established unequivocally that the cause is neurological. C) Psychoanalytic ideas attribute autism to brain malfunction. D) Childhood inoculations have been proven to cause autism in some cases.
D
2) The seminal work in the field of autism began in what year? A) 1992 B) 1929 C) 1943 D) 1907
D
24) What percentage of children with autism appears to experience autistic regression? A) 10% B) 33% C) 40-50% D) 50-75%
D
29) Repetitive, ritualistic motor movements such as twirling, flapping hands, and rocking A) only occur in children with ASD if they are also blind. B) are no longer thought to be symptoms of ASD. C) are evident in some, but not all, children with ASD. D) are associated with superior intelligence in children with ASD.
D
35) Which of the following applies to students with ASD? A) hidden curriculum. B) differentiated curriculum. C) social curriculum. D) stepwise curriculum.
D
46) Equine therapy A) shows promise as a way to enhance social interaction of children with ASD. B) has been debunked as a method of helping children with ASD. C) falls short of the criterion of "proof of concept." D) is dangerous and should not be used for children with severe ASD.
D
47) Two critical areas of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders are progress in A) reading and math skills. B) reading but not math skills. C) math skills but not reading skills. D) language development and social/adaptive behavior.
D
49) In many ways, outcomes for persons with autism are similar to those with A) learning disabilities. B) intellectual disabilities. C) emotional or behavioral disorders. D) attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
D
50) Planning for transition to adulthood for people with Asperger syndrome is largely concerned with issues of A) housing costs because of the Affordable Care Act. B) sexual education. C) public versus private residential placement. D) social interaction.
D