EDUC 2500 All quiz questions

All of the following are characteristics of the learning-teaching process which expert teachers model for their students EXCEPT-- Mastery/ Social responsibility orientation Informal/ Diverse goals Internal attributions for success The link between hard work and self-worth

Informal/ Diverse goals

Scotty Scattered frustrates his students because his lessons are unorganized and his units random. "You need to match your learning objectives with your activities and assessments to promote effective learning," advises Paula Pedagogy. Paula is telling Scotty to engage in what is called--

Instructional allignment

I always place my car keys in the same spot in my house. I generally do this because knowing where my keys are reduces stress since I don't have to search for them when it is time to leave. The motivation behind my behavior can be described as--

Intrinsic

The type of professional knowledge where expert teachers understand basic principles of learning, the nature of development, or how to enhance student motivation and is specifically addressed in EDUC-2500 Educational Psychology) is called--

Knowledge of Learners and Learning

Those aspects of instruction which refer to the things we, as teachers, want students to know about a topic are called--

Learning Objectives

The instructional model that is designed to help students acquire an organized body of knowledge which connects facts, concepts, and generalization is known as--

Lecture-discussion

Neddy Novel is generally receptive to new ideas, curious to learn and seek new experiences, and he has a wide range of interests. These are personality traits that serve to promote his achievement in school. In general, Neddy displays what is often referred to as--

Openness

Greta Gradegrubber wants to be the best student in the class. She is quick to compare her performance with others, seeks every academic award, and defines herself by the evaluations she gets from her teachers. Greta exhibits _____ goal motivation.

Performance

All of the following are ways that teachers can incorporate and promote cognitive apprenticeship in the classroom EXCEPT-- Promote general transfer from other subjects Model skills and solutions Ask questions and provide support (scaffolding) Present increasingly challenging problems

Promote general transfer from other subject

All of the following are characteristics of effective homework (i. e. enhances student achievement) EXCEPT-- Clear directions/ objectives Allows for high rates of student success Aligns with learning objectives from class Promotes additional academic rigor/ challenge

Promotes additional academic rigor/ challenge

Let's face it- teachers want students to transfer course content to situations outside of the classroom. All of the following are strategies teachers can use to promote transfer EXCEPT-- Provide high-quality examples/experiences Apply concepts to real-world situations Provide practice in means-end problem solving Use high levels of social interaction

Provide practice in means-end problem solving

Cameron Capricious is usually quiet and passive yet, when provoked by bullies, will retaliate with uncharacteristic anger. "They make me SO mad", he explains. Cameron's behavior is an example of _____ aggression.

Reactive Aggression

All of the following are conclusions about learning and teaching that come from the emerging field of learning science EXCEPT-- Conceptual learning requires reflection Useful learning requires conceptual understanding the brain functions in collaboration with the body Schools must continue to focus and enhance teaching

Schools must continue to focus and enhance teaching

Polly Proficient, prestigious high school physics professor, doesn't accept that her students cannot comprehend quantum mechanics. She believes in her skills as a teacher to get all her students to comprehend concepts. Polly displays what psychologists call--

Self-Efficacy

All of the following are characteristics of creativity EXCEPT-- Original Productive Self-expressive Task-Appropriate

Self-expressive

The view of learning, advocated by theorists like Vygotsky, that claims people make sense of the world from the framework of their culture and them internalize it individually is called--

Social Constructivism

Roger Ramjet, famed fighter pilot, is being trained to fly the new F-22. "It's no problem," says Roger. "The layout and controls are very similar to my F-14." Roger's ease in learning the F-22 is an educational psychology example of--

Specific transfer

In planning cooperative learning activities, teachers need to plan for each of these essential elements in their activity EXCEPT-- Standards by which to evaluate group performance Objectives that direct the groups activity Strategies that promote mutual dependency for success Activities that require/ promote social interaction

Standards by which to evaluate group performance

Feedback is considered an essential quality for enhancing student learning. All of the following EXCEPT-- Is immediate (or near) the student response Provides corrective information Sufficiently vague to promote reasoning Has a positive emotional tone

Sufficiently vague to promote reasoning

In neuropsychology, the tendency of the brain to maintain certain neural connections while discarding those connections that are not used (esp. in the first year or so after birth) is called--

Synaptic Pruning

The process of breaking curricular content into component parts and then sequencing the parts to facilitate effective learning and instruction is called--

Task Analysis

The trait of effect teachers whereby they believe themselves capable of getting all students to learn, regardless of a student's prior knowledge, ability, or personal background is known as--

Teacher efficacy

The emerging ability of pre-school and school-age children to attribute various mental states and emotions to oneself and others is known to psychologist as--

Theory of mind

In order to promote knowledge construction teachers are encouraged to use all of the following techniques EXCEPT-- Connect content to the real world Promote deep, rather than broad, understanding Make interactions a key part of learning Use discovery-based strategies

Use discovery-based strategies

Edna Efficient knows that being organized is a critical component of effective teaching, "I never use to be," she notes, "but all the research told me I need to get that way." The research also notes that all of the following are organizational skills of effective teachers EXCEPT--

Use of standardized assessment materials

Andy Eligible simply needs to make a 2.0 GPA to be able to participate in sports. "Why get A's", he asks? "My scholarship to UK and future NBA career only requires a C- average (and a good agent)." Andy's attitude seems to reflect a ______ goal orientation toward school.

Work-Avoidance

Billie-Bob Bullpen is trying to teach his baseball savvy 7th-graders about the English game of cricket in his boy's PE class. "Let's compare it to baseball," he tells his class and tries to make connections between the two sports. As a problem-solving strategy, Billie-Bob is employing--

drawing analogy

In Bloom's cognitive taxonomy, the learning objectives which promote a person's ability to make judgements about the validity of truth claims is called--

evaluation

The type of instructional strategy/ classroom model where teachers seeks to scaffold a students construction of concept and conceptual relationships is called--

guided construction

All of the following are true regarding the Common Core State Standard Initiative (CCSSI) EXCEPT-- A. Is a federally mandated program B. Attempts to establish a clear set of educational standards C. Prepares students for the workforce or college D. Is a state-led education reform act

A. Is a federally mandated program

All of the following factors are things that teachers can do to influence or enhance a student's intrinsic motivation for a task EXCEPT-- A. Reduce the Level of Challenge B. Promote Autonomy C. Evoke Curiosity D. Involve Creativity

A. Reduce the Level of Challenge

Tonya Tutelage often systematically engages in a critical self-examination of her teaching; deliberating on her goals and actions in order to facilitate her student' learning in attempt to become a better teacher. Tonya is engaging in--

A. Reflective Practice

Type of research methodology used when a teacher applies research findings to answer specific classroom or school related questions is called--

Action

According to theorist Benjamin Bloom, the domain of learning objectives which focuses on a person's attitudes, values, and emotions is called--

Affective

In Bloom's cognitive taxonomy, the ability to break down information into component parts or provide evidence for one's conclusions is called--

Analysis

All of the following factors influence teaching and professional standards in today's classrooms (and teacher preparation programs) EXCEPT-- A. Teacher licensure and evaluation B. Federal, state, and local school funding C. Curriculum standards and accountability D. Learner diversity

B. Federal, state, and local school funding

Performance goals, in the long run, tend to reduce intrinsic motivation, All of the following are principles teachers can do to avoid an unhealthy emphasis on performance goals EXCEPT-- A. Create assignments that focus on understanding B. Stress the importance of learning for its own sake C. Encourage students to set challenging and measurable goals D. Focus on mastery goals

B. Stress the importance of learning for its own sake

In Piaget's Theory, the stage of cognitive development where a person can think logically, engage in classification and order, but is limited to real world objects and experiences (approx. ages 7-12) is known as--

C. Concrete Operational

All of the following are implications of Piaget's theory for classroom teachers EXCEPT-- A. Provide concrete experiences that represent abstract ideas B. Design learning activities to promote advanced stages C. Provide scaffolding activities within the learner's zone of proximal development D. Help students link concrete representations to abstract ideas

C. Provide scaffolding activities within the learner's zone of proximal development

Pam Pedagogy helps her students understand complex cognitive tasks by breaking them down into a smaller subtask. She will also ask guided questions to help them think about the task in a certain way and (at times) demonstrate parts of the task so that her students can imitate her. Pam's actions are consistent with Vygotsky's concept of--

C. Scaffolding

In Vygotsky's theory, the range of tasks that a person can perform with the help and guidance from others is called--

C. Zone of Proximal Development

Asking questions and soliciting student answers is a major component teacher can use to promote effective questions EXCEPT-- Care to not make answers too easy by providing additional content Giving students sufficient wait-time before responding Equitable distribution of questions across the class Asking frequent questions attached to learning objectives

Care to not make answers too easy by providing additional content

Constructivist theories have made a vital contribution to how we understand student learning and subsequently, teaching. All of the following are contributions of constructivist theories EXCEPT-- Explain the development of original ideas and misconceptions Clarifies the relationship between outside stimuli and subsequent information Helps us understand why prior knowledge is critical to learning Notes how assessment enhances the teaching-learning process

Clarifies the relationship between outside stimuli and subsequent information

The collective set of concepts and symbols (e.g. language, numbers) which allow a person to think, solve problems, and function with a culture is identified by Vygotsky as--

Cognitive Tools

Andy Artistry works with students and often will use high school students to assist his 6th-graders. "I like pairing the less skilled novices with more expert-like students to enhance their knowledge and skills. Andy's teaching technique is an example of--

Cognitive apprenticeship

All of the following are educational principles which are implications of Vygotsky's theory EXCEPT-- A. Embed learning activities in culturally authentic contexts B. Assist learning and development by instructional scaffolding C. Involve students in social interactions that use language to enhance/ develop understanding D. Design learning activities that advance the student to a higher stage of reasoning

D. Design learning activities that advance the student to a higher stage of reasoning

Creativity, while difficult to teach, can be developed in the classroom. All of the following are things teachers can do to foster creativity EXCEPT-- Create safe environment for unique ideas Help students acquire more domain-specific knowledge Avoid social comparisons Enhance situated cognition

Enhance situated cognition

In Piaget's theory, the desired state of cognitive order, balance, or predictability which, when disrupted, motivates a person is known as--

Equilibrium

Johnny Muir, noted naturalist, is teaching his 1st-graders a lesson on leaves. To help them grasp the concept he first shows them a maple leaf, an oak leaf, and finally a pine needle. Johnny is using a method of concept learning known as--

Exemplar (prototype)

The theory of motivation that states a person's desire os regulate by the importance, usefulness, and costs of engaging in activity is called--

Expectancy x Value

In contemporary neuroscience, the phrase, "what gets fired, gets wired" tends to mean--

Experiences create neurological connections in the brain

Gina Gyrate likes to "shake things up" in 8th-grade literature. "I have my students do the reading and watch online videos about the books and class times are used to discuss various interpretations." Gina's instructional strategy is an example of--

Flipped Instruction

High school senior Terrace Timid discusses his future with some friends. "All guess work has been taken out of my life. My parents are Cedarville grads, bought a pre-paid tuition card, and insist I study pharmacy to take over the family business. So much for my dream of being a rapper/ emo-youth pastor." In terms of Marcia's identity theory Terrace is experiencing--t

Foreclosure

Thomas is the little tank engine that could. "I think I can, I think I can, I think I can-- if I just work hard and improve my skill" is his development mantra. Thomas clearly expresses--

Growth (incremental) Mindset

Nancy Nurture believes that all students can learn and intelligence or other abilities can improve. Intelligence and skills can always get better through hard work and effort," she confidently claims. Nancy espouses what is know as--

Growth Mindset

The personal, self--constructed, explanations that we give ourselves (not necessarily what we tell others) to explain success or failure is known as--

Attribution

Sidney Seebee, retired Navy Seal, runs his home like his commanding officer ran his unit. "When I give an order I expect my kids to obey-- no questions asked!" Sidney's parenting style can be characterized as--

Authoritarian

All of the following are characteristics of teachers with high teacher efficacy EXCEPT-- Avoid direct instruction or lecture models Are demanding but fair Persevere with low achievers Take personal responsibility for student learning

Avoid direct instruction or lecture models

Three-year-old Abby calls ever animal she sees "doggie." One day she pets a cat and calls it a "doggie." Her mom says, "No, Abby, that is a kitty." After that, Abby is able to correctly identify and differentiate between dogs and cats. In Piaget's theory Abby is demonstrating--

B. Accommodation

In Piaget's Theory, the stage of cognitive development characterized by the rapid development of language and symbolic thought, yet dominated by one's own perspectives (approx. ages 2-7) is called--

B. Preoperational

In Vygotsky's theory, all of the following are central ideas regarding social interaction and cognitive development EXCEPT-- A. Social interactions are central to promoting development B. Social interactions are universal and culture-free C. Interactions need to be between children and more knowledgeable others D. Learners are active participants in the interaction

B. Social interactions are universal and culture-free

Goals are an important aspect of motivation. In general, all of the following are characteristics of effective goals EXCEPT-- A. Specific (not broad or general) B. Tangible/Extrinsic Rewards C. Immediate of Closely Attainable D. Moderately Challenging

B. Tangible/Extrinsic Rewards

The type or group of motivational theories that generally focus on changes in a person's actions which result from experiences or consequences with the environment are called--

Behavioral

When comparing Piaget and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development, all of the following ideas are similar to both EXCEPT-- A. Maintain that learners are active (not passive) B. Believe that learners construct knowledge from experience C. View societal interactions as disruptive equilibrium D. Emphasize the use of language as a cognitive tool

C. View societal interactions as disruptive equilibrium

Rapper B. o. B. only reads "scientific" research published by his beloved Flat-Earth Society. "They speak truth while government science is just conspiracy," he explains. Rapper B. o. B.'s reading habits reflect what is known as--

Confirmation Bias

In Piaget's theory, the ability to hold the amount of substance as constant, regardless of its shape, pieces, ect., and is critical to the development of logical thinking is called--

Conservation

All of the following factors affect a students ability to transfer knowledge from one context to another EXCEPT-- Consistency Meaningfulness Conceptual Knowledge Real-world application

Consistency

Phoebe Pharisee strictly adheres to the speed limit (she despise Carrie Camaro), defers to authority figures, and believes that following the rules makes her a good American. "Without rules we would regress into anarchy", she explains, From Kohlberg's perspective, Phoebe displays the _____ stage of moral reasoning.

Conventional

Sammy Cynical is notorious suspicious. "I have to bring my 'A-game' to class every day," explains Arnie Antiquity, his history teacher. "If I don't give good reasons for things, he simply dismisses my conclusions." Sammy seemingly shows the seminal trait of--

Critical Thinking

Regardless of the instructional model, all of the following are phases of effective instruction EXCEPT-- Planning Implementation Assessment Curriculum Design

Curriculum Design

Perspectives on learning or development that emphasize heredity and claims that human beings are genetically wired to learn or acquire certain abilities (e.g. language) are called--

D. Nativist

Teachers are important models in influencing a student's motivation. All of the following are principles teachers can do to change a student's belief and increase motivation to learn EXCEPT-- A. Model a growth mindset and internal attributions B. Promote self-efficacy as key to success C. Emphasize the utility of what you teach D. Provide tangible/extrinsic rewards

D. Provide tangible/extrinsic rewards

In Piaget's Theory, a mental organization and/or structure that helps us understand the world and respond to it is known as--

D. Scheme

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, factors such as safety, belonging, or esteem that motivate people to meet them are called--

Deficiency Needs

Sandy Sundry is a master of making sure all her students are sufficiently challenged. "With so many kids and their varied abilities it is important to adapt my teaching and content to their carried knowledge, skills, needs, and motivations," she maintains. sandy seems to be a master of what educational theorists call--

Differentiated Instruction

Gerald Germane strives to ensure that his students leave the 5th grade with a wealth of well-defined knowledge of skills. "I present them with what they need through short segments of content and assess to ensure they have it," he explains. Gerald's teacher-centered approach can best be described as--

Direct Instruction

Norma Novel astounds her sophomore literature peers with some of the most unique interpretations to assigned readings. "She is the most 'out of the the box' thinker I know," marvels Brenda Bland. Norma exhibits what is often called--

Divergent Thinking

Arnie Affinity seems to be able to emotionally connect with others. When he says, "I feel ya bro," he almost certainly does. Arnie's sensitivity is an example of--

Empathy

Connie Clairvoyance is preparing to take her educational final exam. When asked about her study strategy she admits, "When in doubt I always choose 'B' since 'Baumann' begins with a 'B'". Connie's (really poor) problem-solving strategy is an example of--

Heuristic

Sally Spirited, a 9th-grade cheerleading coach, seeks to keep students motivated in her mastery-focused classroom. Sally is exceptional because she demonstrates all of the following EXCEPT-- Demonstrates caring/ Commitment to student learning Maintains appropriately high expectations Models responsibility, effort, and interest in the content Identifies and enhances each student's natural talents/abilities

Identifies and enhances each student's natural talents/abilities

In Erickson's theory, the state of psychosocial development characterized by experimenting with various types of freedom and challenging the limits of authority (typically ages 12-18) is called--

Identity v. Confusion

A situation lacking a clearly-defined goal, some pertinent information, or having several possible solution strategies is called--

Ill-defined problem

In Erickson's theory, the stage where school and home provide opportunities for children to develop a sense of competence through success and challenging tasks (characteristic of ages 6-12) is called--

Industry v. Inferiority

Ozzie Observant is constantly gathering information about his students' learning and check for understanding. He will watch during classroom interactions, ask problem questions, and monitor how students use information to solve problems. Ozzie's practices are characteristic of--

Informal Assessment

The process of incorporating the external or socially-based ideas/ mental structures as one's own is known (in Vygotsky's theory) as--

Internalization

Sage Saxon explains her strategy for enhancing math achievement. "Each day we do 2-3 problems from previous lessons to keep students practicing their skills over time." This research proven approach to learning is called--

Interspersed practice

The type of instructional strategy/ class environment which seeks to emphasize effort, continuous improvement, and greater understanding is called--

Mastery-focused

In Bronfenbrenner's theory, the interaction of variables such as the family, school, and community, which influence individual development occurs in the ______.

Mesosystem

Edna Ego is particularly sensitive and keenly self-aware. In school she is constantly checking her understanding of what she reads, asking if she is getting a concept, and revising her strategies for effective learning. Edna exhibits what experts call--

Metacognition

"I love college", declares Donna Deference. "I can postpone adulthood by changing majors and have broken the hearts of six guys to avoid marriage. I know it can't go on forever but, for now, it's a great life." From Marcia's perspective Donna is in what state of identity development?

Moratorium

All of the following are conditions that are required to facilitate conceptual change in students EXCEPT-- Social interactions must be developed/fostered Existing understanding must be dissatisfying Alternative concept(s) must be understandable New concepts must be useful in the real world

New concepts must be useful in the real world

When expert teachers use techniques that specifically enhance learning in a particular subject area they are demonstrating--

Pedagogical content knowledge

While a valuable learning theory, constructivism is not without its critics. All of the following are identified in the text as problems with constructivism EXCEPT-- Places great emphasis on emotions as a part of learning Fails to account for the influence of skill development Too often is used as a teaching theory Is not sensitive to how the memory system participates in learning

Places great emphasis on emotions as a part of learning

Carrie Camaro drives 95 MPH on US 42 on her way to the Xenia Wal-Mart (not a good idea). Her petrified boyfriend screams, "You're breaking the law." "Only if I get caught," is Carrie's comeback. To Kohlberg, Carrie is displaying the _______ stage of moral development.

Pre-conventional

Edna illuminate likes to present real-world problems to her 6th-grade social studies students. "By working on solutions, my students must acquire content and develop skills. It even promotes self-regulation." Edna's teaching strategy can best be described as--

Problem-based learning

Susan Syllogism swears that it is her scheme (or, at least, desire) to make her students better strategic thinkers. To assist Susan we should suggest all of the following EXCEPT-- Explicitly teach/practice study strategies Model critical thinking/questioning Use assessment with feedback Use-rule-base concept attainment

Use-rule-base concept attainment

Despite many critics, lecture remains as an oft used instructional strategy (particularly at the secondary level). All of the following are considered positive reasons teachers should continue to use the lecture method EXCEPT-- Relatively easy to implement Is efficient in delivering content can address multiple objectives/skills has a low cognitive load for teachers

can address multiple objectives/skills

Cognitive-based direct instruction is often used as a means of enhancing student content knowledge. All of the following are phases of a well-designed direct instruction lesson EXCEPT-- Introduction and review open-ended questioning guided practice Independent practice

open-ended questioning