Education Midterm

Which of the following is closest to the average beginning year teacher salary in the United States? $25,000 $35,000 $45,000 $55,000

$35,000

Children who return to empty houses after school and who are left alone until parents arrive from work are best described as: resilient children. children placed at risk. children of poverty. latchkey children.

latchkey children

According to a survey on school violence, of the following, what is the most accurate ``approximation of the number of high school students who report that street gangs are ``present in their school? 10% 20% 50% 75%

20%

Of the following, which best describes the percentage of students you will likely have in your classes who live only with their mothers? 10% 25% 50% 75%

25%

The PRAXIS series is best described as: support given first year teachers to help them make the transition into the classroom. experiences provided for teachers that allow them to practice classroom skills. a test given to teachers designed to measure their readiness for teaching. a series of moral dilemmas designed to measure teachers' understanding of their professional codes of ethics.

a test given to teachers designed to measure their readiness for teaching.

In our nation's 25 largest cities, approximately what fraction of learners are students of ``color? About a fourth More than a third More than half About two thirds

more than half

The process of socializing cultural minorities so that their behaviors fit the social patterns ``of the majority is best described as: a. cultural inversion. b. assimilation. c. multicultural education. d. culturally responsive teaching.

b. assimilation.

Research indicates that two factors related to school organization have a particularly ``negative effect on cultural minorities. These two factors are: a. low teacher efficacy and class size. b. class size and tracking. c. low teacher efficacy and tracking. d. ineffective instruction and large classes.

b. class size and tracking.

Of the following, which is the most important teacher role? Working with parents and other caregivers Collaborating with colleagues Working with school administrators Creating productive learning environments

creating productive learning environments

A form of bullying that occurs when students use electronic media to harass or intimidate ``other students, is best described as: twenty first century intimidation. electronic harassment. electronic media bullying. cyber-bullying.

cyber-bullying

The cultural minorities who have experienced the greatest success in American schools ``are: a. Native American students. b. African American students. c. Hispanic students. d. Asian American students.

d. Asian American students.

Families headed by married couples now make up about what percent of all households in the United States? Less than 10% About 25% Slightly more than 50% Slightly more than 65%

slightly more than 65%

"A framework for thinking about educational issues and a guide for professional practice" ``best describes which of the following? a. An epistemology of education. b. An ontology of education. c. An axiology of education. d.A philosophy of education.

d.A philosophy of education.

According to a survey conducted by the American Association of University Women ` ` ` (1993), what percentage of 8th through 11th graders reported some type of sexual ``harassment in their schools? 15% 30% 50% 80%

50%

Of the following, what is the most accurate approximation of the percentage of students who are sexually active by the time they finish high school? 10% 25% 50% 65%

50%

The explanation and rationale you provide for your educational goals—what you want to ``accomplish in your classroom, will most strongly depend on: a. your personal philosophy. b. your personal needs. c. your self-esteem. d. your work ethic and sense of responsibility.

a. your personal philosophy.

The policy separate but equal in education was most prominently implemented in: a. Native American education. b. African American education. c. Hispanic education. d. Asian American education.

b. African American education.

"Students' personal approaches to learning, problem solving, and processing ```information" best describes: a. intelligence. b. culture. c. socioeconomic status. d. learning style.

d. learning style.

The Supreme Court decision that made the policy, "separate but equal" illegal was: a. the Civil Rights Act. b. Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka. c. Title IX. d. the National Defense Education Act.

b. Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between challenge and effective ``instruction for at-risk students? a. Challenge is effective for some at-risk students, but not all. b. Challenge increases motivation for nearly all at-risk students, because it emphasizes high expectations. c. Challenge can be over-emphasized, resulting in discouragement. d.Challenge can be misinterpreted by many at-risk students

b. Challenge increases motivation for nearly all at-risk students, because it emphasizes high expectations.

Changes in the way students think and relate to their peers, caused by maturation and ``experience, are best described as: a. critical thinking. b. development. c. perspective taking. d. curriculum organization

b. development.

Kevin is a very difficult student. In spite of using every technique you know, you have ``difficulty in preventing him from disrupting your class. In response to describing your ``frustration with him, Jack, one of your colleagues says, "I hate doing it, but sometimes ``we have no choice. You simply have to put him down. I had him last year, and ``embarrassing him was the only thing that worked. You may have to go that far." Of the ``following, what is the best assessment of Jack's suggestion? His suggestion is consistent with teachers' professional code of ethics, since one student doesn't have the right to disrupt the learning for others. His suggestion is not consistent with teachers' professional code of ethics, since the code says that a teacher "shall not intentionally expose the student to embarrassment." His suggestion is consistent with teachers' professional code of ethics, since the code says that, "The education profession is vested by the public with a trust and responsibility requiring the highest ideals of professional service." His suggestion isn't consistent with teachers' professional code of ethics, since teachers are responsible for maintaining a safe and orderly classroom.

His suggestion is not consistent with teachers' professional code of ethics, since the code says that a teacher "shall not intentionally expose the student to embarrassment."

Jana Juarez illustrates dominant and recessive genes by playing two radios `simultaneously. The students can hear one but not the other. As Jana questions the `students, she reminds them that both radios are playing, but the sound of one drowns out `the other. `Jana's ability to represent a topic like genetics in this way best illustrates: knowledge of content. pedagogical content knowledge. general pedagogical knowledge. knowledge of learners and learning.

pedagogical content knowledge

In a survey of middle school students, what percent reported being bullied in their ``school? 10% 25% 50% 85%

85%

A number of reforms in teacher education are being implemented in many states across ``the nation. These reforms include which of the following? Raising standards for admission into teacher training programs Requiring teachers to take more rigorous courses Expanding teacher preparation programs from 4 to 5 years Requiring experienced teachers to take more rigorous professional-development courses Requiring higher standards for licensure, including teacher competency tests

Raising standards for admission into teacher training programs Requiring teachers to take more rigorous courses Expanding teacher preparation programs from 4 to 5 years Requiring experienced teachers to take more rigorous professional-development courses Requiring higher standards for licensure, including teacher competency tests

Which of the following statements best describes effective instruction for students with ``exceptionalities? a. With extra support such as one-on-one help, instruction that is effective with students in general is also effective with students having exceptionalities. b. Instruction that is effective with students in general is also effective with students having exceptionalities if a special education specialist is in the room to supervise the instruction. c. Instruction that is effective with students in general is also effective with students having exceptionalities, and students are expected to adapt their learning strategies so they can succeed. d. Effective instruction for learners with exceptionalities is different than effective instruction in general, and teachers need special training to learn how to conduct this instruction.

a. With extra support such as one-on-one help, instruction that is effective with students in general is also effective with students having exceptionalities.

Of the following, which best describes the income defined by the federal government as ``the poverty line for a family of four? a. Slightly more than $12,000 in family income per year. b. Slightly less than $25,000 in family income per year. c. Approximately $30,000 in family income per year. d. Approximately $35,000 in family income per year.

b. Slightly less than $25,000 in family income per year.

We best describe teachers who are "thoughtful, analytical, and even self-critical about ``their teaching" as: artistic. reflective. scientific. practical.

reflective

"Suggested changes in teaching and teacher preparation intended to increase student ```learning" are best described as: codes of ethics. increasing professionalism. standards-based education. reforms.

reforms

Of the following factors, which is rated highest by parents and other taxpayers in a list of ``concerns about school quality? School safety Qualifications of teachers Student access to technology High student standardized-test scores

school safety

Of the following, which best describes the percentage of working mothers for whom quality childcare is an important issue? 15% 30% 60% 80%

60%

Which of the following is not true of research on gender differences? a. Males are more likely to be found in remedial and special education classes. b. Males score lower on tests such as the SAT and ACT. c. Males receive lower grades in school. d. Males earn proportionally fewer bachelors and masters degrees.

b. Males score lower on tests such as the SAT and ACT.

Which of the following is the most accurate description of English Learners (ELs)? a. Students who have developed English language proficiency b. Students whose first language is not English c. Students who are native English speakers d. Students who can read English, but cannot yet speak English

b. Students whose first language is not English

According to research, which of the following is the most likely perception of cultural minorities who are alienated from school? a. They feel like they are not smart enough to succeed in school. b. They feel like they are neither welcome nor do they belong in school. c. They feel like school is only valuable for extracurricular activities. d.They feel like they can succeed only if they have wealthy and influential parents.

b. They feel like they are neither welcome nor do they belong in school.

Research suggests that three of the following are characteristics of girls. Which one is not ``a characteristic of girls? a. They develop faster than boys. b. They have slightly higher self-esteem than boys. c. They develop motor skills at an earlier age than boys. d. They are more trusting than boys.

b. They have slightly higher self-esteem than boys.

Three of the programs listed below are types of EL programs. The one that is not an EL ``program is a(n): a. immersion program. b. assimilation EL program. c. maintenance EL program. d.ESL pullout program.

b. assimilation EL program.

Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the likelihood of students `````who live in poverty dropping out of school compared to their more affluent peers? a. Children of poverty are less likely to drop out of school, because they realize that education is the only way out of poverty. b. Children of poverty and their more affluent peers are about equally likely to drop out of school. c. Children of poverty are about twice as likely to drop out of school as are their more affluent peers. d. Children of poverty are five times more likely to drop out of school than are their more affluent peers.

d. Children of poverty are five times more likely to drop out of school than are their more affluent peers.

Of the following, which best describes the relationship between cyber-bullying and other ``forms of bullying? Students who conduct incidents of cyber-bullying are more likely to be high `achieving and popular students who are technologically literate than are ` `traditional bullies. `Cyber-bullying tends to be more commonly conducted by students who have ``` `high technological skills but are social outcasts and have few friends and social ``` `contacts. Cyber-bullying tends to be most commonly conducted by low achieving ```` `students who have acquired simple technology skills, such as using Facebook ``` `and Twitter. Cyber-bullying tends to follow the same patterns as traditional forms of ```` `bullying; students who are bullies and victims on the playground play similar ``` `roles in cyberspace.

Cyber-bullying tends to follow the same patterns as traditional forms of ```` `bullying; students who are bullies and victims on the playground play similar ``` `roles in cyberspace.

Which of the following is the best label for the description: "A developing aspect of `teaching characterized by a specialized body of knowledge, emphasis on decision `making and reflection, autonomy, and ethical standards for conduct?" Pedagogical content knowledge General pedagogical knowledge Reflection Professionalism

Professionalism

Which of the following best describes the primary criticism of the term "at-risk?" a. It is not linked to instructional interventions. b. It is antiquated and doesn't address modern concerns. c. It doesn't recognize the diversity found in populations of students placed at risk . d. It creates lowered expectations for student success.

d. It creates lowered expectations for student success.

According to research, which of the following statements best describes students' tendencies to drop non-standard English dialects in favor of standard English? a. Students quickly drop non-standard dialects because they don't want to appear as if they aren't "cool" or "withit" to their peers. b. Students quickly drop non-standard dialects because the school curriculum uses standard English. c. Students are sometimes reluctant to drop non-standard dialects in favor of standard English, because the non-standard dialect is the language they are comfortable with. d. Students are sometimes reluctant to drop non-standard dialects in favor of standard English for fear of alienating peers.

d. Students are sometimes reluctant to drop non-standard dialects in favor of standard English for fear of alienating peers.

Nationally, which of the following is the most accurate approximation of the percentage ``of P-12 learners who are students of color in our country? About 10 percent Slightly less than 25 percent More than 40 percent More than 60 percent

more than 40 percent

Which of the following are characteristics of socioeconomic status? Parents' income The number of different places parents have lived Parents' level of education The jobs parents have

parents income parents level of education the jobs parents have

An "understanding of ways of representing content so that it's comprehensible to others" `best describes: pedagogical content knowledge. knowledge of content. general pedagogical knowledge. knowledge of learners and learning.

pedagogical content knowledge

Of the following, the most accurate meaning of the term PRAXIS is: putting theory into practice. practicing skills in schools. providing support for first-year teachers. exit criteria for teachers.

putting theory into practice

According to professional surveys, which of the following are the two most important reasons people give for choosing to teach? Short working hours and long summer vacations Long summer vacations and autonomy Autonomy and professional status Working with young people and contributing to society

working with young people and contributing to society

Which of the following statements best describes the implications for teachers of the changing American family? Because both parents work in many American families, more children are affluent, so they come to school better prepared to learn. Parents spend more time working away from home than parents have spent in the past, so teachers will need to be more flexible in reaching out to families. Parents are better informed about school activities than they have been in the past, so they tend to be more involved in school activities than they have historically. Education has become politically important, so parents tend to be more politically active in school policy than they have been historically.

Parents spend more time working away from home than parents have spent in the past, so teachers will need to be more flexible in reaching out to families.

Which of the following is closest to the average yearly teacher salary in the United States? $25,000 $40,000 $55,000 $70,000

$55,000

Which of the following make up the personnel of a school? 1. Administrators 2. Parents 3. Teachers 4. Support staff

1. Administrators 3. Teachers 4. Support staff

Which of the following are considered to be actions taken by effective school principals? 1. Communicating the school mission to you and your colleagues 2. Demonstrating instructional leadership and serving as a resource for parents and students 3. Emphasizing extracurricular activities to promote the development of the "whole child." 4. Creating a teaching environment that allows you to maximize your instructional time

1. Communicating the school mission to you and your colleagues 2. Demonstrating instructional leadership and serving as a resource for parents and students 4. Creating a teaching environment that allows you to maximize your instructional time

Which of the following are accurate descriptions of effective instruction for at-risk ``students? 1. It emphasizes how to learn as well as what to learn. 2. It stresses the importance of student responsibility and self regulation. 3. It simplifies the curriculum and makes it easier. 4. It provides greater structure, support and feedback than might be provided for student not at risk.

1. It emphasizes how to learn as well as what to learn. 2. It stresses the importance of student responsibility and self regulation. 4. It provides greater structure, support and feedback than might be provided for student not at risk.

Which of the following items, or items similar to them, would likely appear on an ``intelligence test? 1. On what continent is Chile? 2. Who was Isaac Newton? 3. How are a river and a plateau alike? 4. A shirt priced at $36 is marked 1/3 off. When it doesn't sell, the sale price is reduced by half. What is the price after the second reduction? 5. How far is it from Los Angeles to New York?

1. On what continent is Chile? 2. Who was Isaac Newton? 3. How are a river and a plateau alike? 4. A shirt priced at $36 is marked 1/3 off. When it doesn't sell, the sale price is reduced by half. What is the price after the second reduction? 5. How far is it from Los Angeles to New York?

Which of the following are considered as students with exceptionalities? 1. Students who are mentally retarded 2. Students who are learning disabled 3. Students who are behaviorally disordered 4. Students who are gifted and talented

1. Students who are mentally retarded 2. Students who are learning disabled 3. Students who are behaviorally disordered 4. Students who are gifted and talented

You're a high school math teacher. Which of the following best describes your duties? 1. Teach your math classes as effectively as possible 2. Monitor students as they move through hallways 3. Contribute to the governance of the school 4. Attend nonacademic events such as assemblies and pep rallies

1. Teach your math classes as effectively as possible 2. Monitor students as they move through hallways 3. Contribute to the governance of the school

You're a third-grade teacher. Which of the following best describes your duties? 1. Teach your students as effectively as possible 2. Escort your students from your room to places such as the cafeteria or media center, and back 3. Supervise your students on the playground 4. Participate in school oversight and administration

1. Teach your students as effectively as possible 2. Escort your students from your room to places such as the cafeteria or media center, and back 3. Supervise your students on the playground

Of the following, what are reasons that the Committee of Ten recommended that all ``students—both college bound and non-college bound—meet the same high school ``requirements? 1. The Committee was composed of college professors and administrators, who had a bias in favor of a college preparatory curriculum. 2. The Committee believed in the need for basic skills—reading, writing, and math—that all students should master. 3. The members of the Committee believed in faculty psychology, which emphasized mental training for all students. 4. The members of the Committee believed that a different curriculum for college-bound and non-college bound students might result in separation of social classes.

1. The Committee was composed of college professors and administrators, who had a bias in favor of a college preparatory curriculum. 3. The members of the Committee believed in faculty psychology, which emphasized mental training for all students. 4. The members of the Committee believed that a different curriculum for college-bound and non-college bound students might result in separation of social classes.

Which of the following contributed to the idea that free public education should be the ``right of all citizens? 1. The principle of separation of church and state. 2. The increasing industrialization of the United States during the approximate period between 1820 and 1865. 3. The large influx of immigrants from Europe and other parts of the world that began in about the 1830's. 4. The Land Ordinance of 1785 that established an economic basis for public education.

1. The principle of separation of church and state. 2. The increasing industrialization of the United States during the approximate period between 1820 and 1865. 3. The large influx of immigrants from Europe and other parts of the world that began in about the 1830's. 4. The Land Ordinance of 1785 that established an economic basis for public education.

Which of the following statements tend to be true of students with high levels of ``emotional intelligence? 1. They are happier and better adjusted than their peers with lower levels of emotional intelligence. 2. They are better able to make and keep friends than are their peers with lower levels of emotional intelligence. 3. They are higher achievers than are their peers with lower levels of emotional intelligence. 4. They tend to use language as a tool to examine and monitor their emotions

1. They are happier and better adjusted than their peers with lower levels of emotional intelligence. 2. They are better able to make and keep friends than are their peers with lower levels of emotional intelligence. 3. They are higher achievers than are their peers with lower levels of emotional intelligence. 4. They tend to use language as a tool to examine and monitor their emotions

which of the following are considered by experts to be goals of schools? 1. To help students develop the knowledge and skills needed to function in our culture 2. To guide students to become productive members of society 3. To prepare students for the world of work 4. To help students develop as happy, healthy people

1. To help students develop the knowledge and skills needed to function in our culture 2. To guide students to become productive members of society 3. To prepare students for the world of work 4. To help students develop as happy, healthy people

Which of the following are considered to be characteristics of emotional intelligence? 1. Making and defending conclusions based on evidence. 2. Controlling impulses 3. Managing negative emotions 4. Behaving in socially acceptable ways 5. Demonstrating a strong work ethic

2. Controlling impulses 3. Managing negative emotions 4. Behaving in socially acceptable ways

Which of the following are the most commonly voiced criticisms of comprehensive high ``schools? 1. They're often staffed by unqualified teachers. 2. Students in lower-level tracks often get a substandard education. 3. They're too large, impersonal, and bureaucratic. 4. They lack an adequate variety of extracurricular activities.

2. Students in lower-level tracks often get a substandard education. 3. They're too large, impersonal, and bureaucratic.

According to a survey on alcohol and other drug use, of the following, what is the most ``accurate approximation of the number of high school students who report using ``alcohol? 10% 40% 60% 75%

40%

Which of the following is the most accurate description of adults' responses to bullying? Adults quickly intervene to protect the victim and punish the perpetrator in cases of bullying. Adults quickly intervene to protect the victim in cases of bullying, but perpetrators are rarely punished. Adults often punish victims of bullying because they believe the victims are merely tattling. Adults rarely intervene one way or the other in incidents of bullying.

Adults rarely intervene one way or the other in incidents of bullying.

You observe that Jerome, a homosexual student in your class, is being repeatedly ``harassed by Calvin and David, two other boys in your class. Of the following, which is ``your most appropriate response? Jerome isn't being physically harmed, so ignore the incidents, since students should learn to work problems out for themselves. Take Calvin and David aside and tell them that you realize that their behavior is in fun, but that you believe it is hurting Jerome's feelings, and ask them how they would feel if they were being teased. Take Calvin and David aside and tell them that harassment is unacceptable and that one more incident of harassment will result in severe consequences. Talk to Jerome and tell him that you will support any form of retaliation that he directs toward Calvin and David.

Take Calvin and David aside and tell them that harassment is unacceptable and that one more incident of harassment will result in severe consequences.

Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the issue of teacher salaries? Teacher salaries are frequently cited as a major reason people leave teaching, but salaries are improving. Teacher salaries are the most common reason people leave teaching and they're falling farther and farther behind other professions. Teacher salaries are rapidly improving and are now on par with other professions like engineering. Teacher salaries start lower than in other professions but catch up after five years of experience.

Teacher salaries are frequently cited as a major reason people leave teaching, but salaries are improving.

Of the following, which statement most accurately compares the teenage birthrate in the ``United States to that in other industrialized countries? The teenage birthrate in the United States is much lower (about half) than the teenage birthrate in other industrialized countries. The teenage birthrate in the United States is slightly lower (about 10% lower) than the teenage birthrate in other industrialized countries. The teenage birthrate in the United States is about the same as the teenage birthrate in other industrialized countries. The teenage birthrate in the United States is higher than in any other industrialized country.

The teenage birthrate in the United States is higher than in any other industrialized country.

A teacher has her seventh graders study the novel The Yearling because she believes ``students should examine moral dilemmas, since moral dilemmas have existed ``throughout history. ``This teacher's philosophy is most likely to be: a perennialism. b. essentialism. c. progressivism. d. social reconstructionism.

a perennialism.

Based on research, which of the following best describes the relationship between ``socioeconomic status, class size, and learning? (Small classes are defined as having ``about 15 students, and large classes are defined as having about 30 students.) a. All students learn more in small classes, particularly in the lower grades and in inner-city schools. b. Low SES students learn more in small classes, but high SES students learn more in large classes. c. All students learn more in large classes, since the amount of interaction between the students is likely to be greater in large classes. d. Low SES students learn more in small elementary school classes, but less in small high school classes; high SES students learn more in large classes at all levels.

a. All students learn more in small classes, particularly in the lower grades and in inner-city schools.

"An organization with established structures and rules designed to promote certain goals" ``best describes a: a. social system. b. democratic institution. c. autocratic institution. d. socioeconomic institution.

a. social system.

Which of the following is the best description of the Montessori Method? a. An approach to early childhood education that emphasizes individual exploration and initiative through learning centers. b. An approach to elementary school education that emphasizes standards and accountability in reading and math. c. An approach to middle school education that emphasizes teacher teams and integrated curriculum d. An alternative to the comprehensive high schools that creates schools within schools designed to meet the needs of adolescents.

a. An approach to early childhood education that emphasizes individual exploration

Which of the following is the best description of the Common School Movement? a. An historical attempt to make education available to all children in the United States b. An attempt to increase the quality of teachers by establishing normal schools. c. The process of reserving public land specifically for the purpose of funding public education d. The process of putting common people in leadership roles in education

a. An historical attempt to make education available to all children in the United States

Which of the following is the most likely reason that some content areas, such as social ``studies, are typically de-emphasized in elementary schools? a. Expecting elementary teachers to be knowledgeable in all the content areas is unrealistic. In addition, shortage of time is a factor. So some, such as social studies, are de-emphasized. b. Some content areas, such as social studies, are viewed as unimportant for elementary students, so they're de-emphasized. c. The developmental characteristics of young children prevent them from being able to learn some content areas, such as social studies, in depth, so they're de-emphasized. d. Teaching some content areas, such as social studies, is very expensive, so schools de-emphasize these areas.

a. Expecting elementary teachers to be knowledgeable in all the content areas is unrealistic. In addition, shortage of time is a factor. So some, such as social studies, are de-emphasized.

"A federal compensatory pre-school education program designed to help three- and ``four-year-old disadvantaged students enter school ready to learn," is most accurately ``labeled: a. Head Start. b. Title I. c. Progressive Education. d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

a. Head Start.

Dan James, a chemistry teacher, attended a series of workshops designed to make him ``aware of gender stereotypes in secondary math and science. As a result, he made a ``conscious effort to eliminate the stereotype of math and science as the domain of male ``students, and he consciously made an effort to improve his female students' attitudes ``toward math and science. If his results were consistent with research outcomes in the ``area, which of the following is most likely? a. His female students' attitudes toward math and science are likely to become more positive. b. His female students' attitudes toward math and science are likely to become more negative. c. No change in the attitudes of his female students is likely. d. His female students' attitudes toward math and science are likely to become more positive, but at the same time his male students' attitudes will become more negative.

a. His female students' attitudes toward math and science are likely to become more positive.

Which of the following most contributed to the increase in quality of America's schools ``during the period from approximately 1820-1865? a. Improvement in teacher preparation and the introduction of grade levels in elementary schools b. The Land Ordinance of 1785 and the establishment of the comprehensive high school c. The practice of using people preparing for the ministry as teachers and the establishment of middle schools d.Tax support for public schools and control of education being given to the states

a. Improvement in teacher preparation and the introduction of grade levels in elementary schools

Using Gardner's theory of intelligence, in which of the following dimensions would sales ``people be most likely to score highly? a. Intrapersonal intelligence b. Visual-spatial intelligence c. Logical-mathematical intelligence d. Interpersonal intelligence

a. Intrapersonal intelligence

A person decides that Japanese built cars are more reliable than American built cars, ``saying he looked in a consumer rating magazine that cited the average incidents of ``repair for Toyotas, Nissans, Hondas, Chevrolets, Fords, and Chryslers. Which of the ``following best describes his decision? a. It is primarily based on deductive reasoning. b. It is primarily based on inductive reasoning. c. It is primarily based on epistemological reasoning. d. It is primarily based on metaphysical reasoning.

a. It is primarily based on deductive reasoning.

Which of the following is the most important result of Russia's launching of Sputnik in ``1957? a. It resulted in a dramatic increase in funding for math, science, and teacher training. b. It precipitated the progressive education movement that made the school curriculum much more relevant to students' lives. c. It resulted in a standardized high school curriculum that raised the standards for the education of all students. d. It precipitated the modern reform movement that emphasized standards-based education and school accountability.

a. It resulted in a dramatic increase in funding for math, science, and teacher training.

Kelli and John are pre-kindergartners. If the children are consistent with patterns of ``development identified by research, which of the following would be the most valid ``prediction? a. Kelli's verbal ability will be superior to John's. b. John's verbal ability will be superior to Kelli's. c. Their verbal abilities will be about equal. d. No prediction of verbal ability differences can be made as early as pre-kindergarten.

a. Kelli's verbal ability will be superior to John's.

The assimilation movement in education was most strongly attempted with: a. Native American students. b. African American students. c. Hispanic students. d. Asian American students.

a. Native American students.

While religion was an important influence in all the colonies—Northern, Middle, and Southern—during the colonial period, it was the most dominant influence in the: a. Northern colonies. b. Middle colonies. c. Southern colonies. d. Western colonies.

a. Northern colonies.

Which of the following is not a branch of philosophy? a. Paleontology b. Epistemology c. Ontology d. Axiology

a. Paleontology

Support staff best describes which of the following? a. School secretaries b. Assistant principal c. Vice principal d. Guidance counselor

a. School secretaries

Which of the following is the most accurate description of Public Law 94-142? a. Students with exceptionalities should be taught in as normal a school setting as possible that still meets the students' special academic, social, and physical needs. b. Students with exceptionalities should be given as much extra academic assistance as necessary to accommodate their special learning needs and help them compete acceptably with non-exceptional students. c. Students with exceptionalities should be provided with the extra counseling services needed to help them maintain self-esteem and learn to cope with their physical, emotional, and academic exceptionalities. d. Students with exceptionalities must be taught by teachers with the special education and training needed to help these students reach their maximum potential.

a. Students with exceptionalities should be taught in as normal a school setting as possible that still meets the students' special academic, social, and physical needs.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes teachers' interaction ``patterns with boys and girls? a. Teachers ask boys more questions than girls. b. Teachers ask girls more questions than boys. c. Girls initiate more questions than do boys, so teachers interact with them more often. d. Teachers treat boys and girls nearly the same.

a. Teachers ask boys more questions than girls.

Which of the following best describes the legal action that resulted in every state in the United States now having its own office of education? a. The First Amendment to the Constitution, which established the principle of separation of church and state. b. The Land Ordinance of 1785 that provided a basis for financial support of education. c. The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, which said that areas not assigned to the federal government would be the responsibilities of the states. d. The Old Deluder Satan Act which provided for public support of education.

a. The First Amendment to the Constitution, which established the principle of separation of church and state.

Of the following, which most strongly contributes to the development of resilience? a. The nurturing of a caring adult. b. A variety of experiences in the preschool years c. Positive identity with cultural attitudes and values d.An instinctive desire to succeed

a. The nurturing of a caring adult.

Which of the following is the best description of looping? a. The process of keeping a teacher with a group of students for more than a year b. The process of covering topics with increasingly greater depth from one year to the next c. The process of organizing curriculum so that topics build on each other d. The process of having teachers specialize in different content areas, such as math, science, social studies, or language arts

a. The process of keeping a teacher with a group of students for more than a year

Which of the following best describes the primary criticism of maintenance bilingual ``programs? a. They maintain the native language at the expense of English. b. They require extensive supplementary learning materials. c. They place unreasonable learning demands on students. d. They maintain outmoded and ineffective ways of thinking about the world.

a. They maintain the native language at the expense of English.

The legislation intended to eliminate gender discrimination in schools was: a. Title IX. b. PL 94-142. c. the Gender Equity Legislative Mandate. d. the Civil Rights Act.

a. Title IX.

Of the following, based on research, which is the most valid implication of learning style ``research for the way we teach? a. We should be aware that students are different and vary the way we teach. b. We should try to match our instruction to the individual learning styles of our students. c. We should assess our students' learning styles and group students according to the assessment results. d. We should try to do as much cooperative learning as possible, because cooperative learning capitalizes on learning style differences.

a. We should be aware that students are different and vary the way we teach.

Schooling during the colonial period was designed primarily for which of the following groups? a. Wealthy males b. Males of all socioeconomic classes c. Wealthy males and wealthy females d. Males of all socioeconomic classes and wealthy females

a. Wealthy males

Which of the following statements best describes the implications of the physical ``organization of schools (the fact that schools are organized into individual classrooms ``that open onto long hallways) for you as a teacher? a. When you begin teaching, you're essentially on your own; you're responsible for your students all day long every day, for example. b. In cases of emergency, you'll need to understand the physical layout of the school so that you can get help for students as quickly as possible. c. You'll need to understand how the physical organization of the school aids the efficient movement of students from one part of the school building to another. d. You'll need to understand how the arrangement of classrooms allows you to access resource rooms, such as the library and computer lab.

a. When you begin teaching, you're essentially on your own; you're responsible for your students all day long every day, for example.

At a most basic level, philosophy is often described as: a. a search for wisdom. b. a set of fundamental principles. c. a guide for action in our daily lives. d.a system of beliefs about how the world works.

a. a search for wisdom.

The historical period in American education that most contributed to the strong link ``between religion and education (which remains to today) was the: a. colonial period. b. Early National Period. c. common school movement. d. Progressive Era.

a. colonial period.

A plan created for every student having an exceptionality that includes an assessment of ``the student's current level of performance, objectives, strategies to ensure that the ``student is making academic progress, schedules for implementing the plan, and criteria ``for evaluating the plan's success is called a(n): a. individualized education program. b. special needs outline. c. exceptionalities development program. d.program for academic success.

a. individualized education program.

A disability associated with limitations in cognitive and social functioning, as indicated ``by difficulties in learning, and problems with adaptive skills, such as communication, ``self-care, and social interaction is labeled a(n): a. intellectual disability. b. learning disability. c. behavior disorder. d.communication disorder.

a. intellectual disability.

The statement, "the ability to learn, to deal with abstractions, and to solve problems," ``most closely relates to a description of: a. intelligence. b. learning style. c. field dependence/independence. d. impulsiveness and reflectiveness.

a. intelligence.

Ann Peterson is teaching the same group of students in the fourth grade this year as she ``had in the third grade last year. This process is commonly described as: a. looping. b. cooperative learning. c. peer tutoring. d. nurturing.

a. looping.

A teacher believing that students are best educated when they study the ideas that have ``endured through history, such as math, science, and great literature, is most strongly ``guided by: a. perennialism. b. essentialism. c. progressivism. d. social reconstructionism.

a. perennialism.

Middle schools often eliminate activities such as competitive sports. Of the following, the ``most likely reason for organizing middle schools in this way is: a. school leaders want to minimize attention to developmental differences among students. b. school leaders don't want to spend the money it takes to support activities like competitive sports. c. school leaders have difficulty hiring faculty for middle schools who are willing to perform extra duties, such as coaching competitive sports. d. school leaders believe that the primary focus in the middle years should be on academics, so other aspects of schooling are de-emphasized in these schools.

a. school leaders want to minimize attention to developmental differences among students.

Schools are typically organized so that early elementary students, such as first graders, ``aren't housed in schools that also include eighth graders. Of the following, the most ``likely reason for organizing schools in this way is: a. the developmental differences between first and eighth graders makes housing them in different schools important. b. schools built for young children (such as first graders) need to be designed with more safety and health-related equipment than schools designed for older students, so they aren't housed together. c. elementary schools have fundamentally different kinds of administrators than do middle and high schools, so they aren't housed together. d.first and eighth graders were housed in separate schools in early colonial times, but research revealed this wasn't efficient.

a. the developmental differences between first and eighth graders makes housing

"The process of using standardized tests to determine whether or not students have ```mastered essential knowledge and skills and basing promotion and graduation on test ```performance," best describes: accountability. standards-based education. educational reforms. codes of ethics.

accountability

You're a 7th-grade English teacher in your second year of teaching in a middle school. Of the following, the best example of an intrinsic reward for you is likely to be: a salary supplement for sponsoring the school yearbook. an eighth-grade student coming back to visit you. a two-week winter holiday vacation. tenure after your third year of teaching.

an eighth-grade student coming back to visit you

Which of the following statements best describes the primary difference between ``perennialism and essentialism? a. Essentialism is more strongly grounded in idealism and realism than is perennialism. b. Essentialism more strongly emphasizes the importance of knowledge and skills that are useful in today's world than does perennialism. c. Essentialism emphasizes learner-centered instruction, whereas perennialism emphasizes teacher-centered instruction. d.Essentialism emphasizes epistemology (how we know), whereas perennialism emphasizes ontology (what we know).

b. Essentialism more strongly emphasizes the importance of knowledge and skills that are useful in today's world than does perennialism.

Of the following, which best describes the role of extracurricular activities in effective ``schools? a. Extracurricular activities are essential in effective schools, and as much emphasis is placed on them as is placed on academics. b. Extracurricular activities are important in effective schools, but they don't take precedence over academic learning. c. Extracurricular activities are important for low SES students in effective schools, but they are not important for high SES students in effective schools. d. Extracurricular activities are not considered to be important in effective schools.

b. Extracurricular activities are important in effective schools, but they don't take precedence over academic learning.

Which of the following statements is the best description of gender bias? a. The "glass ceiling" in the workplace inhibits the advancement of women b. Forces in schools and the larger society limit the growth and academic potential of either boys or girls. c. Reverse discrimination against boys detracts from their academic potential d. Discrimination against girls detracts from their inclination to take "male" courses, such as physics or computer science.

b. Forces in schools and the larger society limit the growth and academic potential of either boys or girls.

Which of the following best describes an important problem with tax support for public ``schools? a. Citizens are reluctant to pay school taxes, so adequate funding sometimes isn't available. b. Funding is often inequitable, because some districts have high tax bases, whereas others have very low tax bases. c. Most of the taxes are paid by wealthy people who are unwilling to support education for all citizens. d. Only a small portion of tax money goes to education, so education is consistently under-funded.

b. Funding is often inequitable, because some districts have high tax bases, whereas others have very low tax bases.

We have all met people who seem to be very adept at getting along with other people, ``even though our perception is that they are only modestly "bright." Which of the ``following provides the most valid explanation for this phenomenon? a. Socioeconomic factors cause individuals to develop different dimensions of intelligence to different degrees. b. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that the eight different intelligences are relatively independent. c. Some people score high on the verbal component of intelligence tests, but low on performance components. d. Most theories of intelligence emphasize adaptive ability as an indicator of intelligent behavior.

b. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that the eight different intelligences are relatively independent.

Which of the following statements best describes the contribution Horace Mann made to ``American education? a. He spearheaded legislation that led to the principle of separation of church and state. b. He spearheaded the idea that all citizens should have the right to attend a tax-supported elementary school. c. He was the leader of the movement to remove the federal government from direct involvement in running America's schools. d. He was the person who wrote and spearheaded the passing of the Northwest Ordinance of 1785.

b. He spearheaded the idea that all citizens should have the right to attend a tax-supported elementary school.

Which of the following best describes the role of philosophy in teacher professionalism? a. It helps ensure that professional teachers will be ethical in their dealings with students. b. It is an essential part of the knowledge base teachers use to make decisions. c. It is an essential part of teachers' classroom strategies. d. It ensures that students who are members of cultural minorities will be instructed without cultural bias.

b. It is an essential part of the knowledge base teachers use to make decisions.

Which of the following is most commonly cited as an important reason for the lack of ``success of Hispanic students? a. The lack of motivation of many Hispanic students b. Language differences that symbolized the differences between Hispanics and the dominant culture c. Differences between the learning styles of most Hispanic students and the patterns of instruction found in most American schools d. Antagonism between Hispanic students and other cultural minorities that resulted in Hispanic students being isolated from the rest of the school population

b. Language differences that symbolized the differences between Hispanics and the dominant culture

David Leech, one of your students, is constantly disrupting instruction in one of your ``classes. You've tried talking to him, giving him detention, and calling his parents. ``Nothing has worked, and you need help, feeling as though you're at your wits end. Of ``the following, who is the most appropriate person in the school to contact? a. The school principal, since he or she is ultimately responsible for the school's operation. b. One of the school assistant principals, since student discipline is likely to be one of his or her duties. c. Your grade-level chairperson or department head (such as the chair of the third grade in an elementary school or the head of the English department in a middle or high school). d. The school nurse, since a chronically disruptive student is likely to have a medical problem.

b. One of the school assistant principals, since student discipline is likely to be one of his or her duties.

Of the following, which is the best description of a comprehensive high school? a. One that teaches as much of its content as possible at the comprehension level of understanding b. One that is designed to meet the needs of all students c. One that avoids tracking students into different ability areas d. One that has a course-sharing arrangement with a local university

b. One that is designed to meet the needs of all students

Of the following, which is the most likely cause of gender-stereotyped views of ``appropriate careers for boys and girls (such as engineering or computer science being ``inappropriate careers for girls)? a. Parental attitudes, and particular the attitudes of fathers b. Parental attitudes, and particularly the attitudes of mothers c. Teachers' subconscious discouragement of non-stereotyped careers (such as a teachers subtly discouraging a girl from majoring in engineering in college) d. The media portraying men's and women's careers in stereotypic ways (such as computer scientists in the media being usually portrayed as men)

b. Parental attitudes, and particularly the attitudes of mothers

You're a teacher at Oceanside Middle School, and Karen Adams, one of your students ``comes to you complaining of a serious headache. Of the following, which is your most ``acceptable course of action? a. Offer her one or two Advil tablets, since you keep a bottle of them in your desk, and Karen's problem seems to be limited to her headache. b. Send her to the school nurse, since teachers are forbidden from administering any form of medication. c. Call one of the school assistant principals and ask his or her advice, since a student may not be sent out of a classroom without an administrator's permission. d. Call Karen's mother, since any medical problem, including something as minor as a headache, must be immediately reported to a parent.

b. Send her to the school nurse, since teachers are forbidden from administering any form of medication.

You as a regular classroom teacher have three important responsibilities in working with ``students who have exceptionalities. Which one below is not one of those ``responsibilities? a. Assisting in identifying students who may need additional help b. Specifying the number of learners with exceptionalities who will be in their classes c. Modifying their instruction to best meet the needs of students with exceptionalities in their classes d. Encouraging acceptance of all students in their classes

b. Specifying the number of learners with exceptionalities who will be in their classes

Of the following, which group most strongly influences the quality of a school? a. Administrators b. Teachers c. School advisory councils d. School boards

b. Teachers

Of the following, which event most led to the development of the American high school ``as we know it today? a. The development of the English High School, whose curriculum included English, math, science, history, and geography b. The preparation of the report titled The Cardinal Principles of Education, which established goals for high schools c. The establishment of Normal Schools, which resulted in a teaching force able to work effectively in modern high schools d. The establishment of different grades in elementary schools, which better prepared students for the rigorous content of high schools.

b. The preparation of the report titled The Cardinal Principles of Education, which established goals for high schools

During the colonial period of American Education, the thinking of some European philosophers, such as Locke, Rousseau, and Pestalozzi, began to influence education. Of the following, which is the most accurate description of their influence? a. These philosophers emphasized memorization and recitation as "training for the mind." b. These philosophers emphasized the importance of first-hand experiences for children as the foundation for their education. c. These philosophers emphasized education for all citizens instead of reserving education for the wealthy elite. d. These philosophers emphasized differences between religion and education that contributed to establishing the principle of separation of church and state.

b. These philosophers emphasized the importance of first-hand experiences for children as the foundation for their education.

"A federal compensatory education program targeting low income students in ``elementary and secondary schools" is most accurately labeled: a. Head Start. b. Title I. c. National Defense Education Act. d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

b. Title I.

Davis Elementary School places particular emphasis on reading, writing, math, and ``science, because, "If the kids get good in these areas, they have the tools needed to ``understand the world around them." The philosophy of Davis Elementary School is ``most likely grounded in: a perennialism. b. essentialism. c. progressivism. d. social reconstructionism.

b. essentialism.

Some schools strongly emphasize basic skills, such as reading, writing, math, and now, ``even computer literacy. The educational philosophy most closely associated with this ``emphasis is: a. perennialism. b. essentialism. c. progressivism. d.social reconstructionism.

b. essentialism.

reforms aimed at improving teacher training have emphasized that teachers should have ``stronger backgrounds in the content areas in which they'll be teaching (such as people ``preparing to be math teachers having stronger backgrounds in math). This position is ``most strongly grounded in: a. perennialism. b. essentialism. c. progressivism. d.social reconstructionism.

b. essentialism.

A person's ancestry and the way individuals identify themselves with the nation from which they or their ancestors came is best described as: a. culture. b. ethnicity. c. exceptionalities. d. socioeconomic status.

b. ethnicity.

A disability associated with difficulties in acquiring and using listening, speaking, ``reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities is labeled a(n): a. intellectual disability. b. learning disability. c. behavior disorder. d. communication disorder.

b. learning disability

Four teachers, Karen, a math teacher, Tony, who teaches science, Judy, an English ``teacher, and Alicia, who teaches social studies, have a common planning period. Today ``they're discussing ways of coordinating topics across the four content areas. Based on ``this information it's most likely that these teachers teach in a(n): a. elementary school. b. middle school. c. junior high. d. high school.

b. middle school.

Janet, a math teacher, Cal, who teaches American history, Lamont, an English teacher, ``and Karen, a science teacher are meeting during their common planning period to ``discuss several students who appear to be having problems in each of their classes. ``They also are working on integrating their curriculum. Lamont agrees to have his class ``begin reading Uncle Tom's Cabin since Cal's students are studying the American Civil ``War, and the publication of the book was one of the factors that precipitated the war. ``Their discussion then continues. Based on this information, it most likely that these ``teachers teach in a(n): a. elementary school. b. middle school. c. junior high. d. high school.

b. middle school.

One person argues that reality is objective and observable, and another argues that reality ``is actually perceived, since our behavior depends on our perceptions. This debate is ``most closely related to: a. epistemology. b. ontology. c. axiology. d. logic.

b. ontology.

The branch of philosophy that considers the nature of reality is: a. epistemology. b. ontology. c. axiology. d. logic.

b. ontology.

Of the following, the description that most closely relates to mainstreaming is: a. parents are guaranteed involvement in all aspects of the evaluation of their children. b. students with exceptionalities must be placed in environments as close to the regular classroom as possible. c. minorities must have a mainstream form of test, rather than an I.Q. test as the basis for placement. d. all school age children with exceptionalities must be provided free public education.

b. students with exceptionalities must be placed in environments as close to the regular classroom as possible.

Individual buildings on the perimeter of school campuses that provide additional classroom space are commonly called: a. support spaces. b. temporaries. c. laboratories. d. extracurricular housing.

b. temporaries.

Of the following, leaders' decisions about organizing schools (such as organizing middle ``schools into grades 6, 7, and 8) are most commonly based on: a. the backgrounds of teachers and their teaching skills. b. the developmental characteristics of students and economics (such as the cost of schools). c. the number of available administrators and the number of available teachers. d. the qualifications of administrators and the qualifications of teachers.

b. the developmental characteristics of students and economics (such as the cost of schools).

Of the following, the two most significant contributions of the Early National Period ` ` ` `(1775-1820) that remain today were: a. establishment of public support for education and the development of the comprehensive high school. b. the separation of church and state and the removal of the federal government from a central role in running America's schools. c. the establishment of the Department of Education as a federal cabinet post and the creation of vouchers to support religion for all free members of society. d. the "Old Deluder Satan Act" and the establishment of a widespread system of parochial schools.

b. the separation of church and state and the removal of the federal government from a central role in running America's schools.

A form of school violence that involves a systematic or repetitious abuse of power ``between students is best described as: sexual harassment. bullying. zero tolerance. gang warfare.

bullying

Which of the following best describes classes that allow students to earn college credit ``while still in high school? a. Academic classes b. Honors classes c. Advanced placement classes d. Accelerated and enriched classes

c. Advanced placement classes

Of the following, which example best illustrates a learning activity based on progressive ``education ideas? a. Jackie Manning carefully explains the concept of camouflage. After explaining the concept she shows the students colored slides of a snake camouflaged in some grass, and an insect camouflaged on a leaf. b. Molly Miller puts students into groups of three and each group reads a section of their textbook that describes how animals protect themselves, with camouflage being one of the ways. The groups each then report back to the whole class. c. Ashley Wilson takes a box each of red, green, yellow, and blue toothpicks and randomly distributes them on a section of the school grounds. She then takes the students outside and gives them 5 minutes to collect as many toothpicks as they can find. They discuss reasons why they found different numbers of each color. d. Ken Davis has his students search the Internet for information on camouflage. The students find articles and research reports, print them, and then make oral reports to the class about the information they've gathered.

c. Ashley Wilson takes a box each of red, green, yellow, and blue toothpicks and randomly distributes them on a section of the school grounds. She then takes the students outside and gives them 5 minutes to collect as many toothpicks as they can find. They discuss reasons why they found different numbers of each color.

Of the following, which is most commonly emphasized in developmental early childhood ``programs? a. Careful curriculum organization and clear explanations by teachers b. Specific sets of learning objectives together with learning activities designed to help students reach the objectives c. Concrete experiences for students that emphasize exploration and hands-on activities d. Classrooms in which teachers are well prepared in content areas such as math or social studies

c. Concrete experiences for students that emphasize exploration and hands-on activities

Teachers' beliefs in their schools' ability to promote student learning regardless of ``external conditions, best describes which of the following? a. Highly effective teaching b. High teacher professionalism c. High collective efficacy d. Positive teacher characteristics

c. High collective efficacy

The fastest growing cultural minority group in the United States is: a. Native American students. b. African American students. c. Hispanic students. d. Asian American students.

c. Hispanic students.

As you begin the process of forming your own philosophy of education, which of the ``following best describes the first step you will take? a. Identifying your personal and professional goals b. Identifying your professional needs c. Identifying your professional beliefs d. Summarizing your personal experiences

c. Identifying your professional beliefs

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the "Old Deluder Satan Act" (the Massachusetts Act of 1647), which was designed to create citizens that were literate with respect to the Bible? a. It established a link between education and religion in the Southern states, such as Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana that remains today. b. It set a precedent for controversies surrounding religion that led to the principle of "separation of church and state." c. It provided the legal foundation for public support of education. d. It established a precedent that led to the widespread system of parochial schools that exist in the United States today.

c. It provided the legal foundation for public support of education.

Janet and Peter are in the second grade. If their reading achievement fits typical patterns ``for boys and girls, which of the following is most likely? a. Janet is slightly more likely to have problems with reading than is Peter. b. Janet is much more likely to have problems with reading than is Peter. c. Peter is much more likely to have problems with reading than is Janet. d. They are equally likely to have problems with reading.

c. Peter is much more likely to have problems with reading than is Janet.

Kelly, a fourth grader, is cooperative and able to consider other students' perspectives in ``cooperative learning activities, whereas Joanne tends to be quite self-centered. These ``characteristics most likely reflect differences in which of the following? a. Academic development b. Cognitive development c. Social development d. Physical development

c. Social development

Public school officials are not allowed to mandate prayer in their schools. Which of the ``following best explains why officials are not allowed to mandate prayers? a. The Land Ordinance of 1785, which called for a secular versus a religious orientation for public education b. The Old Deluder Satan Act, which established the principle of non-religious public education. c. The First Amendment to the Constitution that established the principle of separation of church and state d. The 10th Amendment to the Constitution that mandated that education be largely governed by the states instead of the federal government

c. The First Amendment to the Constitution that established the principle of separation of church and state

"What teachers teach and what students (hopefully) learn," best describes: a. the school's mission. b. the school's implementation process. c. the school's curriculum. d. the school's staff development.

c. the school's curriculum.

The leaders that framed the U.S. Constitution refused to establish a national religion in the United States. Which of the following is the best description of the reason for the leaders' refusal? a. The leaders were afraid that a national religion might lead to a national system of schools and churches. b. The leaders adopted the principle of separation of church and state that had been established in England during the 1600s. c. The leaders recognized that a great deal of religious diversity existed in the colonies, making the establishment of a national religion very difficult. d. The leaders wanted to eliminate the influence of religion in America, and they believed that the refusal to establish a national religion would help them reach that goal.

c. The leaders recognized that a great deal of religious diversity existed in the colonies, making the establishment of a national religion very difficult.

Schools tend to be organized in "box-like" structures, with separate classrooms that open ``into long hallways. Of the following, which is the most commonly voiced criticism of ``this physical organization? a. The organization makes it difficult for students to move efficiently from one room to another. b. The organization is dangerous, since large numbers of students are moving through hallways at the same time. c. The organization isolates teachers and fragments the curriculum. d. The organization makes it difficult for administrators to communicate with individual teachers in case of emergency.

c. The organization isolates teachers and fragments the curriculum.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between theory and philosophy? a. Theories explain observations in the world, and philosophy explains people's thoughts and emotions. b. Philosophy is used to analyze ideas, but theories go beyond philosophy to explain observations and events. c. Theories explain observations in the world, but philosophy goes beyond theory to describe how things ought to be. d. Theories are based on principles, and philosophy is used to form the principles.

c. Theories explain observations in the world, but philosophy goes beyond theory to describe how things ought to be.

As you form your personal philosophy, which of the following statements best describes ``the personal philosophy that you will form? a. Your personal philosophy will closely parallel one of the educational philosophies that you studied in the chapter. b. Your personal philosophy will closely follow the general philosophical patterns characterized by the ethnic group of which you are a member. c. Your personal philosophy will be refined and change as you gather experience and learn. d. Once your personal philosophy is formed, it will influence your thinking about teaching, but it will have limited influence on your teaching practice.

c. Your personal philosophy will be refined and change as you gather experience and learn.

The educational movement that attempted to bring cultural minorities into mainstream ``American life by teaching basic skills and white middle class values is best described ``as: a. separate but equal. b. progressive education. c. assimilation. d. mainstreaming.

c. assimilation.

A teacher says, "I'm getting paid to help kids learn, and I'm not earning my salary if I ``don't give it my very best," is making a statement most closely related to: a. epistemology. b. ontology. c. axiology. d. logic.

c. axiology.

Which of the following most closely relates to the conflict between one view of teaching ``morals, a view suggesting that values, such as honesty should be emphasized, taught, ``and rewarded, and another view suggesting that morals are most effectively developed ``with moral reasoning? a. epistemology. b. ontology. c. axiology. d. logic.

c. axiology.

A disability associated with the display of serious and persistent age-inappropriate ``behaviors that result in social conflict, personal unhappiness, and school failure is ``labeled a(n): a. intellectual disability. b. learning disability. c. behavior disorder. d. communication disorder.

c. behavior disorder.

The branch of philosophy that deals with questions of how we come to know what we know is: a. axiology. b. ontology. c. epistemology. d. ethics.

c. epistemology.

Constructivism is a learning theory which says that learners don't behave like tape ``recorders, i.e., they don't store information in their memories in the same form as they ``heard or read it. Rather, they create understanding that makes sense to them by relating ``what they hear or read to what they already know, and they store in memory the ``understanding they created for themselves. ``This view of learning is most strongly grounded in: a. perennialism. b. essentialism. c. progressivism. d. social reconstructionism.

c. progressivism.

Juan Chaves is a strong proponent of problem-based learning, an approach to instruction ``in which students are given an ill-defined, real world problem that requires an extended ``period of time to solve. As the students work, Juan provides only enough guidance to ``keep the students from going too far down blind alleys and wasting time. Juan's ``philosophy is most likely grounded in: a perennialism. b. essentialism. c. progressivism. d. social reconstructionism.

c. progressivism.

The educational philosophy emphasizing curriculum that focuses on real-world problem ``solving and individual development best describes: a. perennialism. b. essentialism. c. progressivism. d. social reconstructionism.

c. progressivism.

The event of the Cold War period that had the most important implications for education ``was: a. the Berlin airlift that resulted from the Communist blockade of Berlin. b. the Korean War and the "Domino Theory." c. the Soviet launching of Sputnik. d.the Cuban missile crisis that nearly caused World War 3

c. the Soviet launching of Sputnik.

The description "students who are in danger of failing to complete their education with a level of skills necessary to survive in a modern society" best describes which of the following? a. Low SES students b. Cultural minority students c. Students with ineffective learning styles d. At-risk students

d. At-risk students

Tracking is a common practice in comprehensive high schools. Of the following, which ``statement most accurately describes the relationship between tracking and cultural ``minorities? a. Tracking allows cultural minorities to achieve at levels consistent with their background and abilities. b. A disproportionate number of cultural minorities tend to be placed in high-level tracks where the instruction is too abstract for their background and abilities. c. Tracking is effective for cultural minorities, because it allows teachers to focus on the individual needs of students. d. A disproportionate number of cultural minorities tend to be placed in low-level tracks where instruction is often less effective than instruction in high-level tracks.

d. A disproportionate number of cultural minorities tend to be placed in low-level tracks where instruction is often less effective than instruction in high-level tracks.

Based on research, which of the following statements best describes the relationship ``between socioeconomic status, learning, and school size? a. All students, regardless of SES, learn more in small schools than in large schools. b. High SES students learn more in large schools, but low SES students learn more in small schools. c. All students learn more in schools that are not too large nor too small, but the reduction in learning in very large schools is greater for high SES than for low SES students. d. All students learn more in schools that are not too large nor too small, but the reduction in learning in very large schools is greater for low SES than for high SES students.

d. All students learn more in schools that are not too large nor too small, but the reduction in learning in very large schools is greater for low SES than for high SES students.

Which of the following is the most commonly cited criticism of single-gender schools? a. Girls in single-gender schools take fewer science courses than they take in traditional school settings. b. Boys in single-gender schools have higher levels of character development than do boys in traditional school settings. c. Girls in single-gender schools are more apt to assume leadership roles that are often reserved for boys in traditional school settings. d. Both boys and girls in single-gender schools develop more gender-stereotyped attitudes of the opposite sex than they develop in traditional school settings.

d. Both boys and girls in single-gender schools develop more gender-stereotyped attitudes of the opposite sex than they develop in traditional school settings.

Of the following, which is the decision most closely related to forming your own ``philosophy of education? a. Deciding whether or not you want to be a teacher b. Deciding if you want to remain in teaching as a career c. Deciding if you are able to balance a career with a family d. Deciding what kind of teacher you want to be

d. Deciding what kind of teacher you want to be

Brad Gilbert believes that learners construct their own understanding of the topics they ``study. He provides a variety of experiences for learners and leads discussions intended ``to help them construct valid understandings of the way the world works. Ann Wilson ``believes that authority is the most important way of knowing, and she presents carefully ``organized lectures that cover the topics she wants her students to understand. The ``differences in the two teachers' decisions are most nearly suggested by which of the ``following? a. Ethics b. Ontology c. Axiology d. Epistemology

d. Epistemology

Which of the following is most significant about the Colonial Period in helping us understand American education today? a. It helps us understand why teacher preparation programs (such as the one you're in) came to exist. b. It helps us understand why the federal government has turned much of the responsibility for education over to the states. c. It helps us understand how the present organization of elementary, middle, and high schools came to exist. d. It helps us understand why religion remains an important issue in American education.

d. It helps us understand why religion remains an important issue in American education.

Which of the following statements best describes the contribution of the Land Ordinance of 1785 to education in America? a. It was the law the formally established the principle of separation of church and state. b. It was the law that removed the federal government from direct involvement in running America's schools. c. It was the law that established free public education for all students. d. It was the law that set aside land that would be used to financially support public education.

d. It was the law that set aside land that would be used to financially support public education.

Which of the following is the best description of normal schools? a. Schools designed to educate all members of society, not just the elite b. Schools designed to focus on secular more than religious education c. Schools designed to prepare young men for careers in law or the ministry d. Schools designed to prepare prospective teachers for America's schools

d. Schools designed to prepare prospective teachers for America's schools

Which of the following is the most likely reason that so many elementary school ``classrooms are self-contained (a single teacher being responsible for all the content ``areas)? a. Self-contained classrooms make integrating the curriculum most efficient, and the curriculum is usually integrated in elementary schools. b. Self-contained classrooms make it easier for schools to hire teachers, since elementary teachers are expert in all content areas. c. Schools with self-contained classrooms are less expensive than schools organized around different curriculum areas. d. Self-contained classrooms best allow schools and teachers to accommodate the developmental needs of young children.

d. Self-contained classrooms best allow schools and teachers to accommodate the developmental needs of young children.

From the perspective of meeting learning goals for students, which of the following is the most accurate definition of schools? a. Physical structures that house students during learning experiences b. Organizations composed of teachers, students, administrators, and support personnel c. Formal and informal curricula that present options for students' experiences d. Social systems designed to promote students' growth and development

d. Social systems designed to promote students' growth and development

Of the following, which is the best definition of an "effective school?" a. A school with a positive social climate b. A school in which administrators and teachers work as a coordinated team c. A school that is safe and orderly d.A school in which learning for all students is maximized

d.A school in which learning for all students is maximized

Which of the following best describes the outcomes of early intervention programs for ``young children? a. The outcomes are generally insignificant beyond the early elementary school years. b. The outcomes are significant during the elementary school years, but they tend to disappear in middle school, high school and beyond. c. The outcomes are significant through the middle school years but tend to disappear in high school and beyond. d. The outcomes are positive, significant, and long lasting in the years after formal schooling is complete.

d. The outcomes are positive, significant, and long lasting in the years after formal schooling is complete.

The branch of philosophy that considers values and ethics is: a. epistemology. b. ontology. c. psychology. d. axiology.

d. axiology.

Of the following, low SES parents tend to place the greatest emphasis on: a. autonomy and initiative. b. affiliation and sensitivity. c. achievement and independence. d. conformity and obedience.

d. conformity and obedience.

You want your students to identify subjects and verbs in sentences, so you plan to first ``teach the meaning of subjects, then the meaning of verbs, followed by having students ``identify them in sentences. Of the following, your thinking in this case is best described ``as focusing on: a. instructional design. b. developmental differences in students. c. school organization. d. curriculum organization.

d. curriculum organization.

The major difference between mainstreaming and inclusion is that: a. inclusion addresses both cognitive and social adaptations, whereas mainstreaming does not. b. mainstreaming is designed to help teachers accelerate learning for students with exceptionalities, whereas inclusion is not. c. mainstreaming is intended to provide support, within the classroom, for regular classroom teachers, whereas inclusion does not provide these services. d. inclusion provides a comprehensive web of services for learners with exceptionalities, whereas mainstreaming does not.

d. inclusion provides a comprehensive web of services for learners with exceptionalities, whereas mainstreaming does not.

Schools that attempt to attract and integrate cultural minority and white students through ``quality instruction or innovative programs are most accurately labeled: a. progressive schools. b. Title I schools. c. integrated schools. d. magnet schools.

d. magnet schools.

Technical schools are designed to: a. provide students with a sound basic education. b. teach computer and other high-tech skills. c. increase students' understanding of the world of work. d. prepare students for immediate employment after graduation.

d. prepare students for immediate employment after graduation.

the person given the ultimate responsibility for a school's operation is/are the: a. area content supervisor. b. district superintendent. c. vice principal. d. principal.

d. principal.

A teacher has her students read Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings ``because she wants them to increase their sensitivity to literature written by cultural ``minorities. ``This teacher's goal is most likely grounded in: a. perennialism. b. essentialism. c. progressivism. d. social reconstruction

d. social reconstruction

Instruction designed to meet the unique needs of students with exceptionalities is best ``described as: a. mainstreaming. b. inclusion. c. ability grouping. d. special education.

d. special education.

Problem solving in ill-defined situations based on professional knowledge is best ``described as demonstrating: decision making. ethical behavior. pedagogical content knowledge. knowledge of the profession.

decision making

Consider the following ethnic groups: Hispanics, African Americans, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native and Non-Hispanic White. Experts estimate that by 2020 significant increases in percentage of the school population will occur in each of these groups except one, and this one will decrease in percentages. The group that will decrease in percentage is: a. Hispanic. b. African American. c. Asian/Pacific Islander. d. American Indian/Alaska Native. e. Non-Hispanic White.

e. Non-Hispanic White.

Which of the following terms best fits the idea of "descriptions of moral standards for ``good behavior?" Professionalism Rewards Autonomy Ethics

ethics

Regular salary increases would best be described as an: intrinsic reward in teaching. essential characteristic of professionalism. extrinsic reward in teaching. intellectual reward in teaching.

extrinsic reward

In America, at this point in history, the institution primarily responsible for meeting the needs of young people and helping them adapt to the world is the: family. schools. church. government.

family

Teaching skills, such as questioning, or the ability to organize and maintain orderly `classrooms is best described as: knowledge of content. pedagogical content knowledge. general pedagogical knowledge. knowledge of learners and learning.

general pedagogical knowledge

Understanding the social, historical, philosophical, organizational, and legal aspects of `teaching, together with the ability and inclination to continue to learn, is best described `as: pedagogical content knowledge. general pedagogical knowledge. knowledge about teachers and learners. knowledge of the profession.

knowledge of the profession

Jenna, a first-year teacher, is frazzled at the beginning of class, because she has to take roll, mark the absentee sheet, deal with students who were absent yesterday, and prepare for her class. This best illustrates which aspect of classroom complexity? Public Multidimensional Unpredictable Dynamic

multidimensional

Teachers often work with 25 or 30 or more students. Which aspect of classroom complexity does this best illustrate? Multidimensional Simultaneous Public Unpredictable

multidimensional

"I don't understand why they can't seem to be able to use longitude and latitude to find ``exact locations," Kaylynne Jones, a 7th-grade geography teacher, said to herself out ``loud, seeing that her students weren't doing well on a quiz. "I don't think I went ``through enough examples," she thought. "They're trying to simply memorize some ``rules. I'm going to reteach it next week, and I'm going to do it differently. I know that I ``can get them to understand it." Of the following, which is the best description of ``Kaylynne's thinking? She is demonstrating pedagogical content knowledge. She is demonstrating general pedagogical knowledge. She is demonstrating a high level of ethics. She is demonstrating a reflective attitude.

she is demonstrating reflective attitude

The modern reform movement in our country is most commonly traced to which of the ``following events in American history? The Vietnam War The Civil Rights movement The publication of A Nation at Risk The election of George W. Bush as president

the publication of a nation at risk

Automatic suspensions that result from school disruptions, evidence of alcohol or other ``drug use, or bringing weapons to school are most commonly labeled: school safety programs. school-wide security programs. zero-tolerance policies. drug-education programs.

zero-tolerance policies.

Which of the following are appropriate adaptations that teachers can make in response to the changing American family? -When asking students to introduce parents, use statements such as, "Please introduce the adult with you," since many students may be living with a single parent or other caregiver. -Lower expectations for students of single parents, since they are likely to have less support for schooling at home. -Be flexible with meeting times to accommodate the complex job situations of many working parents. -Avoid calling on children from troubled homes in your classes to prevent "putting them on the spot" and embarrassing them.

-When asking students to introduce parents, use statements such as, "Please introduce the adult with you," since many students may be living with a single parent or other caregiver. -Be flexible with meeting times to accommodate the complex job situations of many working parents.

Which of the following are considered to be characteristics of culturally responsive ``teaching? 1. Accepting and valuing differences among ethnic groups 2. Emphasizing that all ethnic groups are Americans 3. Accommodating different cultural learning styles 4. Building on students' cultural backgrounds 5.Individualizing instruction for different cultural minorities

1. Accepting and valuing differences among ethnic groups 3. Accommodating different cultural learning styles 4. Building on students' cultural backgrounds

According to research on gender differences, which of the following are true? 1. Boys score higher than girls on standardized tests, such as the math sections of the SAT and ACT. 2. Boys get higher grades than girls, and they score higher on measures of writing ability. 3. Boys earn a higher percentage of both bachelors and masters degrees. 4. Boys have more behavior problems than girls 5. Boys are more likely to drop out than girls are

1. Boys score higher than girls on standardized tests, such as the math sections of the SAT and ACT. 4. Boys have more behavior problems than girls 5. Boys are more likely to drop out than girls are

Which of the following are indicators of child abuse? 1. Neglected appearance 2. Sudden changes in academic or social behavior 3. Disruptive behavior 4. Overly-compliant behavior 5. Injuries, such as bruises or welts

1. Neglected appearance 2. Sudden changes in academic or social behavior 3. Disruptive behavior 4. Overly-compliant behavior 5. Injuries, such as bruises or welts

Socioeconomic status influences learning through which of the following ways? 1. Parental attitudes and values 2. Cultural and ethnic practices 3. Interaction patterns in the home 4. Physical and safety needs

1. Parental attitudes and values 3. Interaction patterns in the home 4. Physical and safety needs

Which of the following are part of the definition of socioeconomic status (SES)? 1. Parents' level of education 2. Parents' intelligence (I.Q.) 3. Parents' occupation 4. The amount of money parents make

1. Parents' level of education 3. Parents' occupation 4. The amount of money parents make

Of the following, which is the best estimate of the number of students aged 6-19 who are ``overweight? 10% 15% 25% 40%

15%

Which of the following are characteristics of schools that are effective for working with ``students at risk? 1. Slightly more relaxed classroom management systems, because students at risk lack structure in their home lives. 2. Emphasis on students learning to accept personal responsibility and develop self-regulation. 3. Slightly lower expectations to help ensure that students experience as much success as possible. 4. Emphasis on cooperative, sense of community, and prosocial values. 5. Teachers who communicate that they both care about their students as people and are committed to their students' learning.

2. Emphasis on students learning to accept personal responsibility and develop self-regulation. 4. Emphasis on cooperative, sense of community, and prosocial values. 5. Teachers who communicate that they both care about their students as people and are committed to their students' learning.

According to research, which of the following patterns are true of poverty? 1. Most people in poverty live in inner cities. 2. Poverty is most common in families headed by single mothers. 3. Poverty is more common among cultural minorities than among non-minorities. 4. The largest percentage of people in poverty are children.

2. Poverty is most common in families headed by single mothers. 3. Poverty is more common among cultural minorities than among non-minorities. 4. The largest percentage of people in poverty are children.

Which of the following tend to be characteristics of urban schools compared to suburban ``schools? 1. They are better funded than suburban schools. 2. They are generally larger than suburban schools. 3. The rate of student poverty is higher than in suburban schools. 4. They are more diverse than suburban schools.

2. They are generally larger than suburban schools. 3. The rate of student poverty is higher than in suburban schools. 4. They are more diverse than suburban schools.

Many attempts at reform have taken place in our nation's educational system, and these ``reform efforts will impact you when you begin teaching. Which of the following are ``some of these reform efforts? -Establishing standards that describe what students should know or be able to do at the end of a period of study. -Reorganizing schools so that the developmental needs of students who are members of cultural minorities are more nearly taken into account. -Using test-based accountability, the process of using standardized tests to determine whether or not students have met standards. -Offering parents alternatives to regular public schools by creating alternative schools and providing parents with financial vouchers that allow them to send their children to schools of their choosing.

Establishing standards that describe what students should know or be able to do at the end of a period of study. Using test-based accountability, the process of using standardized tests to determine whether or not students have met standards. Offering parents alternatives to regular public schools by creating alternative schools and providing parents with financial vouchers that allow them to send their children to schools of their choosing.

According to researchers, which of the following are considered to be forms of bullying? Face-to-face attack Threats Teasing about sexual orientation Telling students that they can't play with others Spreading malicious rumors

Face-to-face attack Threats Teasing about sexual orientation Telling students that they can't play with others Spreading malicious rumors

According to research surveys, which statement best describes the experiences of ``homosexual students in schools? Homosexual students experience a much higher incidence of harassment than do students in general (over 90% of gay students report hearing anti-gay comments) Homosexual students experience an incidence of harassment similar to that of heterosexual girls (about 80% having experienced some form of harassment) Homosexual students experience less harassment than heterosexual girls but more than heterosexual boys. Homosexual students experience a level of harassment similar to students in general, since many of their peers don't know that they're homosexual.

Homosexual students experience a much higher incidence of harassment than do students in general (over 90% of gay students report hearing anti-gay comments)

Consider the following statement: "The educator strives to help each student realize his ``or her potential as a worthy and effective member of society." ``Of the following, which is the best description of the statement? It is a statement describing the characteristics of teachers as professionals. It is a statement describing the intrinsic rewards in teaching. It is a statement describing a principle from a Code of Ethics. It is a statement describing the autonomy of teachers as they practice their craft.

It is a statement describing a principle from a Code of Ethics.

Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the characteristics of ``students most likely to use alcohol and other drugs? High achievers are more likely than low achievers to use alcohol and other drugs, because they are more involved in extracurricular activities, which is where most drug use occurs. Low achievers are more likely than high achievers to use alcohol and other drugs, because drug use is associated with other risk factors, such as low-SES and family instability. High achievers are more likely than low achievers to use alcohol and other drugs, because school is often boring for them, and they're looking for an outlet for their energies. Average students are more likely than either high or low achievers to use alcohol and other drugs, because high achievers are involved in programs for the gifted, low achievers have remedial programs designed for them, and average students "get lost in the shuffle."

Low achievers are more likely than high achievers to use alcohol and other drugs, because drug use is associated with other risk factors, such as low-SES and family instability.

Of the following, which mother is most likely to need high-quality childcare services? Maria, a single mother working for minimum wage as a part-time custodian Vishni, a recent immigrant from India working as an analyst for a large computer firm Karen, a stay-at-home mom, whose husband works for a small banking firm. Sophia, a working mother and teacher, whose husband is also a teacher

Maria, a single mother working for minimum wage as a part-time custodian

Pedro is a boy living in a small Mexican village. Every day he rises early, for he must walk the two miles to his school. He has breakfast of beans and bread made from ground corn, leaves the house and begins his trek. He likes the walk for he can wave to his papa toiling daily in the cornfields that provide the food and income for the family. When Pedro comes home from school he often plays soccer with his friends in the village, and after dinner his mother usually plays songs on a guitar while papa sings. The activities Pedro is involved in, such as playing soccer and listening to his mother and father play and sing best illustrate which of the following? a. His culture b. His ethnicity c. Stereotype threat d. Accommodation without assimilation

a. His culture

Evidence indicates that the concept of America as a "melting pot" never fully occurred. ``Which of the following statements provides the best evidence indicating that America ``never was a true and complete "melting pot?" a. Neighborhoods and groups continue to celebrate unique cultural festivals and maintain cultural habits. b. Many people came to the United States as non-native English speakers. c. The number of minority students in America's schools is rapidly increasing. d. The achievement of some minority groups tends to lag behind the achievement of white students.

a. Neighborhoods and groups continue to celebrate unique cultural festivals and maintain cultural habits.

Researchers have examined the effects of teachers changing their instruction so they ask ``more open-ended questions, such as "What do you notice about the information on the ``overhead?" instead of asking questions requiring specific answers. Which of the ``following is the most accurate description of the effects of this change in instruction? a. The participation of African American students in the class increased compared to questions requiring specific answers. b. The participation of African American students in the class was not changed compared to questions requiring specific answers. c. The participation of African American students was not changed compared to questions requiring specific answers, but the answers the students gave to the open-ended questions indicated less thought on the part of the students. d. The participation of African American students decreased compared to questions requiring specific answers.

a. The participation of African American students in the class increased compared to questions requiring specific answers.

Researchers have attempted to understand the high success rates of Southeast Asian ``students who have been in the United States a relatively short period of time. Of the ``following, which is the most accurate description of the researchers' findings? a. The researchers found that the families of these children placed heavy emphasis on the importance of education and hard work. b. The researchers found that these children were innately superior to American children as measured by intelligence tests. c. The researchers found that, because the children's families had come from war-torn areas, teachers gave the children added support and attention. d. The researchers found that the children had virtually no involvement in extracurricular activities, so they devoted all their energies to academics.

a. The researchers found that the families of these children placed heavy emphasis on the importance of education and hard work.

Which tends to be true of students from lower socioeconomic status homes? a. They have fewer school-related background experiences than students from higher SES backgrounds. b. They are unable to learn in regular classrooms, and usually are placed in classes for students with exceptionalities. c. They tend to gravitate to activities out of the academic mainstream, such as sports, music, and art. d. They tend to have more fully developed social lives than students from higher SES backgrounds.

a. They have fewer school-related background experiences than students from higher SES backgrounds.

David Nalbandian, a third grader, has recently come to the United States from Armenia. ``He is quickly learning English on his own, since all of his instruction is in English and ``his school provides him with no extra support with learning English. The EL program ``he is in is best described as: a. an immersion program. b. a transitional EL program. c. a sheltered English program. d. a maintenance EL program.

a. an immersion program.

The attitudes, values, customs, and behavior that characterize a social group is best ```described as: a. culture. b. ethnicity. c. exceptionalities. d. socioeconomic status.

a. culture.

As you move into your teaching career, you are almost certain to have non-native English ``speakers in your classroom. Which of the following is the most effective way to help ``your non-native English speakers as their language skills are developing? a. Explain everything you do slowly and clearly, so your non-native English speakers have time to try and grasp the language. b. Use as many concrete examples as possible to provide real and tangible reference points for new concepts and vocabulary. c. Have students explain topics to other students in their own words, because students often better identify with other students' language than the language of the teacher. d. Avoid having a classroom that is too highly structured, since some cultural groups are not comfortable in highly structured environments.

b. Use as many concrete examples as possible to provide real and tangible reference points for new concepts and vocabulary.

Andrei, whose native language is Russian, gets all of his instruction in English except for ``one period a day. During that period he goes to another room and works with a teacher ``who helps him with pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and oral comprehension in ``English. The ELL program he is in is best described as: a. an immersion program. b. an ESL pullout program. c. a sheltered English program. d. a maintenance EL program.

b. an ESL pullout program.

Rafael, a recent immigrant from Mallorca, an island in the Mediterranean off the coast of Spain, is very proud of his Spanish heritage. He usually speaks Spanish at home and loves evenings and weekends where he basks in the laid back, relaxed lifestyle and lack of concern about time that are characteristic of the way he grew up. However, he never misses school, turns in all his assignments, and is always on time for school and his classes. Rafael's Spanish heritage and identification with Mallorca best describes his: a. culture. b. ethnicity. c. diversity. d.assimilation.

b. ethnicity.

Of the following, the most effective strategy for helping reduce or eliminate the effects of resistance cultures is to: a. remind students that to succeed in a global economy they must get a good education. b. tell students that being successful in school doesn't detract in any way from their cultural identity. c. expose students to role models that have succeeded while retaining the characteristics of the minority culture. d. allow students to do written assignments on topics that are related to their cultural heritage.

c. expose students to role models that have succeeded while retaining the characteristics of the minority culture.

A program for EL students which focuses on learning English, and only English is ``spoken best describes a(n): a. maintenance program. b. transition program. c. immersion program. d. English as a Second Language program.

c. immersion program.

You notice that Joanne, one of your second graders, frequently comes to school ``disheveled with bruises on her arms. When you ask her what caused the bruises, she ``says that she keeps falling from her bike. Suspecting child abuse, you report what ``you've seen to school authorities. After an investigation, it turns out that Joanne has ``told the truth, and the bruises were indeed the result of falling from her bike. Furious ``over the allegation of child abuse, the parents file a lawsuit against you and the school. ``Of the following, which is the most accurate assessment of your situation? a. You are not protected from liability, since you mistakenly alleged that the parents abused Joanne. b. You are not protected from liability, since the only evidence of child abuse was Joanne's disheveled appearance and bruises on her arms. c. Because of the seriousness of child abuse, teachers are often protected from liability if they can prove their claims. d. You are protected from liability since you honestly reported the allegation based on her disheveled appearance and bruises.

d. You are protected from liability since you honestly reported the allegation based on her disheveled appearance and bruises.

Of the following, which most accurately describes your employment opportunities in an ``urban school compared to a suburban school? a. Your employment opportunity will be much higher in a suburban school, because many families have moved to the suburbs over the past three decades. b. Your employment opportunities will be slightly higher in suburban schools, because many families have moved to the suburbs, but the trend has slowed over the past several years. c. Your employment opportunities in urban and suburban schools will be similar, because they serve similar numbers of students. d. Your employment opportunities will be significantly higher in urban schools, because teaching in them is viewed as challenging and veteran teachers choose jobs in suburbs.

d. Your employment opportunities will be significantly higher in urban schools, because teaching in them is viewed as challenging and veteran teachers choose jobs in suburbs.

Which of the following statements illustrates the relationship between culture and ethnicity? a. Culture and ethnicity are unrelated. b. Culture and ethnicity are the same thing. c. Culture is a part of ethnicity. d. ethnicity is a part of culture

d. ethnicity is a part of culture

Schools that serve as family resource centers designed to provide a range of social and ``health services to create a safety net for students and their families are called: a. schools for students at risk. b. social and health service schools. c. schools for members of cultural minorities. d. full-service schools.

d. full-service schools.

"A variety of strategies schools use to accommodate cultural differences and provide ```educational opportunities for all students" is best described as: a. cultural inversion. b. cultural assimilation. c. cultural accommodation. d. multicultural education.

d. multicultural education.

"I'm going to use a paragraph," Manuel Maniere thought as he started writing a vignette ``to illustrate the concept of adjectives. "They think that adjectives are words that go just ``before nouns, and plus, they understand parts of speech better if they're in context. I'll ``use exciting because it comes after a noun, and I'll use running because it looks like a ``verb, and home looks like a noun. Then, I'll use words like soon, very, and incredibly, ``as nonexamples, since they're adverbs. The following is the paragraph he wrote to use in his lesson: John and Karen drove together in his old car to the football game. They soon met their very best friends, Latoya and Michael, at the large gate near the entrance. The game was incredibly exciting, and because the team's running game was in high gear, the home team won by a bare margin. ``Of the following, Manuel's efforts best illustrate: general educational knowledge. professional ethics. knowledge of the profession. decision making.

decision making

Which of the following best describes the diversity across our country? Diversity is rapidly increasing in some states, such as California, Texas, Arizona, and Florida, but it is decreasing in rural states, such as Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming. Diversity is increasing in southern states, but it is decreasing in northern states. Diversity is remaining about the same as it was in the past two decades. Diversity is increasing in every state in the nation.

diversity is increasing in every state in the nation