Egans Ch. 11
shock
a low blood pressure results in ______ and poor CO2 delivery
patients with pulmonary fibrosis
diffusion defect that results in low blood O2 levels
haldane effect
the fickle heme will drop CO2 off at the lung when they run into
positive inotropes
medications that stimulates heart to beat faster and stronger
SvO2
mixed venous O2 saturation mixed from a venous blood sample
ventilation-perfusion imbalances
most common cause of low blood O2in patients with lung disease
bicarbonate
most of the CO2 in your blood is transported as
physiologic shunt
occurs when blood passes through areas of the lung that have no ventilation
alveolar ventilation
the PCO2 varies inversely with
sickle cell hemoglobin
HbS, not only carries on poorly with O2, but also causes red blood cells to deform and clump together into thrombi
drug overdose
may result in an inadequate minute or alveolar ventilation due to central nervous system depression
hypoxemia
medical name for a low level of O2 in the blood
DO2 (oxygen delivery)
oxygen content of the blood
oxygen transport
essential mechanism by which oxygen is carried from the lungs to the capillary bed
capillary membrane, interstitial fluid, alveolar membrane
three barriers of diffusion
fetal (F)
babies are born with ______ hemoglobin which causes left shift on the curve and makes babies prone to cyanosis
hemoglobin
blood carries a small amount of dissolved O2 in the plasma and a large amount carried in chemical combination with
PaO2
partial pressure of arterial oxygen universal measurement of pulmonary gas exchange
PAO2
partial pressure of arterial oxygen- alveolar, not blood
PvO2
partial pressure of venous oxygen indicator of oxygen use by the entire body
ventilation perfusion imbalances
patients with COPD are unable to maintain adequate ventilation due to
hemoglobin, and plasma
primary oxygen transports
pressure gradients
process of ventilation
ventilation
process that moves gases between the external environment and the alveoli
hypoxia
inadequate delivery of O2 to the tissues
diffusion
the movement of gas between lungs and tissues depends mainly on
methemoglobin
when iron compound is oxidized
PcO2
capillary oxygen
low ambient of PO2 hypoventilation diffusion ventilation-perfusion physiologic shunt
5 causes of a decreased PaO2 or O2 level in arterial blood are
myocardial infarction
an example of ischemia
hypoxia
can occur when arterial blood O2 content is decreased or if blood flow is decreased
200
carboxyhemoglobin really lasts because hemoglobin's affinity for CO is _____ times greater than its affinity for oxygen
oxygenation
dissolved oxygen concentration oxygen saturation in blood
P50 or Percentage 50
half, if O2 if half saturated, the normal value is 27 --> PO2
oxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin and oxygen together
carboxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin takes up carbon dioxide
ischemia
localized reduction in blood flow to tissues that result in tissue death
respiration
the cellular utilization for the uptake of O2 cellular metabolism