Elements of Geography - Chapter 2 study
rank these representative fractions scales so that the largest scale is at the top and the smallest scale is at the bottom. 1:500 1:63,360 1:10,000 1:100,000
- 1:500 - 1:10,000 - 1:63,360 - 1:100,00
which of the following properties of Earth's actual surface are commonly distorted by maps?
- distance - area - direction - shape
which of the following developments during the Renaissance helped with the rise of accurate cartography?
- great voyages of discovery - development of printing - rediscovery of the work of Greek cartographers
which of the following statements about conformal projections are correct?
- parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude cross one another at right angles - scale is the same in all directions at any given location - preserve directional relationships for small areas
which of the following are the key reference points in the grid system used to locate points on the surface of the Earth?
- the equator - south pole - north pole - the prime meridian
which of the following statements about meridians of longitude are correct?
- they are the farthest apart at the equator - they are the same length - they connect the poles of the earth
satellites such as the Landsat Satellites are important tools for imaging the Earth because _
- they can cover wide areas in a short period of time - they enable us to map atmospheric and weather conditions they can provide views of large regions of the Earth
maps such as this one that use area symbols to show the distribution of a phenomenon in an area can have which of the following problems?
- they can give a false impression of uniformity within an area - they suggest abrupt boundaries between regions when boundaries may be diffuse - the colors chosen may make some areas look more important than others
Which of these statements about the map shown are true?
- this map is an equidistant projection - the distance from New Nork city to the North Pole is correct
which of the following are examples of how maps may be misused such that the information they convey is incorrect, incomplete, or distorted?
- varying scale from one area to another - selective omission of data - use of an inappropriate projection
in the township and range system, each township is divided up into how many sections?
36
how many seconds are there in one degree?
3600
which of these is not one of the five major components of a geographic information system?
a data collection component
when you see the representative fraction scale 1:100,000 on a map, what does it mean?
all of the answers are correct
the township and range system divides the land using survey lines: _ lines that run east-west and _ that run north-south
base, meridians
why does the distance between adjacent degrees of longitude vary with distance from the equator?
because the meridians converge at the poles
this special type of area map that scales the size of the states by the size of their populations is called a(n) _
cartogram
with a name derived from the Greek words for place and magnitude, a _ map uses differently shaded regions to show the amount of a phenomenon variation from area to area
choropleth
what is the name for this type of thematic map, which uses shaded areas to show the amount population varies from one California county to another
choropleth map
topography maps use _ lines to depict lines of equal lines of equal elevation
contour
the global positioning system is maintained by the united states department of _
defense
standard photography
detects reflected energy within the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Can't penetrate darkness
_ projections show true distance in all directions from a central point
equidistant
True or False: Today, mapping of the Earth's surface is primarily conducted through fieldwork
false
True or False: only human geographers use GIS. Physical geographers use topographic maps and therefore don't need GIS
false
true or false: the distance on the surface of the Earth between each degree of latitude is equal
false
a map, such as the one shown here, that shows the natural and/or cultural features on an area is known as a(n) _ map
general-purpose
a GIS system references a _ _, a digital record of coordinate-referenced data such as topography, soil type, population, or income
geographic database
in order to represent the variation in the population of California counties, this map uses _ point symbols where the size of the dot represents the size of a population
graduated
digital maps that combine data from one or more sources into an integrative experience are called _ maps
integrative
each new day begins at the _ _ _
international date line
what is the general term for a line on a map that denotes specific numerical values by joining points of equal value (for example a contour line)?
isoline
what is the name used for the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian?
longitude
the 2002 incident during which nine miners were trapped in a flooded mine shaft after breaking through an adjacent flooded mine occurred because the _ used by the mining company were out of date
maps
which of the following is the geographer's primary tool used for spatial analysis?
maps
to record the latitude of a place precisely, degrees are divided into 60 _, which are in turn divided into 60 _
minutes, seconds
the lines of latitude are _ to each other and run _
parallel, east-west
features that occur at a particular point in space are represented by _ _ such as dots, crosses, or triangles
point symbols
the way in which the curved surface of the globe is represented on a flat sheet of paper is called a map _
projection
the entire of the 48 contiguous states, Hawaii, and U.S. territories is covered by a series of 1:24,000 scale maps. A single map in this series is called a(n) _.
quadrangle
a thematic map that uses symbols to represent the distribution of something (for example, the location of churches) is called a _ map. In contrast, when a thematic map shows the spatial characteristics of numerical data (for example, size of church congregations), it is called a _ map
qualitative, quantitative
is the map shown here an example of a quantitative flow-line map or a qualitative flow-line map?
quantitative
thermal scanner
records longwave radiation emitted by objects. Can penetrate darkness but can't penetrate clouds
because of their ability to cover large regions and because of their high speed coverage, _ have become important tools for imaging Earth's surface
satellites
radar
sends out pulses of microwave electromagnetic radiation and detects their reflection. Can penetrate both darkness and clouds
Geographers are interested in understanding _, complex interactions of multiple components. In order to understand the role of individual components, geographers can create _ that isolate certain components. An example of this would be the use of _ to look at the spatial distribution of components
systems; models; maps
what is the contour interval of a map?
the difference in elevation between contour lines
the scale of a map is _
the ratio between the size of something on the map and the size of that thing on the earth
this map, which is a graduated circle map, is an example of a(n) _ (or special-purpose) map, which is the general term for a map depicting the specific spatial distribution of a category of data
thematic
a(n) _ map depicts the shape and elevation of terrain as well as natural and human features of the landscape
topographic
True or False: an equal-area projection always distorts the shapes of regions
true
an azimuthal projection is one that shows _
true direction from one central point to all other points
lidar
utilizes a laser to transmit light to an object and measures the reflected light to produce a precise depiction of the ground surface
color infrared photography
yields false-color images. Particularly useful for recording vegetation and hydrographic features. Can't penetrate darkness or cloud cover
the prime meridian is defined as running through which location?
Greenwich, England
the art of making maps is called:
Cartography
