Emission Control System Technology

Computer control system

Electronic controls monitor and interface with various systems to increase overall engine efficiency and reduce emissions

Thermostatic Air Cleaner System

Maintains a constant temperature of the air entering the engine for improved combustion and performance

Oxygen Sensor

Measures amount of oxygen in exhaust gases

Secondary Sensor

Measures oxygen content entering catalytic converter

Primary Sensor

Measures oxygen content leaving front exhaust pipes

Blowby

Oil vapors and other emissions that leak past piston rings into engine crankcase or form in an engine bottom end from heating of oil

2 Way Catalytic Converter

Only reduces HC and CO emissions

Mini Catalytic Converter

Placed close to engine exhaust manifold. Usually in conjuction with main converter

Positive Crankcase Ventilation System

Recirculates engine crankcase fumes back into the combustion chamber

3 Way Catalytic Converter

Reduces all 3 types of emissions

Purge Lines

Removes stored vapors from charcoal canister

Particulates

Solid particle of soot and other substances resulting from combustion

Charcoal Canister

Stores fuel vapors while car isn't running

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Toxic by product of partial burning of fuel. Deadly oder less gas.

Dual-Bed Catalytic Converter Operation

Two Separate catalyst enclosed in one housing

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Undesirable compounds of nitrogen and oxygen in exhaust gases usually produced when combustion chamber exceeds certain temperature

PCV Valve

Used to control flow of air through PCV system

Evaporative Emissions Control Systems

A closed vent system that stores fuel vapors and prevents them from entering the atmosphere

Catalytic converter

Chemically changes combustion by products into harmless substances

Purge Valve

Controls flow of vapors from canister to intake manifold

Air injection System

Forces outside air into exhaust system to help burn unburned fuel

Smog

Generalized term used to describe air pollution caused by chemical fumes and smoke

Hydrocarbon (HC)

Highly flammable chemical mixture of about 12% hydrogen and 82% carbon makes ups majority of crude oil

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems

Injects burned exhaust gases into engine combustion chamber to prevent formation of NOx